东北地区重力均衡异常特征的初步研究

本文利用地面实测重力资料和地形高程资料,采用普拉特-海福特(Pratt-ttayford)重力均衡理论模型,取1°×1°方格网,通过使用现成改正表格查取改正值与个别计算点用理论公式计算作校核的方法,计算了我国东北地区75个计算点的均衡重力异常值;并对局部第四系覆盖较厚地区作了第四系密度改正;在此基础上,构制了我国东北N39°—49°,E121°—131°大部分地区的均衡重力异常图;结合区域布格重力异常和区域空间重力异常特征以及莫霍界面的起伏特点作了对比分析和讨论     

中国大陆自由空气重力场的初步研究

本文利用地面实测的重力资料计算并构制了从1°×1°到10°×10°平均的中国大陆自由空气重力异常图,并对这套图中所反映出来的基本事实进行了分析和解释,且就这些基本事实与大地构造、地壳均衡、地震活动的关系及其可能的地球动力学过程进行了讨论     

东北南部地区地壳均衡状态浅析

均衡状态是评价一个地区现今地壳构造活动性的一个重要标志。本文通过对东北南部地区普拉特—海福特均衡重力异常特征的分析,并通过均衡重力异常与深部地壳测深结果、地形趋势面自由空气重力异常以及与艾理均衡重力异常结果的对比分析,以达到:(1)为研究者提供一些基础资料;(2)通过对比分析,进一步了解东北南部地区及海城震区的均衡状态,以期在海城震区深部地球物理特征的研究方面获得进展。     

青藏高原均衡重力异常研究

根据重力异常图等有关资料，研究了青藏高均衡重力异常的分布特征与地质构造、地壳新构造运动产间的关系，结果表明：（１）高原内各块体的均衡状太民并不均一，而且异常幅值大小与地壳的相对隆起或沉程度相关；（２）高原均衡异常同强地震分布有较密切联系。     

青藏高原东缘重力导纳模型均衡异常时空特征

青藏高原东缘地处南北地震带,在卫星自由空气重力异常图上对应明显的正负异常梯级带变化特征,沿着异常梯级带分布多条深大断裂,属于构造单元的边界区域.本文利用重力导纳分析方法,计算了该区重力导纳模型均衡异常背景场;通过与Airy模型和弹性板模型的均衡重力异常特征对比,结合地震活动性分布特点,评价均衡重力异常计算结果和选择计算...     

中国大陆区域重力场的基本特征

中国大陆1°×1°空间重力异常和布格重力异常大体以东经104°线为界分为东、西绝然不同的两部分,东部异常变化平缓,线性异常的走向以北北东向为主,西部异常变化急剧,线性异常的走向以北西西向为主,进而还可分成异常特征明显不同的东部、中部、新疆、青藏四大区。文章初步讨论了中国大陆区域重力场与大地构造,地壳均衡和地震活动的关系,认为中国东部线性异常主要反映了北北东向新华夏构造体系,中国西部线性异常主要反映了北西西向西域构造体系,布格重力异常梯度带大都对应断块间的断裂带;布格重力异常和地形高程基本上呈负相关, 中国大陆地壳在大范围内基本处于均衡状态;地震大都发生在重力梯度带上     

两幅全国均衡重力异常图的差异

地图出版社于１９８９年出版的《中国岩石圈动力学地图集》（国际岩石圈委员会１２５号出版物）中的全国“均衡重力异常”图,与地质出版社１９９６年出版的《中国地球物理图集》（国际岩石圈委员会２０１号出版物）中的全国“均衡重力异常图”的比较表明,在东经１０５°以西的大部分山区,如冈底斯山、昆仑山、阿尔金山、祁连山、巴颜喀拉山以及秦岭等处,两幅图件显示的均衡重力异常有较大的差异;不仅符号相反,而且数值相差达到１００或２００余毫伽．这个差异必然导致对同一个地区的两种截然不同的均衡状态估计．对于差异如此大的基础图件,有必要仔细核对,查明造成差异的原因。     

均衡重力异常和地壳表、浅层地质结构

从理论和试验角度论证了利用均衡重力异常研究地壳表、浅层地质结构的可行性,从而指出:所有合理的地壳均衡模型产生的均衡效应几乎是一样的;地壳均衡模型类型和模型参数的变化,仅使均衡改正值在长波长上发生很小变化,而对均衡重力异常的局部异常影响不大;均衡重力异常与地壳表、浅层地质结构具有明显的对应关系。因此,利用均衡重力异常研究地表和地壳浅层地质结构,以选择简单的地壳均衡模型为好。本方法的优点是不受地形格架影响,便于进行广泛对比和定量研究     

珍贝—黄岩海山链热-重力均衡动态调节机制

珍贝—黄岩海山链作为我国南海的残留扩张中心, 对其研究具有重要的科学意义. 本文运用均衡学方法, 通过重力异常数据反演了过珍贝—黄岩海山链剖面的地壳界面变化, 同时计算了岩石圈热结构状态, 在此基础上建立了珍贝—黄岩海山链的岩石圈地温结构模型. 通过均衡分析方法, 对剖面上测点的海底地形数据进行了热均衡和重力均衡分析, 得到了热均衡和重力均衡形变量. 结果表明, 在珍贝—黄岩海山链高热流区域, 热均衡作用可以产生最大约0.55 km的形变, 其重力均衡形变范围为0.77—1.89 km. 热均衡通过改变海底地形和地壳物质密度不断作用于重力均衡, 重力又反过来作用于热均衡, 形成了热均衡-重力均衡动态调节机制.      

地形—均衡补偿重力、大地水准面异常频谱分析

将地形高、地球内部质量异常以及重力、大地水准面展开成球谐级数，依据岩石圈弹性挠曲均衡补偿理论建立地形—均衡补偿重力、大地水准面异常的球谐级数表达式.由此我们可以研究地形—均衡补偿重力、大地水准面异常与球谐级数阶次的关系，以及不同波长地形荷载与岩石圈挠曲补偿的关系，探讨地形—均衡补偿重力、大地水准面的频谱特性.从观测大地水准面异常和自由空气重力异常扣除地形—均衡补偿大地水准面、重力异常，可以得到均衡大地水准面异常和均衡重力异常.均衡大地水准面异常已经消除了浅层物质不均匀的影响，反映的是地球深部物质密度不均匀分布.均衡重力异常显示出中短波长特性，反映的是地壳上地幔物质分布的失衡和物质调整的动力学特征.     

LA GRAVIMETRIE DE HAUTE PRECISION APPLICATION AUX RECHERCHES DE CAVITES*

High precision gravity surveys have to be examined at different points of view: the accuracy which one can expect on the final results, regardless to their distribution, the shape and amplitude of the expected anomalies, depending on these factors, which grid of stations is convenient in each particular case. Under certain condition, using an appropriate procedure, involving strict criteria, it is possible to get on the Bouguer map the same accuracy as the reading one. However an accuracy closed to 0,01 mgal does not imply that anomalies as 0,01 or 0,02 mgal deserved attention. Numerous factors limit our appreciation of significant anomalies to 0,05 mgal, may be a little less. When cavites are concerned, it is always necessary to define the extreme dimensions an depth of volumes which may give detectable anomalies. Some example are given illustrating different aspects of this particular type of geophysical prospecting.     

The gravity signatures of isostatic,thermally-expanded ridge crests

The gravity anomaly has been computed above isostatic, thermally-balanced speading centers that cool by conduction through their top surfaces. Isothermal, and therefore isodense, surfaces were treated as topographic boundaries between layers of different density, and Fourier transforms of power series of the topographic height were used to find the gravity. Convergence requires that the anomaly tend to zero with increasing distance from the ridge crest, and when this is obtained, a crestal positive anomaly is flanked by compensating negatives. Both the magnitude and the spatial width of the anomalies decrease with increasing spreading rate.The ～5 mgal gravity anomalies observed over fast-spreading ridges are matched well by the calculations, but slow-spreading ridges usually have a central rift valley in place of the smooth crest of the idealized isostatic thermal model. The mass deficiency of the valley cancels out the ～40 mgal positive peak that would otherwise occur. The short-wavelength anomaly amplitudes of such ridges are less than 25 mgal and follow the observed local rift valley and flanking ridge topography closely. Excess positive gravity and topography of the flanking ridges suggests compensation of the mass deficiency in the rift valley. However, long-wavelength gravity anomalies such as those observed in the northern Mid-Atlantic cannot be due to topography that is isostatically compensated at a shallow depth. These must be caused either by dynamic forces or by large-scale density differences compensated at much greater depths.     

长江三峡地区三维重力反演研究

本文根据最新获得的长江三峡工程坝区及外围1/50万完全布格重力异常图和人工地震测深结果,利用Parker-Oldenburg快速位场反演方法研究了该区地壳深部结构.在计算过程中,通过采用模型分解、正则化及自下而上逐层反演等方法,首次获得了该区上、中、下地壳分界面的展布图象,并围绕着该区地壳深部构造的几个共同关心的问题讨论了它们的地质构造意义.     

南北地震带中段深部构造与地震

南北地震带中段位于中国大腹部，是青藏块体、华北块体和扬子块体的中间枢纽部位。根据该区布格重力异常图，采用Ｐａｒｋｅｒ’ｓ三维位场方法进行莫氏面反演并计算该区不同窗口的剩余场推断和解释了条岩石圈断裂，进而研究它们与地震的关系。     

Variations of the earth's gravity field due to the free nutation

Summary Expressions for the time variation of gravity and for deformations of equipotential surfaces due to the free nutation of the Earth have been derived. The possibility has been shown of determining the polar motion by means of accurate gravity observations under the assumption that the other effects, particularly tidal, may be expressed with sufficient accuracy theoretically. The necessity of introducing gravity corrections due to the polar motion has been pointed out in investigating the secular variations of gravity and in accurate gravity measurements (standard error of the order of 0.01 mgal and less), in general.     

甘肃西部地区深部构造

本文利用重力资料,采用单层地壳模式反演了甘肃西部地区的地壳厚度。根据艾利的均衡假设,进行了均衡补偿的归算,编制了莫霍界面图和均衡异常图。作者对甘肃西部地区的地壳变异带形成的力源进行了简要的探讨,结合历史地震资料,讨论了地壳构造、均衡异常与地震的关系。     

Seismic velocity structure around the Hyuganada region, Southwest Japan, derived from seismic tomography using land and OBS data and its implications for interplate coupling and vertical crustal uplift

The Hyuganada region, a forearc region of Southwest Japan, is characterized by several interesting geological and geophysical features, i.e., significant aseismic crustal uplift of 120 m during the past 120 thousand years at the Miyazaki Plain, negative free-air gravity anomalies with the maximum magnitude of −130 mgal, and relatively less cohesive interplate coupling compared with that for off the Shikoku and Kii Peninsula. In order to examine the causes of these observations, we determined a detailed three-dimensional seismic velocity structure based on the seismic data observed by ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) and land stations. P- and S-wave tomographic velocity structures clearly indicate the subducting slab and also the zones of high Poisson's ratio at 25–35 km depth along the coastline of the northeastern part of the Hyuganada. The region with high Poisson's ratio may correspond to the serpentinized mantle wedge as suggested for other mantle wedges, and appears to be coincident with the zone for observed aseismic slips such as the slow-slip and after-slip events. Also, the detection may be related to a relatively weak interplate coupling in the Hyuganada region. The tomographic structures also indicate low velocity zones with a horizontal scale comparable to the Kyushu-Palau Ridge in and around the subducting slab. If we assume that the low velocity zones correspond to the subducted Kyushu-Palau Ridge, then the predicted gravity anomaly due to the density contrast between the low velocity zones and the surrounding region can explain about 60% of the gravity anomaly in the Hyuganada region. The buoyancy is probably an important factor for the crustal uplift observed in the Miyazaki Plain, the steep bending of the subducting slab and the normal fault-type earthquakes around the Hyuganada region.     

2016年射阳M_S 4.4地震前后重力场变化

利用江苏重力测网2014—2017年重力场观测资料,采用绝对重力控制与相对重力联测相结合的平差方法,获取2016年射阳M_S 4.4地震前后重力场变化图。根据射阳M_S 4.4地震前后射阳地区各测线重力段差变化特点,绘制重力场等值线并进行对比分析,结合相关机理,探讨重力场变化与该地震的内在联系。同震观测数据显示:射阳M_S 4.4地震发生在重力异常值高梯度带附近,发震时震中地区位于NS挤压正异常、EW张拉负异常状态,震后区域重力梯度变化量开始减小,是一种典型的重力异常调整现象。