大厂矿田产黝铜矿族矿物的研究

对广西大厂矿田产黝铜矿族矿物进行了系统研究。根据大量电子探针分析数据分为黝铜矿、锌黝铜矿、银黝铜矿、含银黝铜矿和含银锌黝铜矿。研究表明,在大厂矿田、乃至一个矿床中,黝铜矿族矿物中的Cu和Ag、Fe和Zn分别呈完全的类质同象系列,这一特征在文献中是极为少见的。     

黝铜矿-砷黝铜矿矿物学研究进展

黝铜矿-砷黝铜矿系列矿物(Tetrahedrite -Tennantite Series Mineral,TTSM)作为含Cu、Ag、S、Sb、As、Hg及少量Au、Fe、Zn、Cd、Bi、Te、Se的硫盐矿物广泛存在于世界各地的Cu、Ag、Au、Pb、Zn多金属矿床中.为了能够更好的认识该系列矿物,提高矿物中有用元素的回收率,扩大黝铜矿型铜矿床的经济效益,本文对TTSM的化学组成和类质同象置换规律,晶胞参数和晶体结构的形变,矿物人工合成和有用元素的浸出试验等研究进展进行了综述.天然TTSM矿物一般化学式为:(Cu,Ag)6 Cu4 (Fe,Zn,Cu,Hg,Ag,Cd)2 (Sb,As,Bi,Te)4 (S,Se)13,其中S-Se、Sb-As-Bi-Te、Ag-Cu、Cu-Hg-Fe-Pb-Zn-Cd的类质同象置换相当普遍;TTSM晶体结构中不同结构位置离子置换规律更多的受限于离子价键,而同一结构位置不同离子的置换除受限于离子价键还受限于该位置空间大小,晶胞参数与离子置换类型和数量密切相关;人工合成实验证实形成TTSM矿物的温度范围为350～540℃,浸出试验证明随反应温度增高、浸出浓度增大、矿物颗粒减小时,TTSM中有用元素的浸出速率增大.     

银多金属矿床中黝铜矿族银硫盐矿物的特征及其意义

在国内外几个不同成因类型的银多金属矿床内产出的黝铜矿族银硫盐矿物中,除朗达矿床见有砷黝铜矿和含银砷黝铜矿外,较普遍共同发育有黝铜矿、含银黝铜矿和银黝铜矿、而后两者是最主要或主要的工业银矿物之一。按国际矿物学协会新矿物及矿物命名委员会的矿物命名原则,黝铜矿族矿物所含的Ｆｅ、Ｚｎ、Ｈｇ、Ｃｄ、Ｍｎ等不可作为矿物种的命名元素。蔡家营矿床的含银黝铜矿和银黝铜矿以Ｆｅ、Ｚｎ含量近似而有别于其余矿床的富Ｆｅ贫     

论西南地区部分金、铜矿床中黝铜矿族矿物

本文论述了黝铜矿族矿物在成分标型研究方面的新进展.其一般化学式为:(Cu,Ag)_(10)(Cu、Fe、Zn、Hg、Pb、Cd)_2(As、Sb、 Bi、Te、Sn)_4(S、Se)_(13)。黝铜矿的具体命名是:凡金属元素的原子数大于0.5者,都应按原子数由0.5到大的顺序参加命名.文中列举了西南地区诸多金矿和铜矿中的富锑黝铜矿(偏岩子)、富铁黝铜矿(耳泽)、富砷黝铜矿(邛莫)、富铋黝铜矿(姚安)、富锡黝铜矿(李伍)等成分分析资料和化学式计算及命名的实际资料。     

黝铜矿族矿物的EPMA研究

根据产自约20个不同矿床的黝铜矿族矿物的大量电子探针分析结果以及一些文献资料分析,黝铜矿族矿物是一类复杂的类质同象矿物系列。本文还对黝铜矿族矿物的分类命名规则以及相应的矿物种和变种名称提出意见和建议。     

新疆阿舍勒铜矿床中黝铜矿的特征

新疆阿舍勒火山岩型块状硫化物铜矿床中黝铜矿广泛产出,并以锌砷黝铜矿为特征。在以铜为主的主矿体（Ⅰ号矿体）中,黝铜矿几乎均属锌砷黝铜矿,含银甚低,其化学成分在时空分布上变化不大且无显著的变化规律,不同类型矿石之间黝铜矿的成分变化也不大;但在以铅锌为主的次要的Ⅱ号矿体中黝铜矿含一定量的银。与其它各类矿床相比,锌砷黝铜矿是阿舍勒黝铜矿的主要类型,也是阿尔泰成矿带的主要黝铜矿类型。     

东雅库梯不同矿石建造金矿床黝铜矿的化学成分特征

东雅库梯不同金矿建造中的黝铜矿可以根据其银含量、铁和锌的比值来区别，由溶液温度、硫活度和氯浓度演变而引起的黝铜矿化学成分的变化往往导致在各个矿体、矿床和地质构造带内产生隐伏的矿物－地球化学分带。     

滇西改造型铜矿床的黝铜矿族矿物

滇西中新生代红层中的改造型铜矿床，在矿物组合上以大量富集黝铜矿族矿物为特色，主要包括砷黝铜矿和黝铜矿，且是矿石中最主要的组分。本文对其物理和化学特征、同位素组成进行了研究，指出它们在形成上与岩浆热液作用无关，是热卤水成矿的结果。     

东雅库梯不同矿石建造金矿床黝铜矿的化学成分特征

东雅库梯不同金矿建造中的黝铜矿可以根据其银含量、铁和锌的比值来区别。由溶液温度、硫活度和氯浓度演变而引起的黝铜矿化学成分的变化往往导致在各个矿体、矿床和地质构造带内产生隐伏的矿物-地球化学分带。     

新疆阿舍勒铜矿床中的金、银类及黝铜矿族矿物研究

阿舍勒铜矿床中的金、银类矿物共有１３种。对金、银矿物、黝铜矿族矿物的产状、物理化学特征、Ｘ射线、差热、红外光谱等特征作了全面论述，为矿床的综合评价提供了依据。     

Physicochemical modeling of formation of Ag–Au–Hg solid solutions: Kyuchyus deposit (Yakutia,Russia) as an example

The «Selektor-C» software package and standard thermodynamic functions of ternary Ag–Au–Hg solid solutions were used for developing physicochemical models in natural processes with participation of gold, silver and mercury. On the example of the Kyuchyus Au–Sb–Hg deposit we have worked out hypogene and hypergene models of formation of native gold, including mercuric gold. We obtained thermodynamic evidence that the Kyuchyus deposit ores formed with the origin of electrum at the early main productive quartz–sulfide stage and ternary Au–Ag–Hg solid solutions at the late non-substantive Au-bearing stages.     

Les minéraux à Cu,Sb, Ag,Hg des minerais de Pb-Zn de Sakiet Koucha (diapir de Sakiet Sidi Youssef,Tunisie septentrionale)

Résumé La formation à anhydrite du diapir de Sakiet Sidi Youssef contient aux environs de Sakiet Koucha des minéraux à Cu, Sb, Ag, Hg, au sein des minerais de type BPG habituels des formations corticales des diapirs de Tunisie septentrionale.L'association minérale comprend: pyrite, cuivres gris, chalcopyrite, bournonite, blende, galène, et un amalgame Ag-Hg. La composition des cuivres gris est très variable, du pôle tétraèdrite au pôle freibergite. La composition de l'amalgame argentifère est de stoechiométrie peu courante (Ag 0,71 Hg 0,26). Cette relative richesse en Ag est un caractère déja mis en évidence dans les concentrations du dôme de Hockley en Gulf Coast, ce qui suggère qu'il s'agit d'une caractéristique propre à ce type de gisement lié aux diapirs.Par ailleurs, le rapprochement entre la présence de mercure dans le minerais, et l'existence au Nord du gisement d'un district à cinabre lié au volcanisme néogène, suggère que les phénomènes magmatiques récents ont pu avoir une influence dans cette région pourtant plus méridionale.

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The CaSO₄ formation of the Sakiet Sidi Youssef diapir (Northern Tunisia) hosts a Cu, Sb, Ag, Hg mineral association (Sakiet Koucha occurence) which is distinct from the usual BPG associations known in the cortical formations of other Triassic diapirs in the same district.It includes: pyrite, fahl ore group minerals, chalcopyrite, bournonite, sphalerite, galena and an Ag-Hg amalgam. The fahl ore group is highly variable in composition and grades from tetrahedrite to freibergite. An unusual stoichiometric compound has been determined: Ag 0.71 Hg 0.26.The presence of Ag minerals is similar to the concentrations described in the Hockley dome, on the Gulf Coast, which would reinforce the view that it is characteristic for this kind of deposit.As for the presence of Hg, the existence of a zone of cinnabar linked to Neogene volcanism immediately North of this deposit introduces the question of the influence of magmatic processes in this area.

     

白果园黑色岩系型银（钒）矿床沉积古环境与银（钒）初始富集

白果园银（钒）矿产于震旦系陡山沱组黑色色岩系中。矿床的地球化学和有机地球化学研究表明，黑色页岩含丰富以低等海生生物为主的腐泥型有机质，黑色页岩形成于局限的滞留海盆。     

Contamination by heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, and Hg) of eight fish species in the Gironde estuary (France)

The Gironde estuary, one of the largest in Europe, is considerated as a reference ecological system, with all the western European diadromous fish species present. The national biomonitoring program on the coastal marine environment has revealed since 1979 severe metal pollution (mostly cadmium [Cd]) in oysters collected from the estuary. No data are available on metal contamination levels in fish, despite their ecological and economic importance. We present the results from a detailed study based on 4 metals (Cd, zinc [Zn], copper [Cu], and mercury [Hg]) measured in 4 organs (gills, dorsal skeletal muscle, liver, and kidneys) from 8 fish species illustrating several ecological combinations: European eel (Anguilla anguilla), twaite shad (Alosa fallax), bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), meagre (Argyrosomus regius), flounder (Platichthys flesus),, thin-lippid grey mullet (Liza ramada), sole (Solea vulgaris), and Canary drum (Umbrina canariensis). The results show very marked differences between species and organs, as well as very significant variations between the 4 metals. Although metal concentrations measured in fish muscle are low, except in the case of Hg for theA. fallax, high levels of Cu and Cd were observed in the kidneys and livers ofL. ramada andA. anguilla. A multifactorial analysis based on rank ordered metal concentrations for the 8 fish species clearly shows 4 clusters of species assigned to the different degrees of metal contamination, from the lowest contaminated (A. regius, D. labrax, S. vulgaris, andU. canariensis), to the most contaminated group (L. ramada). The most contaminated species (L. ramada, A. angailla, andP. flesus) are characterized by long residence times in the estuary, between 3.5 and 14 yr. ForL. ramada, biofilms with high metal storage capacities would be the principal uptake route; the two other species are benthic with a carnivorous regime. Comparisons between our data and four estuaries (Seine, France; Mersey, U.K.; La Plata, Argentina; Guadalquivir, Spain), on a limited number of common species, metals and fish organs, clearly reveal higher Cd bioaccumulation levels in the Gironde estuary.     

西藏铁格隆南超大型铜(金、银)矿床地质、蚀变与矿化

铁格隆南是班公湖-怒江成矿带西段重要的斑岩-浅成低温热液铜(金、银)矿床,也是西藏地区首个铜资源量超过1000万吨的超大型铜(金、银)矿床,其蚀变与矿化结构的精细解剖,对完善区域成矿理论和指导找矿实践有重要的指导意义。文章基于详细的野外地质调查、钻孔编录和镜下鉴定,识别出铁格隆南矿床具有斑岩和浅成低温热液叠加成矿作用特征。其中,斑岩成矿作用主要位于矿床深部及外围,以细脉状、脉状、浸染状黄铁矿、黄铜矿、斑铜矿及少量辉钼矿等为主,蚀变为钾硅化、青磐岩化、黄铁绢英岩化,发育A、B、D型脉体。浅成低温热液成矿作用主要产于矿床中-浅部,叠加于斑岩成矿作用之上,以浸染状-脉状黄铁矿、硫砷铜矿、斑铜矿、铜蓝、蓝辉铜矿、斯硫铜矿、雅硫铜矿、久辉铜矿等Cu-S体系矿物为特征,蚀变为高级泥化,广泛发育N脉(即高岭石或明矾石-硫化物脉)。蚀变、矿化特征及脉体穿切关系揭示,矿床成岩成矿作用可细分为岩浆期(Ⅰ)、岩浆-热液期(Ⅱ)和表生期(Ⅲ)。成岩成矿年代学结果揭示,矿区内闪长玢岩侵位时代较早(123 Ma),代表岩浆活动上限;花岗闪长斑岩(122～120 Ma)是主要的含矿斑岩,与成矿作用关系最为密切;火山岩覆盖于地表,喷发时代较晚(111 Ma),代表成矿后岩浆活动的产物。钾硅化的黑云母和黄铁绢英岩化的绢云母40Ar-39Ar年龄分别(121.1±0.5) Ma、(120.8±0.9)Ma与斑岩成矿作用的辉钼矿Re-Os年龄((121.2±1.2) Ma)一致,而高级泥化的明矾石40Ar-39Ar年龄为(117.9±1.6)Ma与浅成低温热液矿化的黄铁矿Rb-Sr年龄((117.5±1.8)Ma)一致。所以,依据时空关系,铁格隆南超大型矿床成矿作用可细分为岩浆热液成矿作用(123～119 Ma)、浅成低温热液成矿作用(118～117 Ma)和火山岩覆盖保存(111～110 Ma)3个阶段。     

查干布拉根银铅锌（金）矿床地质特征及成因类型

查干布拉根银铅锌（金）矿床是大型低硫化型浅成低温热液矿床，区域上受北东向裂谷型得尔布干断裂带及次级北西向断裂控制，矿床形成于燕山晚期大面积火山岩喷发及次火山岩侵位之后热 活动期，矿术具有独特的矿物组合与蚀变分带，主成矿元素分带明显，主要受北西西向断裂及其下盘的火山通道所制约，矿床形成深度较浅，剥蚀程度较低。     

天然褐铁矿处理含Hg（Ⅱ）废水的实验研究

利用水合金属氧化物和氢氧化物矿物表面重金属离子发生吸附作用的原理，进行了天然褐铁矿处理含Hg(Ⅱ)废水的实验。结果表明：试样用量、粒径、废水浓度、pH值、离子强度、反应时间、振荡器转速等因素对Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附率有一定的影响，其中pH值的影响最大；Hg(Ⅱ)在天然褐铁矿上的吸附等温曲线不同于Langmuir和Fre-undlich等温线，而为台阶型，符合分级离子／配位子交换等温曲线。     

毛洋头铀（银,钼）矿床同位素地球化学研究

毛洋头铀矿床的（Ｈ、Ｏ）同位素特征表明：早期矿化热液主要为岩浆水，而晚期矿化热液则主要为大气降水。铅同位素组成反映该矿床中铅为不同来源的混合铅。Ｃ、Ｓ同位素组成变化范围小，且与火成岩的Ｃ、Ｓ同位素组成相当，说明矿床中的碳和硫主要淋取于火成围岩或源于地壳深部。     

(Au,Ag)Te2 Minerals from Epithermal Gold Deposits in Japan

Chemical composition and mode of occurrences of (Au, Ag)Te₂ minerals such as calaverite (AuTe₂), sylvanite (AuAgTe₄) and krennerite ((Au, Ag)Te₂) in epithermal gold telluride ores from Suzaki, Kawazu and Teine are examined. In the ores from Suzaki, (Au, Ag)Te₂ minerals occur in microbands of tellurides and fine quartz. The minerals in telluride bands change from krennerite, via calaverite‐native tellurium, to sylvanite, in the order of crystallization. A sample from Kawazu contains sylvanite and native tellurium with stutzite, hessite and tetradymite in the coarser gray quartz part. The Teine sample also contains sylvanite and native tellurium with barite and quartz. The peak patterns of XRD of calaverite, krennerite and sylvanite from Suzaki are almost identical to that of JCPDS 43–1472, JCPDS 8–20 and JCPDS 9–477, respectively. The Te, Au, Cu, and Ag contents of calaverite from Suzaki range from 56.4 to 57.9 wt.%, from 41.6 to 42.6 wt.%, from 0.28 to 0.45 wt.% and from 0.14 to 0.31 wt.%, respectively, corresponding to the formula Au_0.97Ag_0.01Cu_0.02Te₂. The Te, Au, Ag, and Cu contents of krennerite from Suzaki range from 59.6 to 61.4 wt.%, from 31.3 to 33.6 wt.%, from 4.91 to 6.13 wt.% and from 0.66 to 0.80 wt.%, respectively, corresponding to the formula Au_0.71Ag_0.22Cu_0.05Te₂ with Au and Ag ranging from 0.68 to 0.74 and from 0.20 to 0.25, respectively. The Te, Au, Ag, and Cu contents of sylvanite from Suzaki range from 61.5 to 63.4 wt.%, from 24.1 to 27.4 wt.%, from 10.0 to 12.5 wt.% and from 0.00 to 0.12 wt.%, respectively. The Te, Au, Ag, and Cu contents of sylvanite from Kawazu range from 62.7 to 63.3 wt.%, from 23.5 to 24.1 wt.%, from 12.0 to 12.5 wt.% and from 0.09 to 0.16 wt.%, respectively. The Te, Au, Ag, Cu and Fe contents of sylvanite from Teine range from 61.8 to 63.5 wt.%, from 23.6 to 24.7 wt.%, from 11.9 to 13.3 wt.%, from 0.01 to 1.65 wt.% and from 0.00 to 0.02 wt.%, respectively. The average formulae of sylvanite from Suzaki, Kawazu, and Teine are expressed as Au_1.06Ag_0.94Cu_0.02Te₄, Au_1.00Ag_0.95Cu_0.02Te₄ and Au_1.01Ag_0.95Cu_0.06Te₄, respectively. Judging from the mineral assemblages of these ores and other localities, Au–Te mineralization in the Japanese Islands can be divided into four types: native gold–calaverite at Date and Agawa, krennerite(?native tellurium) at Osore‐zan and Mutsu, sylvanite–native tellurium–hessite at Teine, Kawazu, Kobetsuzawa, and Kato, and polyminerallic assemblages at Suzaki and Kushikino. The pH–Eh diagram of aqueous tellurium species and tellurium minerals at 250°C indicates that (Au, Ag)Te₂ minerals in epithermal gold telluride mineralization would have been formed under middle to low Eh and acidic (to intermediate) pH conditions. It is possible that dilute tellurium‐containing fluid would scavenge dilute gold.     

Possible Mesozoic age of Ellenville Zn-Pb-Cu(Ag) deposit,Shawangunk Mountains,New York

Ore textures, epithermal open-space filling of Permian structures of the Alleghanian orogeny, and largely postorogenic mineralization of the Ellenville, New York, composite Zn-Pb-Cu(Ag) vein system, provide permissive evidence for post-Permian mineralization. Isochron ages determined by ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar laser-fusion techniques for K-bearing liquid inclusions in main-stage quartz from the Ellenville deposit additionally suggest a Mesozoic time of mineralization, associated with extensional formation of the Newark basin. The best ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar total-fusion age range is 165 ± 30 to 193 ± 35 Ma. The Mesozoic ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age agrees with that of many other dated northern Appalachian Zn-Pb-Cu(Ag) deposits with near-matching lead isotope ratios, and adds new evidence of Jurassic tectonism and mineralization as an overprint to Late Paleozoic tectonism at least as far north as Ellenville (lat. 41°43N).