国际海洋法与我国的海洋管理体制

《联合国海洋法公约》扩大了国家海洋权益,并要求各国对整个国家管辖海域实施综合管理,而我国分散执法的海洋管理体制存在种种弊端,与之不相适应。整合海上执法队伍,建立统一的海洋管理体制,建设一支职业化、专业化、多能化的海警部队,应该是我国海洋管理体制改革的主要目标和当务之急。     

中国海洋警察建设构想

目前,关于海洋综合管理的议论很多,整合海上执法力量也是其中一项议题。针对中国海监与公安边防海警已开展的联合执法行动以及在维护国家海洋权益方面的共通点,文章提出根据搁置部门分歧、务实简便易行的原则,建议公安边防海警部队与国家海洋局海监总队合并组建中国海洋警察部队。组建新的海洋警察部队,可以集中财力物力发展装备;利用海洋法规定,充分发挥现役警察功能;统一对外交往。组建新的海洋警察部队,能够更好地发挥海监与海警职能,履行维护国家海洋权益的重任。     

中国海警海上行政执法困境及对策探析——以中国海警首起海洋生态公益诉讼案为例

海洋是高质量发展的战略要地,海洋生态环境保护是海洋可持续发展的保障。2018年调整组建中国海警局并由其统一履行海上维权执法职责。海上行政执法作为海上维权执法的重要组成部分,对于维护我国海洋权益和海上安全秩序发挥核心作用。文章基于中国海警首起海洋生态公益诉讼案,从海洋生态环境保护的视角出发,以《中华人民共和国海警法》和《中华人民共和国行政处罚法》等为理论依据,分析中国海警海上行政执法工作的现状及困境,提出进一步发展海上行政执法工作的对策,包括优化海上行政处罚快速办理程序、规范行使海上行政处罚自由裁量权、完善海上执法行政强制执行程序、提高科技管海能力以及加强区域合作,以期促进中国海警行政执法向高效率、规范化、专业化方向发展。     

机构改革背景下中国海警船的法律属性

为保障我国海上维权执法行动的顺利开展,解决海警船法律属性的争议问题,文章分析机构改革背景下中国海警船的法律属性。研究结果表明:政府船舶和军舰分别具有明确定义且被明确区分,中国海警船属于军舰的观点依据不充分;中国海警队伍虽由武警部队领导指挥,但其权力来源、执法依据和职能任务不符合军队性质,中国海警船具有政府船舶的性质;中国海警船在性能、装备和指挥官设置等方面与军舰有明显不同,且不具备海上作战经验和能力,因此不属于军舰;中国海警船执行海上维权执法任务不应被视为动用武力。     

加强海警部队处置突发事件能力建设问题研究

加强海警部队处置突发事件能力建设是当前我国面临的海上安全形势、治安形势以及部队发展的需要;针对海警部队在处置突发事件能力方面存在的问题,应采取有效的应对措施,加快建设步伐,不断提高处置突发事件的能力。     

中国告别五龙治海

长期以来,我国海上执法力量分散。国家海洋局的中国海监、公安部的边防海警、农业部的中国渔政、海关总署的海上缉私警察等执法队伍各自职能单一,执法过程中遇到非职责范围内的违法行为无权处理,影响执法效果。海上执法力量分散问题是多年来一直想解决而没解决的老问题,社会各界高度关注。     

提高海警部队快速反应能力对策研究

提高部队快速反应能力,是加强海警部队处置突发事件能力建设的重要方面.海警部队应不断提高情报获取、处理能力,建立统一高效的指挥系统,完善勤务机制,加强针对性训练,以提高部队快速反应能力.     

我国海上登临的实践与立法

登临权是海上执法和海洋维权的一项重要权力。但我国的登临权立法笼统,登临主体、对象、原因、理由、程序、武器和警械的使用、责任等都没有规定,实务上难操作,不利于海上巡航执法和维护国家海洋权益。考虑到登临、紧追、监视、跟踪、驱逐等战术是海上执法和维权的重要手段,立法时应统筹考虑,细化其权力主体、对象、程序、手段、责任等,并实现综合立法。     

我国海上维权执法体制现状与完善构想——以南海海域维权执法模式为视角（英文）

中国对南海享有历史性权利,现代海洋法存在漏洞使得其成为争议海域,受到周边国家对其利益的竞相争夺,加剧了我国海上维权执法的紧张局势,给我国维护南海主权带来了严重威胁。以南海争议海域维权执法模式为作为切人点,对比中外海上维权执法体制现状,分析我国海上维权执法体制存在的相关法律法规不健全、执法机构设置不合理、执法体制不健全等弊端,并提出了我国海上维权执法体制完善方略和构想,对维护我国海洋权益,构建海洋强国战略具有深远意义。     

海警视域下的海上安全威胁及应对策略

当前海警机构在海上遂行任务时面临多种形式的海上安全威胁,除常规安全威胁外,以海上军事冲突威胁和海上恐怖主义威胁为代表的非常规安全威胁正使海警面临越发严峻的海上综合实战能力考验。文章通过对海警视域下海上安全威胁的综合分析,提出提升装备体系化建设水平、增强人员实战化训练效果和探索海警多能化发展模式等应对策略,以期为海警未来妥善应对各类海上安全威胁及风险挑战提供有益参考。     

营口市海水浴场资源环境容量分析

营口市位于辽宁省的中南部,面对渤海的辽东湾,背依鞍山市平原丘陵,东邻辽东崇山峻岭,西接盘锦市沿海平原,有辽河蜿蜒人海,海岸线绵延曲折。由于受海洋、河流的影响．营口市四季分明,气候宜人,蕴藏着丰富的滨海旅游资源,海蚀景观、地质珍迹、人文景观等资源各显异彩;尤其是海水浴场,条件极为优越,与国际上一流的海水浴场相比．毫不逊色,在某些特征上还稍胜一筹。     

A method of estimation of the results of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys

A method for the estimation of the results of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys is proposed. It is based on the comparison of the estimates of power spectral densities for the components of current velocity computed according to three data sets: the data set of the coordinates of a drifting buoy with a built-in GPS receiver, the data set of coordinates formed on the basis of the first set but with data missing and observational errors corresponding to the actual trajectory measurements by the Argos satellite location and data collection system by the Doppler method, and the data set of coordinates obtained as a result of interpolation of the second set. As an example, we consider the procedure of realization of the proposed method and demonstrate the efficiency of its application for the improvement of the reliability of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys.     

Estimates of fishery potentials of the EEZ of India

An attempt has been made to estimate the fishery potentials of the EEZ of India on the basis of data on primary and secondary production. The total column primary production and zooplankton production have been calculated to be 265·9 and 9 million tonnes of carbon per year, respectively. From these values the fishery potential has been estimated as 2·5 million tonnes per year. To this, if we add the estimated demersal fish catch, being 1·2 million tonnes per year, the total potential yield comes to 3·7 million tonnes per year. Since the present average total catch is about 1·6 million tonnes in a year, the fish catch could be doubled.     

韩国的海岸带综合管理

1992年，联合国21世纪议程提出了综合管理的概念，并认为它是海岸管理的最重要目标，而海岸管理的目的就是改进业已存在的管理实践的效率和效果。在21世纪议程的实施过程中，沿海国家面临着巨大的困难，即：为了使综合管理在实践中具有可操作性而建立适合的政府机构。韩国正是在国家范围和次一级区域进行这项工作的实验场所。这项工作的最重要成就是在1996年成立了具有综合协调各涉海部门职能的韩国海洋事务与渔业部（MOMAF）。这篇文章的内容主要来自于这些观察，即韩国政府为建立海岸带综合机制而进行了各种努力，特别是1992年联合国环发大会召开后到1997年初海洋事务与渔业部成立了海岸带管理处这段时间里开展的各种工作，文章重点在于评价在建立海岸带综合机制的过程中综合的概念是如何被应用并被挑战的。文章提出了在东亚地区沿海国家开展合作的可能区域的建议。     

天然气水合物地球化学特征

天然气水合物是在低温、高压以及有足够气体供应条件下形成的一种天然气(主要为甲烷)与水组成的似冰状固态化合物。天然气水合物中包含的甲烷碳是全球甲烷资源的重要组成部分,是一种数量巨大的潜在能源[1]。而且由于甲烷的温室效应,天然气水合物分解释放的甲烷进入大气中会严重     

海鸟系列CTD数据预处理分析

介绍了海鸟系列温盐深测量仪(CTD)原始数据预处理的方法和步骤,解释各个过程中的原理,根据规范和工作实际对处理过程中存在的问题进行分析,提出解决方案,针对资料的标准化提出建议和意见。     

A model of the dynamics of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov

We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Analysis of photographic images of the structure of the surface of the sea near a speck of light

Values of root mean square slope ₀ and its variations -₀ are estimated using the brightness field of an image of the surface of the sea near a speck of light. When ₀ and -₀ are defined it is highly important to take into account direct as well as dissipated solar radiation.The space-time analysis of the structure of the image brightness field is performed. This gives an opportunity to estimate dispersion relationship and the running effect of a brightness contrast packet. Comparison of the parameters obtained with the theoretical dispersion ratio of internal waves (IW) allows one to make a conclusion that IW surface manifestations are recorded in a frame.UDK 551.463.5     

Hierarchy of the models of classical mechanics of inhomogeneous fluids

The methods of perturbation theory and integral representations are used to analyze the general properties of a system of equations of the mechanics of inhomogeneous fluids including the equations of momentum, mass, and temperature transfer. We also consider various submodels of this system, including the reduced systems in which some kinetic coefficients are equal to zero and degenerate systems in which the variations of density or some other variables are neglected. We analyze both regularly perturbed and singularly perturbed solutions of the system. In the case of reduction or degeneration of solutions, the order of the system decreases. In this case, regularly perturbed solutions are preserved (with certain modifications) but the number of singularly perturbed components participating in the formation of the boundary layers on contact surfaces and their analogs in the bulk of the fluid, i.e., the elongated high-gradient interlayers, decreases. The interaction between all components of the currents is nonlinear, despite the fact that their characteristic scales are different.