ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN THE TAIHU LAKE SEDIMENT

The concentrations of major elements and some trace elements were determined at 8 core locations in Taihu Lake. The chemical composition of the cores was related to the sediment particle size-chronology and location of sampling site.Concentrations of Al, Mg, K, Ca and Na, the major mineral species in the sediments, were generally uniform, with only slight fluctuation influenced by water waves and current. Surface enrichment of Cu, Zn, and Ni at some locations was observed to be greater than that of the sediments accumulated 100 years ago. The enrichment of these elements is attributed to anthropogenic input in recent years. Concentration profiles for Mn and Fe are related to the migration of these elements in the pore water.     

TraceeElements in Leccinum scabrum mushrooms and topsoils from Kłodzka Dale in Sudety Mountains, Poland

In the current study, we determined concentrations and transfer rates of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, P, Rb, Sr and Zn to Brown Birch Scaber Stalks (Leccinum scabrum) mushrooms emerged in the area of Sudety Mountains (Sudetes) in Poland. Fruiting bodies and topsoil samples beneath L. scabrum were collected form the K odzka Dale. The trace elements were determined using validated method and inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) for final measurement. Mushrooms contained Ag, Cr, Hg, Co, Ni and Sr at < 1.0 μg/g dry weight; Ba and Pb at ~1.0 μg/g dw; Cd at < 5 μg/g dw; Cu and Mn at > 10 μg/g dw; Al and Ca at ~100 μg/g dw; Fe, Na, Rb and Zn at 100 to 500 μg/g dw, Mg at ~1,000 μg/g dw; P at ~5,000 μg/g dw and K at ~30,000 μg/g dw. Ca, Mn and Ni were nearly equally distributed between stipes and caps; stipes compared to caps were enriched in Ba, Na and Sr, while caps were enriched in Ag, Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, P, Pb, Rb and Zn. The values of bioconcentration factor (BCF) varied highly depending on chemical element and were >1 for Ag, Cd, Cu, K, Mg, Na, P, Rb and Zn, while <1 for Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Sr. Topsoil showed elevated content of lead and mean concentration was 99 ± 32 μg/g dw, while cadmium was at 0.41 ± 0.15 and those two highly toxic to human elements occurred in edible caps of L. scabrum at 4.5 ± 2.2 and 2.9 ± 2.0 μg/g dw, respectively.     

A Preliminary Analysis of Trace-Elemental Signatures in Statoliths of Different Spawning Cohorts for Dosidicus gigas off EEZ Waters of Chile

We applied solution-based ICP-MS method to quantify the trace-elemental signatures in statoliths of jumbo flying squid, Dosidius gigas, which were collected from the waters off northern and central Chile during the scientific surveys carried out by Chinese squid jigging vessels in 2007 and 2008. The age and spawning date of the squid were back-calculated based on daily increments in statoliths. Eight elemental ratios(Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca, Mg/Ca, Mn/Ca, Na/Ca, Fe/Ca, Cu/Ca and Zn/Ca) were analyzed. It was found that Sr is the second most abundant element next to Ca, followed by Na, Fe, Mg, Zn, Cu, Ba and Mn. There was no significant relationship between element/Ca and sea surface temperature(SST) and sea surface salinity(SSS), although weak negative or positive tendency was found. MANOVA analysis showed that multivariate elemental signatures did not differ among the cohorts spawned in spring, autumn and winter, and no significant difference was found between the northern and central sampling locations. Classification results showed that all individuals of each spawned cohorts were correctly classified. This study demonstrates that the elemental signatures in D. gigas statoliths are potentially a useful tool to improve our understanding of its population structure and habitat environment.     

Mineral constituents in common chanterelles and soils collected from a high mountain and lowland sites in Poland

This paper reported the results of the determination of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sr and Zn in Common Chanterelles (Cantharellus cibarius) Fr. and surface soil layer (0-10 cm) underneath the fruiting bodies. Mushrooms and soils were collected from a lowland site in the Hel Peninsula (Baltic Sea coast) and a high mountain site in the Tatra Mountains. The trace elements were determined using validated method and inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Common Chanterelles that emerged at sites poor in mineral nutrients podzols of the Hel Peninsula forests efficiently bioconcentrated several essential trace elements (K, P, Co, Cu, Mn, Na, Zn), while the abundance of those elements in carpophores was around half less compared to specimens from Zakopane region and which emerged in soils much richer in minerals. Common Chanterelles collected at two spatially distant background areas in Poland were only weakly contaminated with metals such as Ag, Cd, Hg and Pb. The maximum tolerable Cd and Pb contents of certain cultivated mushrooms are regulated in the European Union by law and these hazardous metals in C. cibarius were far below tolerance limits set.     

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SEDIMENTS AND ANALYSIS OF THE CHANGJIANG ESTUARY ENVIRONMENT

Analysis of material from three 55- cm long cores collected with box corer m summer of 1988 in the Changjiang Estuary region yielded data on the sedimentation rate, granulometric composition and contents of carbonates, organic matter, Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Pb there. Subsequent study of the data led to the conclusion that there is no obvious pollution in the region based on the absolute value of the content of heavy metals, but the region is in potential danger of being polluted as seen by the obvious increase of sedimentation flux of heavy metals to and the enrichment of them on the surface sediment during the last several years, e.g. Pb increased by 10-20μg/g, Zn by about 30μg/g, Cu by 5-10μg/g and Mn by 150μg/g.A ferromanganese redox interface was found at about 40 cm depth of sediments where Fe and Mn and associated trace metals are enriched. The trace metals such as Zn, Cu have (but Pb does not) the same source, forms, displacement mechanism and geochemical behaviours as those of Fe and Mn in t     

山东省黄河下游地区浅层地下水地球化学特征与环境质量评价

浅层地下水调查是山东省黄河下游流域生态地球化学调查项目中的一项工作内容。调查是按每16 km2采集1件浅层地下水样品的密度,分析测试As,Ba,Be,Ca,Cd,Co,Cu,Fe,Hg,Pb,Se,Zn,F-,Cl-,Cr6 ,NO2-,COD,pH等33项指标;通过对这些指标在浅层地下水中的背景变化规律研究认为:调查区内浅层地下水中各指标含量起伏变化大,局部富集程度高,特别是As,Fe,K,La,Sb,Sn,Zn,Cl-,NO2-等指标的变异系数均>3.0,说明这些指标在浅层地下水中分布极不均匀,虽然背景含量较低,但在局部地段会形成高含量区,影响浅层地下水质量。选择As,Ba,Be,Cd,Co,Cu,Fe,Hg,Mn,Mo,Ni,Pb,Se,Zn,F-,Cl-,Cr6 ,NO2-,COD,pH等20项指标,按《地下水环境质量标准》中的要求,对浅层地下水环境质量进行的单项组分和综合评价结果显示,达到较好级以上者不足9%,而较差和极差级者达90%以上,表明调查区内浅层地下水环境污染状况较为严重。     

辽宁金伯利岩地球化学特征

辽宁金伯利岩地质—地球化学研究结果表明,辽宁金伯利岩主元素丰度较世界金伯利岩的平均成分,显示富Ca、Al和贫K、Na、Mg、Si,碱度偏低;与南非、苏联和我国山东含金刚石金伯利岩相比,Fe 质偏高。辽宁金伯利岩含矿程度由富到贫,有 Fe、Mg 组分增高,Ca 质降低,微量元素多趋富集的总体变化趋势。辽南金伯利岩较辽北金伯利岩具有碱性程度相对偏高,V、Li、Rb、Nb、La、Sn、Mo、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、Ba、Cd、B、S、F 等元素相对富集,Co、Ni、Cr、Th、Bi、Au、As、Sb、Hg、Sr 等元素相对贫化的特点。二者的元素组合和相关特征有明显差别。辽南金伯利岩 Na、Ca、Mn 3元素的相关组合特征是富、贫(中)金刚石金伯利岩的一个地球化学标志。     

A study on element-stratigraphy of Okinawa Trough

Regular distribution patterns of elements Ca, Sr, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ti, Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cr, Rb, Ba, Cd, and U in Late Quaternary strata have been studied in detail. The regional variation patterns of elements in these strata are similar to those in recent surface sediments, showing that the sedimentary environment has been relatively stable since Late Quaternary. Element distribution changes with the variations of lithological characters. Contents of Ca and Sr increase in coarse sediments, while those of other elements decrease. Na content increases in the pumice layer. Mn, content tends to increase sharply towards the surface layer. Ca content decreases sharply in strata where water depth is more than 2,000 m. The strata can be divided based on the distribution curves of element assemblages. The variations in contents of most elements in Holocene Series are smaller than those in Late Pleistocene Series, which might be related to the factors of glacial and interglacial changes, sea level fluctuations and material source differences. Contribution No. 1488 from Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

Geochemistry of re and trace elements in ferromanganese nodules and their genesis

Trace and RE element geochemistry and genesis have been studied with respect to ferromanganese nodules from the sediments of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans.     

The influence of seafloor hydrothermal activity on major and trace elements of the sediments from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Sediment samples obtained from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge were analyzed for the major and trace elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results revealed that the contents of elements (e.g., Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, V, Co) were high in samples 22V-TVG10 and 26V-TVG05 from the sites near the hydrothermal areas, and low in sample 22V-TVG14, which was collected far from the hydrothermal areas. The contents of Ca, Sr and Ba in the samples showed opposite trends. A positive correlation between the concentrations of metallic elements (Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Pb, V) and Fe in the samples were observed. These results are consistent with chemical evolution of the dispersing hydrothermal plume.     

Preliminary comparison of trace metals in coastal aerosols between Qingdao and Liverpool

Aerosol samples were collected at two coastal suburban stations, Qingdao （China） in 1995-1996 and Liverpool （U.K.） in 1995, respectively. The samples were analyzed to determine the concentrations of trace metals （Cr, Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb, V, and Cd） as well as A1, Fe and Mn. Data were examined to understand the difference of trace metals in aerosols between coastal zones downwind the developing area （near the Yellow Sea） and developed region （near the Irish Sea）. The results show that most elements at Qingdao have levels 4-5 times higher than those at Liverpool, particularly for the crust-dominated elements （e.g. Al, Fe and Mn）. Moreover, the aerosol composition at Qingdao is higher in spring than in summer, underlying the influence of westerlies and local emissions in combination, whereas seasonal change of aerosol composition is not significant at Liverpool. The enrichment factors for the crustal source elements （EFcrust） at Liverpool are much higher than those at Qingdao. The contributions from the pollutant source （Rp） for some trace metals like Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd are 〉90% at Qingdao and Liverpool, suggesting overwhelming anthropogenic contributions to these metals. The contributions from crustal source （Re） for trace metals tend to increase with higher aerosol levels and Al concentration at Qingdao, indicating a good correlation between the crust-dominated component and the air mass. At Liverpool, the Rc values for trace metals are positively correlated with Al concentrations instead of with aerosol mass, suggesting that Al in aerosols represents the crustal component even though the aerosols come from different sources.     

Compositional variations in manganese nodules collected from the North Penrhyn Basin

Manganese nodules collected from the North Penrhyn Basin are characterized by low content of Mn and Fe, medium content of Ni and Cu, and medium Mn/Fe ratios. The average content of Ni plus Co is 1.11%, maximum 1.89%. Ni content slightly exceeds the Cu content in the nodules. Ni and Cu are strongly correlated with Mn, whereas Co is strongly correlated with Fe. Nodules containing Ni+Cu+Co near or in excess of 1% are rich in Mn and have a high Mn/Fe ratio. Those with highest content of Ni+Cu+Co are concentrated at or near the carbonate compensation depth. Nodules metal contents vary with latitude and have a reciprocal relationship with abundance. Contents of Mn, Ni, Cu and Ni+Cu+Co are high in nodules found at 2–6°S and vary decreasingly toward 1°N and 12°S, whereas Co content varies increasingly from 2°S towards 12°S. Nodule compositional variations with latitude are controlled by biological productivity, carbonate compensation depth, sedimentation rate, and bottom current.     

BIOGEOCHEMICAL MECHANISM OF POSTDEPOSITIONAL MIGRATION OF Fe AND Mn IN LAKE AHA, CHINA

I.INTRODUCTIONLakeAhaisamedium--sizedartificialreservoirwithseasonallyanoxichypolirnnion,andawaterresourceofGuizhouProvince,China,builtin1958,workedin1960andexpandedin1982.Ithasadrainagebasinof190kmZwithaverageannualtemperatureof15.3tandprecipitationof1109rum.Openplantcover,containiflgshrubandgrass,surroundsthelake,andsialliticandstfeteyellowsoilisdevelopedonPe~ianlimestoneandcoallayer,meanwhile,OThisprojectwassupportedbytheNationalNaturalaudienceFOundationofChinaandtheaudienceFOund…     

Potential Effects of Episodic Deposition on Nutrients and Heavy Metals in Decomposing Litters of Suaeda glauca in Salt Marsh of the Yellow River Estuary,China

Episodic deposition has been recognized as a major factor affecting the decomposition rate of detrital material in salt marshes. In this paper, three one-off burial treatments, no burial treatment(0 cm, NBT), current burial treatment(10 cm, CBT) and strong burial treatment(20 cm, SBT), were designed in intertidal zone of the Yellow River Estuary to determine the potential influences of episodic deposition on nutrient(C, N) and heavy metal(Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cd, V and Co) variations in decomposing litters of Suaeda glauca. Results showed that although various burial treatments showed no statistical difference in decomposition rate of S. glauca, the values generally followed the sequence of CBT(0.002 403/d) SBT(0.002 195/d) NBT(0.002 060/d). The nutrients and heavy metals in decomposing litters of the three burial treatments exhibited different variations except for N, Cu, Cr, Ni and Co. Except for Mn, no significant differences in C, N, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, V and Co concentrations occurred among the three treatments(P 0.05). With increasing burial depth, Cr and Cd levels generally increased while Cu, Ni and Mn concentrations decreased. Although episodic deposition was generally favorable for C and N release from S. glauca, its influence on release was insignificant. In the three burial treatments, Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni, Mn, V and Co stocks in S. glauca generally evidenced the export of metals from litter to environment, and, with increasing burial depth, the export amounts increased greatly. The S. glauca were particular efficient in binding Cd and releasing Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni, Mn, V and Co, and, with increasing burial depth, stocks of Cu in decomposing litters generally shifted from release to accumulation. The experiment indicated that the potential eco-toxic risk of Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni, Mn, V and Co exposure would be serious as the strong burial episodes occurred in S. glauca marsh.     

中国大肠癌与土壤环境中元素的相关性研究

利用土壤元素资料2069448个数据,大肠癌死亡调查资料42480例,研究了大肠癌死亡率与土壤环境中砷、镉、钴、铬、铜、氟、汞、锰、镍、铅、硒、钒、锌、锂、钠、钾、铷、铯、银、铍、镁、钙、锶、钡、硼、铝、镓、铟、铊、钪、钇、镧、铈、镨、钕、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱、镥、钍、铀、锗、锡、钛、锆、铪、锑、铋、钽、碲、钼、钨、溴、碘、铁等61个元素的相关性.结果表明.砷、钒、铯、铊、铀、锑元素与大肠癌死亡率有相关性.等级相关分数分别为-0.5123(p＜0.005),-0.3179(p＜0.05),-0.3190(p＜0.05),-0.4552(p＜0.01),-0.4857(p＜0.005),-0.3232(p＜0.05)     

Geochemical Characteristics and Sources of Some Chemical Components in Sediments of Zhuiiang（Pearl） River Estuary

Sediment cores with length of 25 - 45cm at 12 stations in Zhujiang(Pearl) River Estuary were sampled in summer of 1999. Chemical components (Al2O3 , Fe2O3, CaO, TiO2, Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn, Co, Ni, V, Ba, Sr and Y) and grain sizes were analyzed. Sediments in Zhujiang River Estuary are characterized by relatively coarse grain size. The grain sizes of the sediments in the area outside the estuary are relatively finer than those in the north part of the estuary but coarser than those in the middle of Lingdingyang and have a trend similar to the spatial distribution trend of some chemical components such as Fe2O3, Al2O3, TiO2, V, Cu, Ni, Zn and Y. This showed that grain size is an important factor that controls the spatial distribution and depth profile of chemical elements in the Zhujiang River Estuary. Frequent re-suspension, re-transportation and redistribution of settled sediment on estuary floor could be deduced from the spatial distributions and depth profiles of chemical components. Except for CaO and Sr, the chemical components always enrich at the west side of, in the middle of, and at the north side of, the estuary. Fe2O3, Al2O3, Ti, V, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu and Y in Zhujiang River Estuary sediments mainly result from rock and soil weathering except that parts of Cr, Ni, Zn Cu and Y are anthropogenic. CaO and Sr in sediments originate from marine source. Although Co as well as Pb derives from anthropogenic sources, human activities related to Co might differ from the activities related to Pb.     

东太平洋CC区多金属结核铂族元素(PGEs)的特征及其意义

为了研究多金属结核的成矿机理,对中国大洋第45航次在东太平洋CC区（Clarion-Clipperton zone）所获得的20枚多金属结核进行了主量、微量及铂族元素分析测试,并与其他区域不同类型的多金属结核进行了对比。结果表明,研究区多金属结核基本为混合型结核,其PGEs总质量分数（w（ΣPGE））为77.2×10-9~197×10-9,平均值为136×10-9,明显低于库克（Cook）岛海域典型的水成型结核的值（w（ΣPGE）=306×10-9）;研究区结核球粒陨石标准化PGEs配分模式与水成型结核及富钴结壳非常相似,均呈现明显的Pt正异常及从Os到Pt逐渐富集、从Pt到Pd逐渐亏损的特征,结合海水的PGEs配分特征及前人研究结果,表明结核中PGEs应该直接来源于海水;研究区多金属结核w（ΣPGE）与w（Fe₂O₃）表现为正相关,与w（MnO）表现为负相关,而Cook岛海域水成型结核w（ΣPGEs）则与w（MnO）表现为正相关,与w（Fe₂O₃）表现为负相关,表明不同成因类型的多金属结核PGEs的赋存载体有所不同,水成型结核中PGEs主要赋存在锰矿物相中,而混合-成岩型结核则主要赋存在铁矿物相中,且成岩作用越强,结核富集PGEs的能力越低。研究成果对于东太平洋多金属结核成矿机理及其赋存载体研究有一定的指示意义。      

Dynamics and Relationships of Ca,Mg,Fe in Litter,Soil Fauna and Soil in Pinus koraiensis-Broadleaf Mixed Forest

The Liangshui Natural Reserve in Heilongjiang Province of China was selected as the study area.The authors collected the samples of forest litter (Tilia amurensis,Fraxinus mandshurica,Pinus koraiensis,Acer mono,Betula costata,and mixed litter),soil in humus horizon (0-5cm) and soil horizon (5-20cm),and soil macrofauna (Oligochaeta,Geophiloporpha and Juliformia) from 2001 to 2002.The role of soil macrofauna in the material cycle was analyzed through comparing the macro-element contents among various parts of the subsystems and using enrichment index (EI).The results indicate that dynamic changes of various litters are very complicated.The contents of Fe in each kind of litter increase firstly,and then decrease in the study period.The changes of macro-element contents are greater in the broad-leaf litter than in the coniferous litter,and the mixed litter is in the middle level,but the differences among them are not significant.The contents of Mg and Fe in humus are higher than those in soil,but the contents of Ca in soil are higher than that in humus.The dynamic changes of macro-element contents in soil and soil fauna are not consistent with those in litter.The diplopod presented obvious enrichment of Ca and Mg (EI>1),but it does not significantly enrich Fe.Earthworm has a stronger enrichment ability of Fe than diplopod and scolopendra,but EI<1.Soil fauna can make great influences on the material cycle of the subsystems.     

山东省定陶地区富锶土壤地质成因研究

为研究山东省定陶地区土壤富锶的地质成因,更好地规划潜在富锶土壤种植区域,指导农业生产,发展绿色经济,本文在对该区土壤样品的相关元素化验分析的基础上,进行了定陶地区富锶土壤的沉积环境分析、黄河故道变迁分析和水化学分析。通过研究分析发现,土壤中富集的锶非当地风化沉积而成,而是从锶含量较高的区域搬运而来。历史上黄河故道曾流经研究区,并且该区全部位于黄泛区内,黄河源头及流经区域多处富含锶矿及锶含量高的岩石,研究区土壤元素Sr/Cu值显示古沉积环境为湿润的,说明由富锶区域水流搬运而来。黄河故道流经研究区,其源头为产出天青石矿的大省,研究区地下水中为HCO3-Na型,地下水中Sr与SO2-4为极显著相关,相关系数为0.719,远大于与HCO3的相关系数,符合天青石矿与水作用规律。进一步验证了研究区富锶土壤为黄河故道沉积而来,推测研究区锶为黄河故道沉积得来,沉积速度为0.5~1.6cm/a。     

A study of iron and manganese in the western Mid-Pacific

Our study on the horizontal and vertical distribution, change pattern, and migration form origin of iron and manganese and the factors affecting them in surface sediment in the western Mid-Pacific and in columnar sediment of station L 2032 is introduced. The author inferred the lysocline and compensation depth of the ocean by using the content changes of Fe and Mn; differentiated rapidly sedimentation types by using the difference of Fe and Mn contents, estimated tentatively their contents in different sediments by using the dyeability of Fe and Mn. The author notes that the economically valuable Fe−Mn nodules can be formed during Fe−Mn deposition in the ocean and that in studies on Fe and Mn deposition, the affecting factors should be analyzed comprehensively.