Mineral constituents in common chanterelles and soils collected from a high mountain and lowland sites in Poland

This paper reported the results of the determination of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sr and Zn in Common Chanterelles (Cantharellus cibarius) Fr. and surface soil layer (0-10 cm) underneath the fruiting bodies. Mushrooms and soils were collected from a lowland site in the Hel Peninsula (Baltic Sea coast) and a high mountain site in the Tatra Mountains. The trace elements were determined using validated method and inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Common Chanterelles that emerged at sites poor in mineral nutrients podzols of the Hel Peninsula forests efficiently bioconcentrated several essential trace elements (K, P, Co, Cu, Mn, Na, Zn), while the abundance of those elements in carpophores was around half less compared to specimens from Zakopane region and which emerged in soils much richer in minerals. Common Chanterelles collected at two spatially distant background areas in Poland were only weakly contaminated with metals such as Ag, Cd, Hg and Pb. The maximum tolerable Cd and Pb contents of certain cultivated mushrooms are regulated in the European Union by law and these hazardous metals in C. cibarius were far below tolerance limits set.     

Vertical physicochemical parameter distributions and health risk assessment for trace metals in water columns in eastern Lake Tanganyika,Tanzania

The vertical distributions of trace metals and physicochemical parameters in water columns in Kigoma Bay and Kungwe Bay in eastern Lake Tanganyika, Tanzania, were studied. The Al, Ba, Ca, Co,K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Sn, Sr, and V concentrations were low and varied very little with depth. The toxic heavy metal(As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) concentrations were relatively high in the surface water, and the Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations decreased with depth. Principal component and cluster analyses indicated that the metals in the lake had three main sources. Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cu, Cr, Mn, Sr, Sn, and V were found to be geogenic; As, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn and Zn anthropogenic; and As, Ca, Co, Mg, and Na biogenic.Human health risk assessments were performed, and it was found that trace metals in the water at most of the sampling sites would cause no potential adverse ef fects or non-carcinogenic health risks through dermal contact or ingestion. However, trace metals in surface water in Kungwe Bay could have certain adverse ef fects on human health through the ingestion pathway(the total hazard quotient for ingestion(ΣHQi ng)was 1.75(a value 1 was de?ned as possibly indicating adverse ef fects). The Pb HQi ng for surface water in Kungwe Bay was 1.50 and contributed 80% of the ΣHQ_(ing_, implying that Pb pollution is a water quality and safety problem that needs to be carefully monitored and the potential sources identi?ed.     

Otolith chemical signatures of spottedtail goby Synechogobius ommaturus in coastal waters of China

This study explores the potential existence of local stocks of Synechogobius ommaturus using otolith chemical signatures. The concentrations of 10 elements (K, Ca, Na, Mg, Sr, Pb, Ba, Mn, Co, Zn) in the otoliths from eight stocks (Dandong, Dalian, Tianjin, Dongying, Weihai, Qingdao, Ganyu and Xiamen) of S. ommaturus were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and regressed against otolith weight. No significant correlation between otolith weight and concentrations of Na, Mg, Ca, Sr, Co, Ba, Zn and Pb were observed. Concentrations of K and Mn were correlated with otolith weight. Consequently, the residuals of the regressions were used instead of the original concentrations in subsequent analyses. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant difference between males and females in otolith chemical signatures. Differences were found among the locations for K, Sr, Mn, Co, Ba, Pb, but not for Ca, Na, Mg and Zn. Residuals of the regressions of elemental concentrations against otolith weight that fitted the normal distribution and homogeneity were studied by discriminant analysis. The success of the discriminant function to predict the location of S. ommaturus capture ranged from 100% for Weihai and Xiamen stocks, to only 44.4% and 62.5% for Qingdao and Dandong stocks, respectively. The average prediction success was 80.3%.     

GEOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE CORE S01 IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA

Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, K, Na, P and Sr, Ba, Rb, Ga, V, Zr, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb,Nb, Y, Th, La in the core S01 were analyzed and the pattems of their enrichment are discussed.Enrichment of Na, Fe, Mn, Ba, Cu elements in the core indicates volcanic material are an importantsoarce of the sediments in the area. The enrichment frequently varying with the deposition processshows bottom volcanism is frequent in the area and that the studied area is a margin basin with distinctoceanic characteristics. The abnormal enrichment of Mn at the layers(0-15 cm and 665-670 cm) of the core could beclosely related to and so, indicate, the wide deposition hiatus that have occurred in the West PacificOcean and adjacent margin seas since Late Pleistocene.     

BASIC GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SEDIMENTS IN THE OKINAWA TROUGH

A total of 21 elements, Si, Al, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ti, P, Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cr, Rb, Sr Ba, Cd and Corg(organic carbon), was determined in the trough. Average contents of most elements were found to be higher in the trough bottom than in the western and eastern slopes. We call these elements the indicator elements because of their "transition" property. This is in keeping with the "intermediate" geographical position of the trough where the continental crust turns to oceanic crust.Though the authigenic fraction of some elements here increases, the detrital fraction .of most elements is still dominant, indicating that the influences of terrigenous and volcanic detrital materials on the trough sediments are still dominant.The abundant biogenous component in the trough is characterized by the increase of Ca, Sr and Corg contents. Ca existes mainly in the form of CaCo3 that is mostly found in various shells. Sr often easily replaces Ca within the shells.A belt-shaped distribution pattern of elements wa     

A STUDY ON ELEMENT-STRATIGRAPHY OF OKINAWA TROUGH

Regular distribution patterns of elements Ca, Sr, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ti, Cu, Co, Ni,Zn, Ph, Cr, Rb, Ba, Cd, and U in Late Quaternary strata have been studied in detail. The regional variation patterns of elements in these strata are similar to those in recent surface sediments, showing that the sedimentary environment has been relatively stable since Late Quaternary. Element distribution changes with the variations of lithologtcal characters. Contents of Ca and Sr increase in coarse sediments, while those of other elements decrease. Na content increases in the pumice layer, Mn content tends to increase sharply towards the surface layer. Ca content decreases sharply in strata where water depth is more than 2,000m.The strata can be divided based on the distribution curves of element assemblages. The variations in contents of most elements in Holocene Series are smaller than those in Late Pleistocene Series, which might be related to the factors of glacial and interglacial changes, sea level fluctuations a     

火焰塞曼原子吸收法相对灵敏度和检出限的测定

本文用火焰塞曼原子吸收法对Ag、Au等20余种元素的相对灵敏度和检出限进行了测定。实验结果表明:塞曼分裂对各种元素的测定灵敏度均有不同程度的降低。其中Co、Cd、Hg、Ga、Au、Ni、Pb、Pd、等元素的灵敏度降低2～7％;Mg、Zn、Ca、Sb、Fe、Mn、Bi等元素降低11～27％;Ag、Sr、Na、K、Cu等元素降低38～59％。但是由于塞曼原子吸收法的特点,对SbNa、Cd、Ag、Cr、Cu、Mg、Zn、Mn、Ca、Pb等元素来说,塞曼火焰原子吸收法的检出限要低于常规火焰法。塞曼火焰法的基线也比常规火焰法稳定的多,这就显示了塞曼仪器的优越性。此外本文还对实验结果及仪器性能等进行了讨论。     

辽宁金伯利岩地球化学特征

辽宁金伯利岩地质—地球化学研究结果表明,辽宁金伯利岩主元素丰度较世界金伯利岩的平均成分,显示富Ca、Al和贫K、Na、Mg、Si,碱度偏低;与南非、苏联和我国山东含金刚石金伯利岩相比,Fe 质偏高。辽宁金伯利岩含矿程度由富到贫,有 Fe、Mg 组分增高,Ca 质降低,微量元素多趋富集的总体变化趋势。辽南金伯利岩较辽北金伯利岩具有碱性程度相对偏高,V、Li、Rb、Nb、La、Sn、Mo、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、Ba、Cd、B、S、F 等元素相对富集,Co、Ni、Cr、Th、Bi、Au、As、Sb、Hg、Sr 等元素相对贫化的特点。二者的元素组合和相关特征有明显差别。辽南金伯利岩 Na、Ca、Mn 3元素的相关组合特征是富、贫(中)金刚石金伯利岩的一个地球化学标志。     

Geochemical Characteristics and Sources of Some Chemical Components in Sediments of Zhuiiang（Pearl） River Estuary

Sediment cores with length of 25 - 45cm at 12 stations in Zhujiang(Pearl) River Estuary were sampled in summer of 1999. Chemical components (Al2O3 , Fe2O3, CaO, TiO2, Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn, Co, Ni, V, Ba, Sr and Y) and grain sizes were analyzed. Sediments in Zhujiang River Estuary are characterized by relatively coarse grain size. The grain sizes of the sediments in the area outside the estuary are relatively finer than those in the north part of the estuary but coarser than those in the middle of Lingdingyang and have a trend similar to the spatial distribution trend of some chemical components such as Fe2O3, Al2O3, TiO2, V, Cu, Ni, Zn and Y. This showed that grain size is an important factor that controls the spatial distribution and depth profile of chemical elements in the Zhujiang River Estuary. Frequent re-suspension, re-transportation and redistribution of settled sediment on estuary floor could be deduced from the spatial distributions and depth profiles of chemical components. Except for CaO and Sr, the chemical components always enrich at the west side of, in the middle of, and at the north side of, the estuary. Fe2O3, Al2O3, Ti, V, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu and Y in Zhujiang River Estuary sediments mainly result from rock and soil weathering except that parts of Cr, Ni, Zn Cu and Y are anthropogenic. CaO and Sr in sediments originate from marine source. Although Co as well as Pb derives from anthropogenic sources, human activities related to Co might differ from the activities related to Pb.     

Preliminary comparison of trace metals in coastal aerosols between Qingdao and Liverpool

Aerosol samples were collected at two coastal suburban stations, Qingdao （China） in 1995-1996 and Liverpool （U.K.） in 1995, respectively. The samples were analyzed to determine the concentrations of trace metals （Cr, Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb, V, and Cd） as well as A1, Fe and Mn. Data were examined to understand the difference of trace metals in aerosols between coastal zones downwind the developing area （near the Yellow Sea） and developed region （near the Irish Sea）. The results show that most elements at Qingdao have levels 4-5 times higher than those at Liverpool, particularly for the crust-dominated elements （e.g. Al, Fe and Mn）. Moreover, the aerosol composition at Qingdao is higher in spring than in summer, underlying the influence of westerlies and local emissions in combination, whereas seasonal change of aerosol composition is not significant at Liverpool. The enrichment factors for the crustal source elements （EFcrust） at Liverpool are much higher than those at Qingdao. The contributions from the pollutant source （Rp） for some trace metals like Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd are 〉90% at Qingdao and Liverpool, suggesting overwhelming anthropogenic contributions to these metals. The contributions from crustal source （Re） for trace metals tend to increase with higher aerosol levels and Al concentration at Qingdao, indicating a good correlation between the crust-dominated component and the air mass. At Liverpool, the Rc values for trace metals are positively correlated with Al concentrations instead of with aerosol mass, suggesting that Al in aerosols represents the crustal component even though the aerosols come from different sources.     

Spatial Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediment of Songhua River,Northeast China

The Songhua River, one of the seven major rivers in China, locates in Northeast China with 1897 km long. This study aims to investigate the concentrations, distribution, source apportionment and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals including copper(Cu),zinc(Zn), cadmium(Cd), lead(Pb), nickel(Ni) and chromium(Cr) in main stream and tributaries of the Songhua River in Jilin Province, Northeast China. Surface sediment samples(0–15 cm) were collected from 39 sampling sites in the Songhua River in July2012. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni and Cr were analyzed. The mean concentrations of heavy metals were(24.0 ± 9.2) mg/kg,(59.3 ± 18.0) mg/kg,(4.0 ± 2.1) mg/kg,(39.0 ± 27.9) mg/kg,(18.5 ± 8.6) mg/kg and(56.1 ± 17.6) mg/kg for Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr and Ni,respectively. The average contents of Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr and Ni were higher than their background values. Higher concentrations of heavy metals were found in the lower reaches with industrial enterprises and cities along the Songhua River. Zn, Pb and Ni might come from industrial sewage and mineral processing, while Cu and Cd were derived from electroplating wastewater and agricultural non-point source sewage. Cr originated from lithogenic sources. The concentrations of Cu, Zn and Cr were below the effect range low(ERL) at all sites, while Cd, Pb and Ni concentrations were detected ranging from ERL to the effect range median(ERM) at more than 15% of samples. Concentrations of Ni exceeded ERM in more than 50% of samples. The mean toxic units of heavy metals in the Songhua River decreased following the order: Cd(6.7) Pb(2.2) Ni(1.6) Cu(0.7) Cr(0.5) = Zn(0.5). Potential ecological risk index was found to be higher in middle and lower reaches of the Songhua River, where Cd could impose an extremely high ecological risk.     

辽宁省中晚元古代—中生代页岩的化学元素丰度及其演化特征

作者利用全省不同地质时代和不同地质构造单元内的页岩41种元素的分析数据,计算出辽宁省全域内的页岩元素丰度休系。同时探讨了元素从中、晚元古代至中生代的演化规律,指出Ca、Cd、Sb、As、Na、Mn、P、Sr的元素丰度随时间序列的演化不断增长,B、F、K、Rb、W、Mg则显示出降低的趋势。某些元素比值从老至新表现出明显的规律性变化,如Sr/Ba、Ca/Mg值的演化具有阶段性,K/Na、Th/U值的演化具有方向性,Al/Ti值的演化则具有周期性。     

Coral Ba/Ca and Mn/Ca ratios as proxies of precipitation and terrestrial input at the eastern offshore area of Hainan Island

Geochemical ratios in coral reef skeletons could be used as proxies to reconstruct past climatological and environmental records in data-poor regions. Using a 103-year data set(1902 to 2005), the annual variations in Ba/Ca and Mn/Ca ratios of Porites lutea skeletons at an eastern offshore area of Hainan Island(19?12'28.4'N, 110?37'38.8'E) were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-optic emission spectrometry(ICP-OES). The analysis results showed that Ba/Ca ratios varied from a minimum of 3.120 μmol mol~(-1) in 1903 to a maximum of 10.064 μmol mol~(-1) in 1944, with an average of 5.256 μmol mol~(-1). Mn/Ca ratios varied from 0.206 to 5.708 μmol mol~(-1) with an annual average of 1.234 μmol mol~(-1), with peak values in 2001, 1964 and 1932, that correlated with strong rainfall events caused by typhoons. Variation in Ba/Ca and Mn/Ca ratios were compared with available river discharge and precipitation records, providing insight into past climatological events. Human activities and their indirect effects could impact the strength of the relationship between Ba/Ca and Mn/Ca ratios and observed precipitation and terrestrial input in the future.     

Heavy metal concentration and its evaluation in the organisms from Meizhou Bay

The present paper reports Zn,Cu,Pb,Cd,Ni,Fe,Mn and Co contents in the tissues of oyster,solen,red-tail prawn,sea eel and kelp,taken from Meizhou Bay(and analysed by flame atomicabsorption spectrophotometry after wet digestion)in June 1992,and also the concentration factors esti-mated from the mean metal concentrations in the organisms and water there.Heavy metal concentrationsin every species of the organisms followed the pattern:Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn>Pb,Cd,Ni,Co and in variousorganisms showed considerable variation.In general,levels of most of these metals were in the order:softtissues of the bivalves>the kelp>muscles of the red-tail prawn,the sea eel.The greatest concentrationof most metals was found in the gill or viscera of the sea eel,whereas the muscle tissues,in general,con-tained only low concentrations of them.The Cu,Zn concentration factors of the oyster were higher by1—2 orders of magnitude than that of the other organisms.The observed heavy metal levels were closeto those reported from various waters     

Distribution pattern and geochemical analysis of rare earth elements in deep-ocean sediments

The content and distribution pattern of rare earth elements(REEs) in surface sediments from the Eastern and Western Pacific Ocean,the Northern and Southern Atlantic Ocean,and the Southwestern Indian Ocean were explored and the resources and geochemical characteristics of REEs in deep-ocean sediments from different oceans were studied.The total REE abundances(∑EE) in the different oceans ranged as follows:Eastern Pacific,56.88-500.02 μg/g;Western Pacific,290.68-439.94 μg/g;Northern Atlantic,55.3 3-154.90 μg/g;Southern Atlantic,40.83-69.30 μg/g;and Southwestern Indian Ocean,20.24-64.76 μg/g.Their corresponding LREE(La-Eu)/HREE(Gd-Lu) average values were 5.18,5.86,9.01,5.21,and 4.59,which indicated that the light REEs were all evidently enriched.δEu and δCe showed slight Eu-negative anomalies and significant Ce-positive anomalies in all sediments.Although the contents of REEs in the sediments varied among the different oceans,the distribution patterns of REEs were similar,and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.929 0.In the Eastern Pacific sediments,TREE showed a significantly positive correlation with Co,Cu,Zn,Mn,Mo and a weak correlation with Fe.In the Western Pacific and Southern Atlantic sediments,TREE presented no obvious correlation and a weakly negative correlation with Co,Cu,Zn,Mn,Mo and Fe,respectively.TREE in the Southwestern Indian Ocean sediments positively correlated with Cu,Zn,Mn,Mo,Fe,and had a weakly negative correlation with Co.     

TBP萃取色层分离测定黄铁矿中金、银等九项元素

本文所述的是测定黄铁矿中九项元素的方法;按分析流程,0.2g试样可完成25项的测定.本文重点论述了用聚三氟氯乙烯-TBP萃取色层分离Au与Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cd、Mn和Co的试验.洗脱液用以测定Au,流出液测定其他八个元素,所有元素均定量回收.     

ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN THE TAIHU LAKE SEDIMENT

The concentrations of major elements and some trace elements were determined at 8 core locations in Taihu Lake. The chemical composition of the cores was related to the sediment particle size-chronology and location of sampling site.Concentrations of Al, Mg, K, Ca and Na, the major mineral species in the sediments, were generally uniform, with only slight fluctuation influenced by water waves and current. Surface enrichment of Cu, Zn, and Ni at some locations was observed to be greater than that of the sediments accumulated 100 years ago. The enrichment of these elements is attributed to anthropogenic input in recent years. Concentration profiles for Mn and Fe are related to the migration of these elements in the pore water.     

湖北神农架地区南华系大塘坡组元素地球化学特征

湖北神农架地区南华系大塘坡组属于间冰期沉积,目前对其沉积地层及古环境等方面的认识有限。在神农架地区南华系大塘坡组野外调查的基础上,利用元素地球化学分析测试资料,系统研究了该地区大塘坡组古环境特征及其对油气勘探的意义。CaO/(CaO+Fe)、Sr/Ba、Rb/K、K/Na值表明神农架地区大塘坡组沉积水体盐度整体为中—低盐度,其中大九湖剖面沉积水体盐度比宋洛剖面沉积水体高。氧化-还原性敏感元素相关参数V/(V+Ni)、Ni/Co、Ce_(anom)值研究表明,神农架地区南华系大塘坡组沉积于弱氧化—弱还原水体。CIA、ICV、Sr/Cu、Sr/Ba、Rb/Sr、Mg/Ca值和Sr含量等研究表明,神农架地区大塘坡组沉积期属于温暖湿润气候环境。总有机碳(TOC)、古生物资料以及Cu和Ba含量综合分析表明神农架地区大塘坡组沉积期温暖湿润气候以及合适的水体条件,为藻类的大量繁殖提供了优越的环境,并为大塘坡组优质烃源岩的发育提供了充足的有机质来源。     

光谱深孔空腔加热载体蒸馏法定量测定化探样品的26项元素

文本叙述了采用深孔空腔电极,以碘化铵饱和溶液为载体的深孔空腔加热载体蒸馏法。此法可同时测定26项元素:Ag、Sn、Ga、In、Ge、Tl、Bi、As、Sb、Cu、Pb、Zn、P、Cd、Li、B、Fe、Co、Ni、Cr、Mn、V、Ti、Be、Ba、Mo。其检出限均满足化探分析要求,单次摄谱均方误差2.2～22.4%。     

胶东大邓格金—多金属矿床热液蚀变过程中的元素迁移

为探讨胶东大邓格金—多金属矿床热液蚀变过程中元素的迁移规律及其与矿化的关系,本文对不同蚀变程度的赋矿围岩和矿体进行了岩石地球化学分析,采用元素迁移质量平衡计算方法（Isocon）,以Al2O3作为不活动组分进行了质量平衡计算。研究表明：从远矿围岩到近矿围岩主要发育绢英岩化蚀变,Mg、Na、Ti、P、Ca、Zn、Ni、Pb、Be、Sr、Th、U、Zr、Li、V、Nb、Ga、Ta、Sc、Hf、REE（除La、Ce、Pr）等元素迁入,Si、K、Cu、Cr、Co等元素迁出,Fe、Mn、Rb平均含量基本不变;从近矿围岩到矿体主要发育黄铁绢英岩化蚀变,Fe、Na、Mn、Ti、Mg、Cu、Zn、Sr、V、Sc、Zr、Co、REE等元素迁入,K、Ni、Pb、Be、Li、Rb、Cs、Th、U、Cr、Nb、Ta等元素迁出,Si、Al、P、Ca、Ga、Hf平均含量基本不变。Cu、Zn等成矿元素在绢英岩化过程中被活化进入成矿流体中,在黄铁绢英岩化过程中沉淀,形成黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿等硫化物。受古太平洋板片俯冲后撤的影响,胶东地区在中生代发生了大规模的岩浆活动和强烈的地壳隆升,所产生的热隆伸展构造为该区大规模成矿提供了有利条件在围岩蚀变过程中,Au可能以［Au(HS)2］络合物的形式进行迁移。伴随着热液蚀变过程中成矿流体的不断演化,氧逸度降低,体系处于还原环境,大量与金矿化相关的硫化物（黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿等）伴随金沉淀富集成矿。