凡纳滨对虾翻译控制肿瘤蛋白Fortilin的毕赤酵母表达及其对血细胞免疫反应的影响

翻译控制肿瘤蛋白Fortilin是1种多功能蛋白,参与重要的细胞活动.并且,对虾fortilin通过抑制病毒复制干扰病毒感染.参照Genbank中fortilin基因序列设计引物,PCR扩增得到凡纳滨对虾fortilin目的基因片段,EcoR I/XbaI双酶切插入表达载体pGAPZαA,转化大肠杆菌,经博来霉素(Zeocin)抗性筛选及测序分析,获得分泌型重组酵母表达载体pGAPZαA-F.酶切线性化后,经电穿孔法转入毕赤酵母细胞X-33,经Zeocin抗性筛选,得到阳性转化子.表达产物的上清液经SDS- PAGE电泳和质谱分析,表明在酵母中成功表达fortilin.以体外原代培养的对虾血细胞检测重组蛋白的免疫活性,结果显示重组蛋白显著提高了血细胞酚氧化酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性.该结果为下一步研究重组fortilin 在对虾养殖中的应用奠定了基础.     

中国明对虾血蓝蛋白C末端片段在毕赤酵母中的表达及其抗菌活性

为研究中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)血蓝蛋白C末端(FcHC-C)的抗菌功能,将血蓝蛋白基因FcHC的2个C末端基因片段连接到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K中,构建酵母表达载体pPIC9K/FcHC-C。该载体经SalI酶切后,采用PEG法转化毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris GS115)。转化子经过PCR鉴定后,阳性克隆通过含有G418的YPD平板筛选,获得高拷贝重组子。重组毕赤酵母利用甲醇诱导表达目的基因。经Tricine-SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析结果表明,利用酵母工程菌成功表达了血蓝蛋白C末端片段(rFcHC-C1和rFcHC-C2)。抑菌活性鉴定实验结果显示,重组蛋白rFcHC-C1和rFcHC-C2作为阴离子抗菌肽具有抗真菌和抗细菌的活性。     

哈维氏弧菌FlaA基因的克隆、序列分析及真核表达质粒的构建

哈维氏弧菌是水产病害中常见的致病菌.参照基因库上登录的弧菌鞭毛丝蛋白FlaA基因序列设计简并引物,PCR扩增哈维氏弧菌TS-628株的FlaA全基因,并克隆到pMD 18-T载体中测序,经序列分析该基因全长1 140 bp,编码379个氨基酸.与基因库中其他弧菌的同源基因序列比较显示,哈氏弧菌FlaA基因与霍乱弧菌FlaA基因的同源性最高(79.5%),该基因编码的多肽缺乏半胱氨酸,并在N-,C-两端的氨基酸序列较为保守,中间区域的变异较大.对该蛋白的氨基酸组成及空间结构进行了分析和预测,并推测该蛋白质的平均分子量为40.6 kDa.在该基因末端加上一段编码Flag短肽的核苷酸序列后克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+),获得带哈氏弧菌鞭毛丝蛋白FlaA基因的真核表达重组质粒pcDNA-FlaA-tag,为其DNA疫苗的进一步研究奠定了基础.     

可口革囊星虫(Phascolosoma esculenta)酵母双杂交文库和铁结合蛋白真核表达载体的构建

构建了可口革囊星虫(Phascolosoma esculenta)的酵母双杂文库, 总克隆数为6.09×106CFU, 重组率100%, 平均插入片段长度>1kb。随机挑取200个克隆子测序, 结果1个空载, 67 个无法对应的基因类型, 已知的132个基因中线粒体蛋白占29.54%, 蚯蚓血红蛋白15.9%, 核糖体蛋白10.6%, 铁结合蛋白8.3%, 肌动蛋白6.1%, 其它基因29.56%。这些基因分别为: 5-氨基乙酰丙酸合成酶、类博莱霉素水解酶、纤溶蛋白、谷氨酰胺合成酶、热休克蛋白、非特性类碱性磷酸酶、脂肪酶、金属蛋白、线粒体、硫氧还蛋白、蛋白磷酸酶、肌钙蛋白C、泛素。根据已获得的可口革囊星虫铁结合蛋白基因, 以EcoRⅠ和KpnⅠ为双酶切位点设计引物, 构建了可口革囊星虫铁结合蛋白真核表达载体pPink-HC-fer, 经PCR 及测序检验, 序列完全正确, 然后电转化至酵母细胞中诱导表达, 经SDS-PAGE检验其融合蛋白分子量大小约为23kDa。     

海藻酸裂解酶基因在毕赤酵母中的表达及重组酶性质的初步研究

褐球固氮菌(Azotobacter chroococcum)是一种海藻酸降解菌.本实验采用PCR的方法,以褐球固氮菌基因组DNA为模板,克隆出约1.05 kb的海藻酸裂解酶基因algL的成熟蛋白编码序列,并将其插入巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)表达载体pPIC9K中,获得重组质粒pPIC9K-algL.重组质粒线性化后用聚乙二醇(PEG)法导入毕赤酵母菌株GS115中,获得高效分泌表达海藻酸裂解酶的毕赤酵母工程菌株.用甲醇诱导培养基进行摇瓶发酵,表达得到43 kDa的目的蛋白,酶活力可达1 400 U/cm3左右.经测定,该重组酶的最适反应pH为8.5,最适反应温度为40℃,并且在20~55℃,pH2.0~11.0具有较好的稳定性.另外,10 mmol/cm3的Cu2+,Fe2+,Co2+,Mn2+和Ca2+对酶有不同程度的抑制作用.     

单环刺螠纤溶酶Ⅲ基因克隆及原核表达

单环刺螠(Urechis unicinctus)纤溶酶(UFE)是由本实验室分离纯化得到的一组有抗凝和纤溶活性及较好生物安全性的纤溶酶。本研究为获得重组表达的UFE,根据该纤溶酶Ⅲ的(UFEⅢ)N端测序结果,设计简并引物,扩增出该蛋白的部分基因编码序列,利用5′-RACE PCR获得(UFEⅢ)的cDNA全长序列863bp,其中开放阅读框编码261个氨基酸。通过生物信息学分析其为丝氨酸蛋白酶家族成员,并与之前实验室提取的UFEⅢ进行同源性分析,推测其为一组同工酶。以PMD18-T-UFE为模板,扩增单环刺螠纤溶酶的成熟肽片段,构建重组表达载体pET32a-UFE和pET28a-UFE,转入Rosetta2(DE3)菌中诱导表达,UFEⅢ分别以可溶蛋白和包涵体的形式得到了表达。     

大菱鲆钙激活型钾离子通道基因TSKCa的克隆和序列分析

钙激活型钾离子通道蛋白(KCa)是位于细胞膜表面调节细胞功能的一类膜蛋白.通过设计特异性引物,以我国海水养殖大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)血液cDNA为模板,利用RT-PCR 技术克隆获得了一条基因片段.生物信息学分析证实该片段来自钙激活型钾离子通道基因SKCa (小电导钙激活型钾通道)家族.设计巢式PCR引物,通过5′RACE和3′RACE分别克隆得到了该基因的5′端序列和3′端序列.使用生物学软件拼接3段序列得到了大菱鲆钙激活型钾离子通道TSKCa基因的全长序列.TSKCa基因cDNA全长为1 698 bp,其中开放阅读框长度为1 632 bp,编码的TSKCa蛋白有544个氨基酸.比对TSKCa蛋白与GenBank中已有的SKCa蛋白序列,证实其序列同源性很高.使用网络DAS和srsbin服务器对TSKCa蛋白进行跨膜结构预测和疏水性分析,并结合已有的研究结果推测TSKCa蛋白的结构由S1～S6六个跨膜结构域和一个孔道区(P区)组成.     

草鱼出血病病毒VP7蛋白基因的人工合成与原核表达

根据GenBank已发表的GCRVVP7蛋白基因序列,设计合成2条特异性引物和19条搭桥引物,通过搭桥PCR人工合成带有3处变异碱基的GCRVVP7蛋白基因整个编码框,经过酶切、连接、PCR鉴定和测序鉴定克隆到原核表达载体pColdTF中,并转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),进行IPTG诱导表达和表达产物的SDS-PAGE、Western-blotting分析、纯化以及反应原性的iELISA检测。结果表明,成功人工合成了长831bp的GCRV VP7蛋白基因编码框和构建了VP7蛋白基因的重组质粒pCold TF-VP7,pColdTF-VP7转化菌经IPTG(1mmol/L)诱导3—4h即可获得特异性蛋白VP7重组蛋白的高效表达,VP7重组蛋白相对分子量大小约为73.9ku,与预期大小相符,且与鼠抗GCRV血清有良好反应原性。     

白色噬琼胶菌QM38β-琼胶酶基因agaD02 的克隆与表达

从白色噬琼胶菌(Agarivorans albus)QM38基因组中扩增到一段编码β-琼胶酶的DNA序列,命名为agaD02。序列相似性分析的结果表明,基因agaD02和弧菌Vibrio sp.JT0107及Vibrio sp.PO-303的琼胶酶基因具有同源性,其相似性程度分别为98.7%和97.4%,而同GenBank中的其他序列同源性很低。对此基因的序列进行了分析,结果表明,其开放阅读框长度为2 868 bp,编码的蛋白质包含955个氨基酸,在蛋白数据库中的编号为ABM90422,推测其分子质量为106 ku,等电点为4.87。利用网上数据库资源和生物学软件对预测的琼胶酶蛋白序列进行了同源性分析和结构分析。设计两端含酶切位点的特定引物,克隆agaD02基因,构建入表达载体pET24a(+),转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),转化后提取质粒进行酶切和电泳验证,转化后的大肠杆菌经诱导可产生胞外琼胶酶。     

凡纳滨对虾桃拉综合征病毒主要结构蛋白基因的克隆及原核表达

根据GenBank中桃拉病毒的全基因组序列,分别设计扩增该病毒主要结构蛋白基因vp1、vp2、vp3的相应引物,以发病的凡纳滨对虾中提取的总RNA为模板,利用RT-PCR技术对目的基因进行了扩增,分别获得分子量为1 164、849、507bp的基因片段,与预期一致.再将目的基因与pET-28a载体连接,分别构建重组表达载体pET-VP1、pET-VP2和pET-VP3,重组子经酶切和测序鉴定后导入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达后进行SDS-PAGE检测.SDS-PAGE电泳的结果表明,在37℃下,0.5mmol/dm3的IPTG诱导表达的重组蛋白均以包涵体的形式存在,重组蛋白VP1、VP2、VP3的大小分别为48、36、24KDa.本研究的结果为制备桃拉病毒主要结构蛋白的特异性抗体,进而研制桃拉病毒快速检测试剂盒奠定了基础.     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

A Review of Some Environmental Issues Affecting Marine Mining

This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested.     

Increased Particle Fluxes at the INDEX Site Attributable to Simulated Benthic Disturbance

Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Determination of In Situ Sediment Shear Strength from Advanced Piston Corer Pullout Forces

The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments.     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.     

《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》Vol. 33(2014) contents

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INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,