玄武岩和金伯利岩中斜方辉石的矿物化学特征及其意义

作者收集了国内外玄武岩和金伯利岩中不同产状的斜方辉石300余个样品的矿物化学资料。通过对这些资料的分析,确定了斜方辉石的成分范围区。研究表明,斜方辉石的Al_2O_3含量随压力增高而增加,但是,当压力超过21.4×10~8-24.9×10~8Pa时,Al_2O_3含量随压力的继续增高而呈减少趋势。产于金伯利岩中的斜方辉石以富Mg,100Mg/(Mg+Fe~(3+)+Fr~(2+)+Mn)值高和极贫Al、Ca为特征;产于玄武岩中的斜方辉石以贫Mg,富Ca、Fe为特点;Ⅱ型包体可能是在高压条件下从寄主岩——玄武岩中结晶出来的,与巨晶具有相似的成因。     

山东蒙阴金伯利岩带地球化学特征和源区性质

通过主量、微量和稀土元素对山东蒙阴地区的3个金伯利岩带的金伯利岩、辉绿岩、煌斑岩地球化学特征进行分析研究。结果表明,金伯利岩的岩性偏碱性且富钾,K₂O、TiO₂、P₂O₅比一般的超基性岩石含量明显高;微量元素中Ba、Th、Ta、Cr、Ni元素含量明显高,Sr和Y、Yb含量相对原始地幔偏低。金伯利岩稀土元素总量偏高、轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损。总体无明显的Eu负异常。暗示了深部地幔成因的金伯利岩岩浆分异程度较低,基性程度相对高,岩浆混合了深部的榴辉岩和相对较浅的地幔橄榄岩,可能存在二辉橄榄岩和榴辉岩、花岗质等包体捕掳体来源的混杂性。从地幔深部的高温高压的环境下,金伯利岩岩浆携带深部的金刚石矿物捕掳体沿辉绿岩侵位通道侵入上涌,在接近地表,温压骤降,岩浆岩隐爆就位,最后形成常马、西峪、坡里三个金伯利岩带。     

金刚石形成的微观解释及其保存条件

作者讨论了石墨转化为金刚石时的自由能变化和影响金刚石保存的物理化学因素。提出了复位效应这一概念,分析了释压速率、催化剂和水份等因素对金刚石保存的影响。人工合成金刚石的生产实践证实,在压力降低时,由于上述因素的影响,金刚石不稳定,并向石墨转化,金伯利岩中金刚石含矿性取决于多种因素:岩浆侵位的速度、冷凝速度、围岩水份以及岩浆化学成分。现有资料发明,金伯利岩体上部富金刚石,而往深部品位变贫且质量差,在一个岩管中往往中部富而边部渐贫。     

东昆仑地区中生代熔融、同化、存储和均一(MASH)过程及壳幔岩浆混合

哈西亚图石英闪长岩是东昆仑地区中生代具幔源组分贡献的花岗岩类典型代表,岩体出露于东昆仑中构造带,广泛发育暗色微粒包体。包体为闪长质岩石,并含有一系列岩浆混合成因的证据,如水滴状、长条状塑性流变外形,淬冷边、反向脉等高—中温混合迹象,以及低Mg/(Fe+Mg)、Na/(Ca+Na)值等混合成因特征。包体A/CNK值介于0.77~0.87,属准铝质,富Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO,贫K2O、Na2O,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、K等),同时又具有Ta、Nb、Ti的"TNT"负异常,具有俯冲带幔源岩石的成分特点。依据岩石学、地球化学特征并结合同时期大地构造背景,东昆仑晚古生代—早中生代含暗色微粒包体花岗质岩石是幔源岩浆经历多次熔融、同化、存储和均一(MASH)过程后与壳源岩浆混合的产物。在混合岩浆中,富镁铁质端元是由辉长质岩浆进化而来的闪长质岩浆。     

辽宁金伯利岩中碳硅石特征

辽宁金伯利岩中的碳硅石与金刚石密切共生,具有颜色鲜艳、硬度大、蚀象发育、富含基性元素等特征,可作为金刚石找矿的矿物学标志。它与人造碳化硅区别明显,在晶体结构上前者以α—SiCⅡ型为主,后者则以α—SiCⅠ型为主;前者富台基性元素Cr、Ni、Co、V、Ti等,后者富含Mg、Al;前者蚀象发育,后者则无蚀象。在半导体性能上,前者以空穴型为主,后者以屯予型为主。     

俄罗斯远东地区碱性-超基性杂岩体成因与地幔之关系

本文以俄远东地区康捷尔型（钠质专属性特点）、依纳格林型（钾质专属性特点）同心环状碱性－超基性杂岩体为例，论述了该二种类型杂岩体的岩石学、岩石化学及地球化学、产出特征等。前者岩浆岩以 Na偏高为特征， K2O/Na2O=0.1～ 0.7(Na2O含量介于 1.7％～ 8.1％ )，并与金伯利岩、似金伯利岩密切共生，有时可能含有金刚石副矿物；后者类型岩浆岩以钾偏高为特征（ K2O／ Na2O=3.3～ 13.2） ,多产出于张性构造裂谷带或中生代地堑带，与之共生的有钾镁煌斑岩及类钾镁煌斑岩等。上述系列岩浆岩，在成因上与基性超基性岩石组合密切相关，并具有地幔生成特点。同时，不同类型岩浆岩的形成作用主要取决于构造背景之差异和地幔交代作用。     

辽南地区金刚石原生矿床地质特征及其形成机制探讨

一、前言辽南金刚石原生矿床是我国著名的金刚石矿床之一,对于本区成矿远景的推断,在六十年代初马元韬工程师根据世界上己知金刚石矿床主要产于古老地台内的隆起与拗陷衔接带的这一规律,提出“在辽宁南部开展金刚石普查工作的意见”,这个意见在十年之后被证实是正确的。辽宁最早的金伯利岩体在1971年辽宁区调队进行1:20万地质调查时所发现,其后经我队十余年的普查勘探工作,先后发现了一批具工业价值金伯利岩管和岩脉;并划分出北东东向的三个金刚石原生矿带组成的矿田;提交了矿床勘探报告。为了进一步总结我区金刚石原生矿床的成矿规律,本文根据部、局“局于开展典型     

辽东地区水系样品中铬尖晶石特征

铬尖晶石以在风化过程中稳定性高,分布广等特征作为寻找金刚石的重要指示矿物已在找矿中取得了较满意的结果。根据普查找矿中的水系重砂样品所获取的大量铬尖晶石的分布特征、晶体形态、化学成分,以及辽宁已知金伯利岩中铬尖晶石的物理化学特征,将水系重砂中铬尖晶石与金伯利岩中铬尖晶石进行对比。研究表明,辽东北部、中部地区的铬尖晶石基本上不是来自有价值的金伯利岩,而南部地区的铬尖晶石许多是来自有价值的金伯利岩。     

金伯利岩含矿性预测中岩石化学方法的综合应用

利用岩石化学区分金伯利岩和基性—超基性岩;确定金伯利岩的含矿性,是一种可靠而又有效的方法。通过对各种方法的检验,表明多数方法对判别金伯利岩和金伯利岩的含矿性是有效的,但正确率不同。作者在综合前人方法的基础上提出金伯利岩岩石化学综合方法预测方程,并根据方程系数判别金伯利岩含矿性。生成金刚石最理想的样品得分为100,完全排除生成金刚石可能性的样品得分为-100。根据计算结果,含金刚石的金伯利岩最低得分为0.40,不含或含极少金刚石的岩体最高得分为-22.01,介于两者之间的过渡岩体,可视其具体情况安排工作。这个方法的主要优点,可以迅速地从一个地区获取金刚石找矿线索。     

蒙阴金伯利岩的形成温度与压力

含金刚石金伯利岩是目前已知的来源最深的岩浆岩,故金伯利岩被称为窥测地幔的窗口。研究金伯利岩的形成温度与压力,不单对研究金伯利岩和金刚石的形成条件、进而指导找矿有重要意义,而且对了解上地幔的结构、物理条件和在高温高压下形成矿物的特征也有极大意义。本文通过对蒙阴金伯利岩所含标型矿物中的包裹体测温、利用公     

鲁西地区金伯利岩的磁异常特征及物探方法有效性浅析

金伯利岩是金刚石的成矿母岩之一。鲁西地区目前已发现3条金伯利岩带,探明金刚石储量1 060万ct。搜集以往针对鲁西地区金伯利岩所做的大量磁测工作资料,对鲁西地区金伯利岩的磁异常特征进行总结,并对物探寻找金伯利岩有效性进行简要分析,认为在鲁西寻找金伯利岩,尤其是寻找隐伏的金伯利岩,需在了解地质背景的基础上,采用磁法、电法相结合,并结合已知金伯利岩的地球物理特征,综合分析验证。     

辽宁省中晚元古代—中生代页岩的化学元素丰度及其演化特征

作者利用全省不同地质时代和不同地质构造单元内的页岩41种元素的分析数据,计算出辽宁省全域内的页岩元素丰度休系。同时探讨了元素从中、晚元古代至中生代的演化规律,指出Ca、Cd、Sb、As、Na、Mn、P、Sr的元素丰度随时间序列的演化不断增长,B、F、K、Rb、W、Mg则显示出降低的趋势。某些元素比值从老至新表现出明显的规律性变化,如Sr/Ba、Ca/Mg值的演化具有阶段性,K/Na、Th/U值的演化具有方向性,Al/Ti值的演化则具有周期性。     

对金伯利岩测年方法和测年样品的探讨

金伯利岩是化学成分、矿物组成和结构多变的混杂岩,极易发生蚀变。因此,采用单一的年龄测定方法很难确定金伯利岩的侵位年龄,数据结果差别很大。该文以山东蒙阴地区金伯利岩应用的测年方法为例,对比分析了K-Ar法、Ar-Ar法、Rb-Sr法、Sm-Nd法、U-Pb法的年龄数据,探讨了不同测年方法及其选取的岩石、矿物样品的适用性。认为在符合地层对金伯利岩侵位时间约束的前提下,采用多种同位素测年方法相互印证,深入研究矿物、岩石及岩浆成因是必不可少的。     

A Preliminary Analysis of Trace-Elemental Signatures in Statoliths of Different Spawning Cohorts for Dosidicus gigas off EEZ Waters of Chile

We applied solution-based ICP-MS method to quantify the trace-elemental signatures in statoliths of jumbo flying squid, Dosidius gigas, which were collected from the waters off northern and central Chile during the scientific surveys carried out by Chinese squid jigging vessels in 2007 and 2008. The age and spawning date of the squid were back-calculated based on daily increments in statoliths. Eight elemental ratios(Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca, Mg/Ca, Mn/Ca, Na/Ca, Fe/Ca, Cu/Ca and Zn/Ca) were analyzed. It was found that Sr is the second most abundant element next to Ca, followed by Na, Fe, Mg, Zn, Cu, Ba and Mn. There was no significant relationship between element/Ca and sea surface temperature(SST) and sea surface salinity(SSS), although weak negative or positive tendency was found. MANOVA analysis showed that multivariate elemental signatures did not differ among the cohorts spawned in spring, autumn and winter, and no significant difference was found between the northern and central sampling locations. Classification results showed that all individuals of each spawned cohorts were correctly classified. This study demonstrates that the elemental signatures in D. gigas statoliths are potentially a useful tool to improve our understanding of its population structure and habitat environment.     

褶纹冠蚌珍珠中元素的定量分析

利用元素分析仪和原子吸收光谱仪分析了褶纹冠蚌(Cristaria plicata Leach)的四个不同培育阶段的珍珠的十三种元素的含量,以期从连续动态的角度探讨珍珠的形成机制。结果表明,随着育珠时间的延长,珍珠中Ca元素的含量是逐渐增加的,C和H元素的含量则是逐渐下降的。在微量元素中,Na、Cu、Zn、Mg和Sr的含量比较高,其中Na在晚期的珍珠中的含量显著高于早期的珍珠,而CuZn、Mg等其它微量元素则是在早期珍珠中的含量明显高于晚期珍珠,它们随着育珠时间的延长呈指数下降。     

A study on element-stratigraphy of Okinawa Trough

Regular distribution patterns of elements Ca, Sr, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ti, Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cr, Rb, Ba, Cd, and U in Late Quaternary strata have been studied in detail. The regional variation patterns of elements in these strata are similar to those in recent surface sediments, showing that the sedimentary environment has been relatively stable since Late Quaternary. Element distribution changes with the variations of lithological characters. Contents of Ca and Sr increase in coarse sediments, while those of other elements decrease. Na content increases in the pumice layer. Mn, content tends to increase sharply towards the surface layer. Ca content decreases sharply in strata where water depth is more than 2,000 m. The strata can be divided based on the distribution curves of element assemblages. The variations in contents of most elements in Holocene Series are smaller than those in Late Pleistocene Series, which might be related to the factors of glacial and interglacial changes, sea level fluctuations and material source differences. Contribution No. 1488 from Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

TraceeElements in Leccinum scabrum mushrooms and topsoils from Kłodzka Dale in Sudety Mountains, Poland

In the current study, we determined concentrations and transfer rates of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, P, Rb, Sr and Zn to Brown Birch Scaber Stalks (Leccinum scabrum) mushrooms emerged in the area of Sudety Mountains (Sudetes) in Poland. Fruiting bodies and topsoil samples beneath L. scabrum were collected form the K odzka Dale. The trace elements were determined using validated method and inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) for final measurement. Mushrooms contained Ag, Cr, Hg, Co, Ni and Sr at < 1.0 μg/g dry weight; Ba and Pb at ~1.0 μg/g dw; Cd at < 5 μg/g dw; Cu and Mn at > 10 μg/g dw; Al and Ca at ~100 μg/g dw; Fe, Na, Rb and Zn at 100 to 500 μg/g dw, Mg at ~1,000 μg/g dw; P at ~5,000 μg/g dw and K at ~30,000 μg/g dw. Ca, Mn and Ni were nearly equally distributed between stipes and caps; stipes compared to caps were enriched in Ba, Na and Sr, while caps were enriched in Ag, Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, P, Pb, Rb and Zn. The values of bioconcentration factor (BCF) varied highly depending on chemical element and were >1 for Ag, Cd, Cu, K, Mg, Na, P, Rb and Zn, while <1 for Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Sr. Topsoil showed elevated content of lead and mean concentration was 99 ± 32 μg/g dw, while cadmium was at 0.41 ± 0.15 and those two highly toxic to human elements occurred in edible caps of L. scabrum at 4.5 ± 2.2 and 2.9 ± 2.0 μg/g dw, respectively.     

滇西哀牢山构造岩浆岩带阿扎鲁花岗岩岩石地球化学特征及构造背景浅析

阿扎鲁岩体分布于哀牢山构造岩浆岩带中,通过野外地质调查与岩体剖面测量、岩石样品采集分析、薄片显微镜下鉴定等手段与方法,对其野外地质特征、岩石学特征及岩石地球化学特征进行了系统研究,并探讨了其形成的构造环境。研究结果表明,阿扎鲁岩体的岩性为花岗岩,岩体分布明显受断裂控制;岩石局部可见后期变质的片岩及糜棱岩,岩石具浅层侵入的特点;阿扎鲁花岗岩的A/NCK多大于1.0,为铝饱和型;具有富硅钾、低钙、贫铁、镁、钛的特点,岩石为高钾钙碱性系列。其主量元素、微量元素及稀土元素地球化学特征均表明,该岩体形成于造山期碰撞后期的弧陆碰撞阶段。      

Dynamics and relationships of Ca, Mg, Fe in litter, soil fauna and soil in Pinus koraiensis-broadleaf mixed forest

The Liangshui Natural Reserve in Heilongjiang Province of China was selected as the study area. The authors collected the samples of forest litter （Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, Acer mono, Betula costata, and mixed litter）, soil in humus horizon （0--5cm） and soil horizon （5-20cm）, and soil macrofauna （Oligochaeta, Geophiloporpha and Juliformia） from 2001 to 2002. The role of soil macrofauna in the material cycle was analyzed through comparing the macro-element contents among various parts of the subsystems and using enrichment index （El）. The results indicate that dynamic changes of various litters are very complicated. The contents of Fe in each kind of litter increase firstly, and then decrease in the study period. The changes of macro-element contents are greater in the broad-leaf litter than in the coniferous litter, and the mixed litter is in the middle level, but the differences among them are not significant. The contents of Mg and Fe in humus are higher than those in soil, but the contents of Ca in soil are higher than that in humus. The dynamic changes of macro-element contents in soil and soil fauna are not consistent with those in litter. The diplopod presented obvious enrichment of Ca and Mg （E1〉1）, but it does not significantly enrich Fe. Earthworm has a stronger enrichment ability of Fe than diplopod and scolopendra, but E1〈1. Soil fauna can make great influences on the material cycle of the subsystems.     

DISTRIBUTIVE TENDENCY OF ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS IN LIMESTONE SOILS IN EASTERN CHINA

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