广西地区地震动衰减Q值和场地响应研究

根据2007-2013年广西数字测震台网21个地震台的665条波形资料,运用三段几何衰减模型,采用Akinson方法多台多地震联合反演,得到广西地区非弹性衰减Q值,利用Moya方法进行台站的场地响应测算.结果表明:广西地区非弹性衰减Q值和频率f线性关系较好,Q(f)=366.3f0.47;其中10个台站的场地响应在1附近,且随频率变化波动小;百色、桂林、梧州地震台场地响应随着高频增加而缓慢降低;钦州地震台低频部分较为平坦,高频部分有较为明显的放大效应;河池地震台低频部分较为平坦,在频率7 Hz以上快速下降;南宁地震台仪器通带范围的能量场地响应有明显的放大效应.     

利用遗传算法反演山西地区非弹性衰减系数和场地响应

运用山西地震台网的27条数字地震波形资料,基于遗传算法,用Atkinson方法得到山西地区的品质因子Q值随频率的关系.采用Moya方法反演地震的台站场地响应,40个台站的场地响应均表现为与频率有关,其中27个台站的场地响应在频率域不平坦,只有部分台站的场地响应基本没有放大,在1附近,主要是由于这些台站的仪器安放于干扰较小的山洞所致.     

辽宁地区S波非弹性衰减Q值及台站场地响应研究

利用辽宁省地震台网2009~2014年所记录到的39个地震事件,震级为M_L3.2~4.6,研究了辽宁地区S波非弹性衰减Q值和台站的场地响应,得到辽宁地区的Q值和频率之间的关系Q(f)=552.7f~(0.2801)。说明辽宁地区处于Q值的中等范围,地震活动性相对较低;同时得到了32个台站的场地响应,大部分台站的场地响应基本在1附近,无明显的场地放大效应。     

河北地区地震波Q值与场地响应

利用2009—2015年河北地震台网记录的156条地震波形数据,基于Atkinson方法,计算河北地区非弹性衰减系数随频率的幂函数,求得Q值。采用Moya方法,反演得到144个地震台站的场地响应。将地震台按台基类型分为5类进行分析,结果显示,各类台基地震台场地响应随频率变化特征差异明显。     

陕西省地震动衰减及台站场地响应研究

利用陕西省测震台网的25个台站和2008—2010年所记录到的19个地震进行了陕西省Q值及台站场地响应值的计算,得出非弹性衰减Q值随频率f的关系为Q（f）=826.57f 0.3538。这说明陕西省处于高Q值区域,地壳相对较稳定,地震活动性相对较弱。计算得到的陕西省数字测震台网25个台站的场地响应值,其中,只有铜川台（...     

利用遗传算法反演山东地区S波非弹性衰减及场地响应

采用山东地震台网记录的地震资料,基于Atkinson方法计算得出研究区非弹性衰减Q值与频率f的关系为Q(f)=457.1f~(0.4317)。基于Moya方法得到山东台网中46个台站的场地响应,其中大部分台站效果比较理想,BSH、BZH、DOY、KEL、SHH、TZH、WEF台站存在较明显的放大效应,BZH、CHD、DOY、KEL、SHH、TCH、WEF台站的场地响应在6Hz以上出现显著的高频衰减。     

山西地区非弹性衰减系数、场地响应和震源参数的研究

根据山西数字地震台网14个地震台的310条波形资料,研究了山西地区的非弹性衰减系数,采用Atkinson和Moya方法研究了各台的场地响应和几个震源参数,并对这两种方法的反演结果进行了对比分析.得到山西地区介质品质因子Q值随频率f的关系为;Q(f)=323.2f0.506;得到的14个台站的场地响应均没有显示出明显的放大效应,这与山西台站均处于岩石地基相符;得到拐角频率和地震矩、地震矩和应力降、震源半径和应力降之间存在依赖关系.     

福建地区地震波非弹性衰减Q值、场地响应及震源参数研究

利用Atkinson方法结合福建数字地震台网28个数字地震台记录的70个地震事件波形资料,对福建地区的非弹性衰减系数进行研究,得出福建地区介质平均Q值与频率f的关系式。利用Moya方法分别计算了福建台网"九五"和"十五"系统的台站场地响应,共获得37个地震台站的场地响应。最后根据Brune模型计算了2000年1月1日至2011年9月30日福建台网记录的省内及临近海域ML2.5以上157次地震的震源参数,这些地震ML震级与地震矩M0在单对数坐标下成线性关系,与震源尺度及应力降没有明显相关性。     

山西地区非弹性衰减系数、场地响应和几种震源参数的研究.

根据山西数字地震台网14个地震台的310条波形资料，研究了山西地区的非弹性衰减系数；采用Atkinson和Moya方法，研究了各台的场地响应和几种震源参数，并对这两种方法的反演结果进行了对比分析. 得到山西地区非弹性衰减Q值随频率f的关系为Q(f)=323.2f 0.506；得到的14个台站的场地响应均没有显示出明显的放大效应，这与山西台站均处于岩石地基相符；得到了拐角频率与地震矩、地震矩与应力降、震源半径与应力降之间存在依赖关系.      

北京地区中小地震震源参数反演

利用2001年10月——2004年10月该台网记录到的511条波形资料, 分别以北京及附近地区、 北京西部山区和东部平原区作为研究区域, 采用Atkinson和Mereu方法计算各自的Q值, 并与已有的结果进行对比, 讨论了Q值计算结果的可靠性及差异存在的原因. 在此基础上, 利用Moya等方法进行了震源参数和场地响应的反演,计算时采用了两种模型:① 分区的Q值、地震和台站;② 全区的Q值、地震和台站. 结果表明,两种模型得到的震源参数和场地响应基本一致,同时也说明了采用这些方法得到的震源参数不受台网大小的限制.      

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING CENTER ON EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION(IRTCES)

正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and     

Calendar of events

正~~     

Information for authors

正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research.     

Dynamic process-response model of river channel development

Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape.     

Discussion on the Precise Relocation and Seismo-Tectonics of the Jiujiang-Ruichang Earthquake

Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored.     

Hydrochemical and bacteriological features of the groundwater: southern border of the Rharb basin (Morocco) / Caractérisation hydrochimique et bactériologique des eaux souterraines: bordure méridionale du bassin du Rharb (Maroc)

Abstract

The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Cl^?, SO₄ ^2?, HCO₃ ^?, NO₃ ^?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region.     

Zink in der Umwelt

Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m³ zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m³. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters.