角闪岩相温度条件下斜长石的变形组构

对采自五台群底部的角闪黑云斜长麻岩样品进行了较为细致的研究工作，探讨了样品遭受变质变形的温度条件及样品中变形双晶类型和斜长石的晶格组构型式。研究表明：变形时的温度条件是影响变形双晶类型的主要因素，高温国变形条件下趋向于形成肖钠双晶。随着变形温度的变化，斜长石的晶格优选和双晶滑移系也发生相应变化。     

温度对斜长石变形双晶类型的控制

石咀地区前寒武纪片麻岩内的斜长石大量发育变形双晶。在所统计的９个样品内，有６个榈的钠长石双晶几率高于肖钠双晶，其余３个榈的肖钠双晶几率高于钠长石双晶。这些样品的变形温度测定结果表明，变形时的温度对变形双晶的类型起着决定性的作用，高温时优先产生肖钠双晶，低温时优先产生钠长石双晶。据现有资料，这一温度界线大约在６００℃左右。     

拉张状态下方解石组构的递进变形规律

拉张状态下方解石组构多星环带到，递进变形状态下才可能出现点极密．因为当分解剪应力达最大值时，含有众多方解石颗粒的岩石中，形成ｅ双晶滑动最有利的方位不可能是唯一的，而是不同方位的滑动系在三维空间中的组合，并且ｅ双晶极点和光轴各自构成古钟型。由于系同一应力作用下的产物，二钟型体的顶角大小不同，但彼此共轴，均平行主任应力方向，属共轴叠钟体。该叠钟体记录了岩石变形时的应力状态，未再变形之前，该组构为初始组构。岩石的递进变形过程，实际是初始组构的递进变形过程，最后形成定型组构．岩石递进变形的全过程，就是初始组构到定型组构的全过程．     

花岗质超糜棱岩的微观构造与变形机制

花岗质岩石的变形方式和过程决定大陆地壳的流变学特性。本文聚焦藏南拆离系超糜棱岩化的花岗质岩石，借助传统显微构造分析方法和扫描电镜、阴极发光、矿相自动分析系统和电子背散射衍射等新技术手段，开展微观组分、结构、组构定量化观测和分析。超糜棱岩主要造岩矿物为钾长石、斜长石、石英、黑云母等，显微构造呈现为单矿物相域与多相矿物混合域交织结构。相平衡模拟与斜长石钙含量等值线变形温度估算结果为390～410℃。单相域的矿物集合体条带主要分为钾长石条带与石英条带，其中钾长石条带内变形颗粒呈现典型的核 幔构造。组构分析表明钾长石颗粒具有强烈的晶格优选定向，残斑与动态重结晶的钾长石颗粒具有相似的晶格优选方位(CPOs)特征。施密特因子法分析揭示钾长石残斑变形过程中主要活动的滑移系为(100)\[010\]、(010)\[001\]和(001)\[100\]，基质钾长石颗粒形成机制主要为位错蠕变驱动的亚颗粒旋转重结晶。在混合相域，矿物颗粒发生强烈细粒化而只含有少量残斑，基质颗粒主要为斜长石，斜长石颗粒间广泛分布微米级黑云母颗粒。斜长石无组构或弱组构，主导变形机制为颗粒边界滑动。在单相域条带与混合相域基质内，石英颗粒均发生强烈细粒化，颗粒表面发育溶蚀结构以及细小的新晶晶核，石英＜c＞轴晶格优选定向及形态学长轴优选定向皆平行于线理X方向，变形机制为溶解 沉淀蠕变。这显示在由单相域向混合相域的演化过程中，流体作用至关重要，流体与单相域钾长石进行交代使其分解为细粒的斜长石与石英，并导致花岗质岩石变形机制由位错蠕变向非位错蠕变转换，并诱发岩石的流变弱化。     

中澳Woodroffe逆冲糜棱岩带内斜长石和钾长石在变形和重结晶过程中的变形分异作用

在中澳Woodroffe逆冲糜棱岩带内,斜长石及钾长石的重结晶作用涉及到亚颗粒的旋转和相关的颗粒边界或扭折带边界的膨胀,而与主颗粒至新颗粒之间的化学成分变化无关。亚颗粒和新颗粒的粒度沿糜棱岩带横向变化,明显是岩石应变速率和岩石含水量的函数。糜棱岩化过程中,渐进剪切作用和渐进缩短作用带内的变形分异控制了长石恢复和重结晶的位置。在发育完好的糜棱岩中,长石残斑的粒度受糜棱岩化早期阶段,也就是在大量能调节渐进剪切变形组分的细粒基质形成之前,就受到变形分异程度的控制。由于格子状双晶的长石新颗粒通常靠近格子状双晶的长石主颗粒,重结晶作用就发生在微斜长石中,明显地没有涉及到向单斜结构的转变。由XRD轨道计算出来的钾长石三针度从糜棱岩带边缘向内部增加,与变形强度相对应。斜长石主颗粒局部具有正长石或不具双晶的微斜长石核,核周围环绕具双晶的微斜长石慢,说明了格子状双晶的存在与钾长石三斜度之间的关系。     

斜长石组构与下地壳各向异性

着重阐述了下地壳各向异性特征与成因,研究内容和方法,各向异性动力学意义,并强调指出斜长石在下地壳物理环境下的塑性变形过程中形成的组构或晶格优选方法（ＬＰＯ）是下地壳地震波各向异性之主因。     

高温高压条件下实验变形石英闪长岩微观结构与熔体特征研究

本文以高温高压条件下石英闪长岩流变实验样品为研究对象,利用偏光显微镜进行微观结构观察,研究了样品在实验温度压力条件下的变形机制与斜长石结构对流变强度的影响;通过透射电镜能谱与电子探针,分析了熔体分布和成分特征,讨论了角闪石脱水熔融的影响因素与脱水熔融对岩石流变的影响。结果表明,随着温度升高,岩石从脆塑性过渡域逐渐向高温位错攀移和动态重结晶为主的塑性域转化。在高温条件下,角闪石出现了脱水与部分熔融,脱水熔融的熔体分布和成分体现出非均匀与非平衡熔融的特点,空间分布上,熔体主要出现在角闪石和黑云母矿物颗粒的边缘以及角闪石和长石颗粒之间的区域内;成分分布上,熔体的成分与参与熔融的矿物成分密切相关。角闪石边缘的熔体和黑云母边缘的熔体具有低硅铝、高铁镁特征,斜长石边缘的熔体具有高硅铝、低铁镁的特征,处于角闪石和斜长石颗粒中间的熔体,其成分间于斜长石与角闪石成分之间。实验中出现的非平衡非均匀部分熔融可以解释混合岩中的浅色体与暗色体的成因,富硅熔体可以形成富硅铝的花岗质岩石,而贫硅富铁镁的熔体可以形成基性岩。角闪石的脱水熔融程度依赖于样品的封闭条件,处于封闭环境的样品,角闪石不易脱水熔融,而处于开放环境时,角闪石脱水熔融显著。拆离断层带及其附近具备这样的开放环境,有利于角闪石发生脱水熔融。实验力学数据和微观结构显示,随机分布的斜长石对岩石强度影响并不明显,但斜长石的长轴方向与最大主应力方向呈大角度相交(近90°)会显著强化岩石的强度,这意味着岩石组构与主应力方向大角度相交或呈垂直方向时,不利于岩石变形和拆离断层的形成,反之,均匀岩石或岩石组构与最大主应力方向小角度相交,有利于岩石的变形,容易发育拆离断层。     

变形组构的生成温度

1前言岩石的变形组构是岩石在构造变形条件下产生的组构。由于构造变形时的温度、压力、应交率等条件的不同，所产生的变形组构自然有所差别。地质科学的发展使我们可以间接或直接地了解构造变形时的条件，了解不同变形条件下所产生的各种类型变形组构。这一研究方间已经有了良好的开端，进一步的工作将逐步了解所有变形组构的生成条件。在这个基础上，地区的构造演化历史将更清晰地显露在人们面前。现着重将温度对变形组构的影响总结如下，供进一步工作参考。2变形组构的主要研究内容2．1矿物的脆韧性转变温度低温时矿物变形为脆性，高温时…     

应用改进双晶法研究斜长石成分及其结构态的新进展和应用实例—应用岩相...

主要介绍了应用改进的费氏台双晶法测定岩浆岩同一薄片不同结构中的斜长石成分及其结构态，或者同一颗粒不同部分的斜长石成分及其结构态，从而获得有关岩石结构特征、形成过程和定位机制类型的信息。     

大别山造山带北部麻粒岩相岩石的若干特征

本文着重对大别山造山带北部麻粒岩相岩石的地质、矿物共生组合及矿物变质、变形等若干特征作了探讨。认为本区至少存在四种类型高压麻粒岩相岩石，形成的温、压条件分别为８０８－８７５℃和１．０－１．２０ＧＰａ，并且早期可能曾经历过榴辉岩相变质作用。主要韧性变形特征表现为紫苏辉石的碎斑结构、不对称压力影、解理弯曲；斜长石的碎斑旋转、不对称压力影、亚颗粒化、核—幔构造、双晶弯曲、变形双晶和扫描性波状消光（Ｓｗｅｅｐｉｎｇｕｎｄｕｌｏｓｅｅｘｔｉｎｃｔｉｏｎ）；石榴子石亚颗粒、核—幔构造、碎斑旋转与不对称压力影；富钛的红棕色黑云母解理弯曲、扭折等。由矿物共生组合及变质、变形特征等表明本区麻粒岩相岩石实际上是麻粒岩相条件下形成的糜棱岩。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)