GTS1型数字式探空仪施放前的准备工作

GTS1型数字式探空仪是一次性使用的高空气象仪器,具有探测精度高、采样速度快、抗干扰能力强等特点,实现了数字化、模块化,整体性能好。GTS1型数字式探空仪使用前不用进行灵敏度检查和基点检查,基测方便,不受外界天气的影响,检测数据稳定可靠。探空仪载频采用了多重调制技术,提高了探空发送传递数据的可靠性和抗同频干扰的能力,但是GTS1型数字式探空仪施放前的准备工作要求较高,稍有失误就会影响本次探测资料的完整性或造成重放球。     

GTS1型数字式探空仪电池的使用技巧和故障处理

通过对GTS1型数字探空仪施放过程中因电池问题而引起的重放球、探空信号弱、探空信号变性、测距凹口波不清、信号突失、探空仪施放前财准雷达探空仪无信号等问题进行分析总结,得出GTS1型数字式探空仪电池的浸泡方法、电池装配技巧和故障处理的经验。     

高空气象探测记录及报表预审的探讨

浅谈预审工作中的一些经验和体会,并对使用GTS(U)2-1型数字式电子探空仪-701型二次测风雷达探测系统过程中记录及报表出现的问题进行分析总结,提出解决办法.     

GTS1—2型数字式电子探空仪操作使用技巧

对GTS1—2型数字式电子探空仪的一些使用技巧作了阐述,掌握这些方法与技巧,可在工作中起到事半功倍的效果。     

GFE（L）1型二次测风雷达典型故障一例

1引言 GFE（L）1型雷达主要用于高空大气综合性的探测,它与GTS1型数字式电子探空仪相配合,利用跟踪探空气球来测风。天控分系统根据和差环所获取的角误差信号或手动信号完成对天线的控制,以达到跟踪探空仪的目的。其工作方式有两种即手动和自动     

齐齐哈尔气象站四种数字探空仪观测数据对比分析

基于齐齐哈尔国家基本气象站2020年1月和7月高空气象平行观测?数据,采用Ryan-Joiner方法进行正态性检验,采用平均偏差、绝对偏差、均方根误差和相对误差作为对比分析的评估指标,探讨了GTS11、GTS12、GTS13与GTS1型数字探空仪在925～500hPa规定等压面上,测得的温度、相对湿度和位势高度的差异。结果表明：GTS11、GTS12、GTS13型3种探空仪测得的温度均低于GTS1型探空仪；相对湿度均高于GTS1型探空仪；位势高度略低于GTS1型探空仪,比对样本之间具有较好的一致性。     

L波段探测系统使用心得

呼和浩特观象台自2008年9月1日使用L波段雷达─GTS1型数字式探空仪气象探测系统,综合探测已2个多月了,在工作期间积累了一些经验,与各位同行交流。1     

浅谈GTS1型电子探空仪的检查维护方法

针对新型的GTS1型电子探空仪—探测系统观测在使用过程中出现的一些情况,主要从日常工作中应注意的细节、平时对GTS1型电子探空仪检查维护保障,总结一些经验,目的在于促进业务水平的提高。     

基于第8届国际探空比对试验对GTS1-2型探空仪技术改进与对比分析

经过国内学者和WMO的评估,GTS1-2型探空仪需要进行技术改进以适应高空气象观测业务的发展需求.2012年,GTS1-2型探空仪在原体制基础上进行了技术改进(暂命名为GTS1-2A型).2012年8月在阳江探空站开展比对试验,试验结果表明:GTS1-2A型探空仪夜间温度测量性能良好,系统误差在-0.3℃以内,标准偏差总体上在0.2℃左右;日间温度除探测中高层和出入云时外,系统误差整体上在-0.3℃,标准偏差整体上在0.4℃以内;气压除近地层有约-1.5 hPa的系统误差外,整体上系统误差和标准偏差小于GTS1-2型探空仪,尤其标准偏差在全量程范围内在0.7 hPa以内;GTS1-2A型探空仪湿度测量结果与RS92型探空仪一致性较好,灵敏度明显优于GTS1-2型探空仪,系统误差和标准偏差整体上均在10％RH以内.     

国产GTS1探空仪与VAISALA公司RS92探空仪对比分析

文章从静态指标与动态对比两个方面,对中国国产GTS1探空仪与芬兰Vaisala公司RS92探空仪的综合性能进行对比.对比结果表明,GTS1探空仪温度存在滞后误差,RS92探空仪湿度测量结果明显好于GTS1探空仪,200hPa以上RS92探空仪气压变化低于GTS1探空仪,测风精度方面RS92探空仪高于GTS1探空仪,850hPa以下和150hPa以上GTS1探空仪测风与RS92探空仪存在1m·s-1以内的系统差,RS92探空仪在整体性能上高于GTS1探空仪.     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.