交互投影迭代算法的原理与实践：用线性化分离方法求解Non—LTE恒星大气模型

讨论交互投影的迭代算法在线性化分离求解Non-LTE恒星大气模型中的运用和实践，交互投影的迭代算法可以实现降维和病态分离，它的解可以收敛至原来解的最小二乘解，实践证实了这一点，因此线性化分离求解大气模型的方法可以代替完全线性化方法。     

海洋负荷潮汐对地球重力场时变特征影响的理论研究

地球重力场的海潮效应可以看作是一种负荷影响，海潮负荷对重力场的影响在某些台站(例如大洋中的岛屿以及沿海岸地区)可达微伽的量级，因此在高精度的地球重力场的研究中必须加以改正．从理论和方法上研究了海洋负荷潮汐对地球重力场的影响，在推导过程中回避了将点负荷密度展开为球谐函数，而是直接以负荷引力位为基础，并将海潮潮高引入表达式中，推导出了海潮对地球重力场影响的有关公式，同时探讨了在毫微伽精度上需要注意的一些问题．     

火星重力场模型发展回顾及对萤火一号的展望

首先回顾了火星重力场探测的历史、各有关探测器的轨道特征和获取的资料情况,特别对最成功的MGS项目的情况作了详细介绍。然后对确定火星重力场模型过程中的有关问题作了介绍,包括动力学模型、三体摄动问题、太阳光压和大气阻力模型等。重点介绍了其中的先验条件和求解重力场的算法,后者主要介绍GSFC采用的最小二乘法和先验约束方法及其数据定权和误差校准的经验。文中还对火星重力场与地形学进行了比较分析,并对火星重力场时变性的探测与研究作了重点讨论。最后对火星重力场探测中存在的主要问题作了详细讨论,并展望了我国第一颗火星探测器"萤火一号"对火星重力场研究的可能贡献。     

已知e或a的先验值的初轨迭代算法

本文讨论由短弧测角资料,已知偏心率ｅ 或半长轴ａ 的先验值时,初轨的迭代算法。某根数的先验值可看作是对该根数的具有一定精度的观测量,在加权残差平方和达到极小意义下,本文导出了最小二乘估计的迭代算法。仿真结果显示,周期的估计精度主要取决于偏心率先验值的精度;当ｅ 足够小时,可用园轨道计算的ａ′作为ａ 的先验值,定出的初轨有较高精度。     

导航卫星历书参数拟合算法研究

对导航卫星历书问题进行了综合研究,并结合J2项分析解,提出了两套新的历书参数拟合方法和用户算法,与正常算法不同的是:8参数历书拟合算法以Ω=-3/2J2R2t/p2n cos I隐性直接代替历书参数Ω1 ;在用户算法中对MEO卫星以ωk=ω0-ω1·(△t/2-tk),对高轨卫星以ωk=ω0-ω1·(△t/2-tk)/2修正历书参数ωk,其中ω1=A2/p2n(2-5/2sin2 I).9参数历书拟合算法在8参数的基础上增加了一个历书参数M=(T_Errn-T_Err0)/△t/a参数,在用户算法中以ωk=ω0-ω1·(△t/2-tk),Mk=M0 n·tk-M·(△t/2-tk)修正ωk和Mk·通过多组模拟轨道和IGS精密轨道的历书拟合实验,结果表明,新8参数历书拟合方法具有参数少、迭代收敛速度快、对MEO卫星拟合精度高等优点;新9参数历书拟合算法,迭代收敛快,拟合精度优于其他算法.     

一种解析定轨方法

本文给出了人造地球卫星轨道计算的一种解析方法,定轨方案中摄动计算考虑了地球引力场非球形摄动的J2,J3,J4的长期项,长周期项,J2短周期项,大气阻力,太阳光压及日月引力摄动的长期项。初始根数改正量估计采用微分轨道改进算法。在定轨迭代收敛后,残差的均方根误差在5″左右,资料使用率超过80%。     

LAMOST一维光谱提取算法的分析与比较

针对LAMOST (Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope)2维光谱图像数据,对6种抽谱算法进行了分析与比较.比较的算法包括孔径法、轮廓拟合法、直接反卷积方法、基于Tikhonov正则化的反卷积抽谱算法、基于自适应Landweber迭代的反卷积抽谱算法以及基于Richardson-Lucy迭代的反卷积抽谱算法.通过实验对这些算法在信噪比和分辨率两个方面进行了比较,发现基于Tikhonov正则化的反卷积抽谱算法、基于自适应Landweber迭代的反卷积抽谱算法以及基于RichardsonLucy迭代的反卷积抽谱算法是6种算法中最为可靠的3种抽谱算法.最后,对今后的工作进行了展望.     

采用重置参数的轨道改进算法

当使用精度差的初始根数作定轨计算时,被估值的模型参数会吸收初值中所含误差而偏离其合理数值(如CD约为2.2),使定轨计算过程的RMS已不再变化,但轨道收敛到与实际状态有偏离的轨道上。文中给出的算例采用重置被歪曲的估值模型参数方法,首先以TLE根数为初值用精密定轨程序解条件方程,然后以第一轮迭代计算结果作为初始根数并重置模型参数,再进行第二轮迭代计算,使定轨计算结果收敛到正确轨道上,文中还使用另一颗激光卫星的双行根数作初值验证了该方法的有效性。较好地解决了因初值不准所引起的定轨计算不收敛,或收敛到与实际状态有偏离的轨道上的问题。最终得出的RMS达到厘米级精度。文中图示了两次定轨计算的RMS变化曲线图、残差分布图,迭代过程的资料采用率及定轨计算结果。     

食变星测光轨道解的Kopal迭代法收敛解的研究

食变星测光轨道解的Kopal迭代法,在理论上存在二个问题: (一)迭代过程是否收敛? (二)在收敛的情形,所得到的收敛解是否是真解? 我们在文[1]回答并解决了第一个问题,本文的目的是回答并解决第二个问题。我们证明了Kopal迭代法,即使收敛,所得到的收敛解也不一定是真解,而可能是错解。通过数值计算,我们找到Kopal迭代法发散和错解的经验条件,并进一步改进了文献[1]中提出的深度函数优选法。     

LBQS类星体样品球空间功率谱分析

本文用球空间功率谱分析方法研究了ＬＢＱＳ类星体样品的成团性，讨论了ｑ０、边界效应、红移测量误差的影响，并与相关函数的结果进行了比较，认为本样品类星体是不成团的或极弱成团。     

Efficient Determination of Global Gravity Field from Satellite-to-satellite Tracking Mission

The gravity field dedicated satellite missions like CHAMP, GRACE, and GOCE are supposed to map the Earth's global gravity field with unprecedented accuracy and resolution. New models of the Earth's static and time-variable gravity fields will be available every month as one of the science products from GRACE. A method for the efficient gravity field recovery is presented using in situ satellite-to-satellite observations at altitude and results on static as well as temporal gravity field recovery are shown. Considering the energy relationship between the kinetic energy of the satellite and the gravitational potential, the disturbing potential observations can be computed from the orbital state vector, using high-low GPS tracking data, low–low satellite-to-satellite GRACE measurements, and data from 3-axis accelerometers. The solution method is based on the conjugate gradient iterative approach to efficiently recover the gravity field coefficients and approximate error covariance up to degree and order 120 every month. Based on the monthly GRACE noise-only simulation, the geoid was obtained with an accuracy of a few cm and with a resolution (half wavelength) of 160 km. However, the geoid accuracy can become worse by a factor of 6–7 because of spatial aliasing. The approximate error covariance was found to be a very good accuracy measure of the estimated coefficients, geoid, and gravity anomaly. The temporal gravity field, representing the monthly mean continental water mass redistribution, was recovered in the presence of measurement noise and high frequency temporal variation. The resulting recovered temporal gravity fields have about 0.3 mm errors in terms of geoid height with a resolution of 670 km.     

The lunar gravity mission MAGIA: preliminary design and performances

The importance of an accurate model of the Moon gravity field has been assessed for future navigation missions orbiting and/or landing on the Moon, in order to use our natural satellite as an intermediate base for next solar system observations and exploration as well as for lunar resources mapping and exploitation. One of the main scientific goals of MAGIA mission, whose Phase A study has been recently funded by the Italian Space Agency (ASI), is the mapping of lunar gravitational anomalies, and in particular those on the hidden side of the Moon, with an accuracy of 1 mGal RMS at lunar surface in the global solution of the gravitational field up to degree and order 80. MAGIA gravimetric experiment is performed into two phases: the first one, along which the main satellite shall perform remote sensing of the Moon surface, foresees the use of Precise Orbit Determination (POD) data available from ground tracking of the main satellite for the determination of the long wavelength components of gravitational field. Improvement in the accuracy of POD results are expected by the use of ISA, the Italian accelerometer on board the main satellite. Additional gravitational data from recent missions, like Kaguya/Selene, could be used in order to enhance the accuracy of such results. In the second phase the medium/short wavelength components of gravitational field shall be obtained through a low-to-low (GRACE-like) Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking (SST) experiment. POD data shall be acquired during the whole mission duration, while the SST data shall be available after the remote sensing phase, when the sub-satellite shall be released from the main one and both satellites shall be left in a free-fall dynamics in the gravity field of the Moon. SST range-rate data between the two satellites shall be measured through an inter-satellite link with accuracy compliant with current state of art space qualified technology. SST processing and gravitational anomalies retrieval shall benefit from a second ISA accelerometer on the sub-satellite in order to decouple lunar gravitational signal from other accelerations. Experiment performance analysis shows that the stated scientific requirements can be achieved with a low mass and low cost sub-satellite, with a SST gravimetric mission of just few months.     

Bianchi type universe and superpotential reconstruction in scalar-tensor cosmology

The nature of scalar field potentials plays a dominant role in the cosmological dynamics of scalar-tensor gravity. The superpotential reconstruction technique is an interesting way to determine the nature of scalar field potentials by taking the Hubble parameter as a function of scalar field. The present study is an application of this technique in the gravitational framework of scalar-tensor gravity using LRS Bianchi type I universe. We explore the nature of scalar field potentials for some particular cases. It is found that the potentials in all cases turn out to be of polynomial nature and the anisotropy parameter m classifies its degree. The graphical behavior of the directional Hubble parameter shows monotonic behavior which is in contrast to the FRW case.     

Exterior gravitation of a polyhedron derived and compared with harmonic and mascon gravitation representations of asteroid 4769 Castalia

The exterior gravitation of a constant-density polyhedron is derived analytically in closed form. Expressions for potential, attraction, and gravity gradient matrix involve one logarithm term per edge and one arctangent term per face, The Laplacian can be used to determine whether a field point is inside or outside the polyhedron, This polyhedral method is well suited to evaluating the gravitational field of an irregularly shaped body such as an asteroid or comet, Conventional harmonic and mascon potential and attraction expressions suffer large errors when evaluated close to a polyhedral model of asteroid 4769 Castalia.     

On a nonlinear and lorentz-invariant version of Newtonian gravitation — II

This paper gives a full nonlinear version of Newtonian gravity in which the gravitational energy acts as a source of the gravitational field. The generalized field equation for the scalar gravitational potential is solved for a spherically symmetric localized distribution of matter. It is shown that the perihelia of orbits of test particles in such a field precess steadily. The effect is, however, too small to account for the observed shift in the perihelion of planet Mercury. Further, the bending of light in this theory is zero. It is suggested that these inadequacies of the quasi-Newtonian framework call for more sophisticated approaches to gravity.     

Mars geodesy, rotation and gravity

This review provides explanations of how geodesy, rotation and gravity can be addressed using radioscience data of an orbiter around a planet or of the lander on its surface.The planet Mars is the center of the discussion.The information one can get from orbitography and radioscience in general concerns the global static gravitational field, the time variation of the gravitational field induced by mass exchange between the atmosphere and the ice caps, the time variation of the gravitational field induced by...     

Analytical lunar libration tables

We have developed a theory of the rotation of the Moon, for the purpose of obtaining libration series explicitly dependent upon lunar gravitational field model parameters. A nonlinear model is used in which the rigid Moon, whose motion in space is that of the main problem of lunar theory, and whose gravity potential is represented through its third degree harmonics, is torqued by the Earth and Sun. The analytical series are then obtained as Poisson series. Numerical comparisons with Eckhardt's solution are briefly exposed.     

GOCE: The Earth Gravity Field by Space Gradiometry

An artificial satellite, flying in a purely gravitational field is a natural probe, such that, by a very accurate orbit determination, would allow a perfect estimation of the field. A true satellite experiences a number of perturbational, non-gravitational forces acting on the shell of the spacecraft; these can be revealed and accurately measured by a spaceborne accelerometer. If more accelerometers are flown in the same satellite, they naturally eliminate (to some extent) the common perturbational accelerations and their differences are affected by the second derivatives of the gravity fields only (gradiometry). The mission GOCE is based on this principle. Its peculiar dynamical observation equations are reviewed. The possibility of estimating the gravity field up to some harmonic degree (200) is illustrated.     

Solar Activity and Interplanetary Disturbances

The Sun is not only a source of energy but also a tremendous source of interplanetary disturbances. The continuous stream of plasma (solar wind) is propelled by a pressure gradient near the photosphere. The pressure gradient and the Sun's gravitational field drive the plasma to supersonic velocities at the Earth's orbit. Solar activity is discussed in terms of the characteristics of the origin, x-ray flare class, optical classification, radio emission, energy particle emission and geophysical effects. Solar activities during March–June 1991 and February 20–21, 1994 are but two activities in recent times which resulted in large scale Interplanetary Waves (IPW), medium-scale gravity waves and geomagnetic disturbances. The disturbances of these activities are also discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A linear solution of the equations of motion of an earth-orbiting satellite based on a Lie-series

Using Hill's variables, an analytical solution of a canonical system of six differential equations describing the motion of a satellite in the gravitational field of the earth is derived. The gravity field, expanded into spherical harmonics, has to be expressed as a function of the Hill variables. The intermediary is chosen to include the main secular terms. The first order solution retains the highly practical formal structure of Kaula's linear solution, but is valid for circular orbits and provides of course a spectral decomposition of radius vector and radial velocity. The resulting eccentricity functions are much simpler than the Hansen functions, since a series evaluation of the Kepler equation is avoided. The present solution may be extended to higher order solutions by Hori's perturbation method.