乙酸铵交换-全自动凯氏定氮法测定贵州某地区耕地土壤阳离子交换量

：为分析无机结合料稳定铁尾矿用作半刚性路面基层的水稳定性,对铁尾矿进行筛分,通过测定改良铁尾矿混合料的液限、塑限,确定无机结合料稳定类型,按二级及二级以下公路路面基层的集料级配要求改良铁尾矿,以击实试验确定无机结合料稳定时最佳含水率和最大干密度,然后用半刚性基层冲刷量灰色预估模型计算并分析其抗冲刷性。结果表明：铁尾矿为特细集料,液限为19%,塑性指数为11,宜采用水泥进行稳定,掺加级配碎石改良铁尾矿满足CC3集料级配要求,当水泥剂量为5%时能够取得良好的抗冲刷性能和经济性。     

废轮胎颗粒与黄土混合物压实性能研究

选择废轮胎颗粒以0～50%的掺量与黄土混合,研究了混合土的压实特性,并采用专门设计的环刀击实设备,对环刀击实和标准击实进行了对比分析。试验结果表明,掺量小于20%时混合土的压实特性类似黄土,掺量大于40%时的压实特性类似无黏性土;不同掺量的混合土最大干密度与最优含水率存在幂函数关系,击实能对10%～30%掺量的混合物有效最大干密度影响较小;不同击实能下掺量与最优含水率存在函数关系;混合土存在最佳压实掺量,轻、重型击实能下分别为30%和40%左右。根据室内试验结果,给出了不同掺量混合土击实指标建议值供设计参考。     

泥岩含量对昔格达土填料路用性质的影响研究

为研究泥岩含量对昔格达土混合填料路用性质的影响,对不同泥岩含量的混合料进行重型击实、无侧限抗压强度、CBR及回弹模量试验。试验结果表明:随机混合料的最优含水率与最大干密度除受泥岩颗粒粒径、含水量及泥岩含量的影响外,主要取决于混合料中泥质粉砂岩的含量;昔格达土人工混合料室内击实结果与实际的天然随机混合料的击实结果存在显著差异,应根据实际工程混合填料中泥岩含量、含水量、板结程度及团块状泥岩量等对混合料最大干密度和最优含水量进行动态取值。当泥岩含量（质量分数) 低于65%时,混合料无侧限抗压强度随泥岩含量增加而线性增大,当泥岩含量大于65%后混合料无侧限抗压强度随泥岩含量增加而减小;混合料回弹模量值随泥岩含量的增加而增大;通过对泥岩含量与CBR值间的多项式回归分析,建立了混合料CBR值与泥岩含量的多项式回归方程,两者间相关性良好。     

击实试验类型对EPS颗粒轻量土击实特性的影响规律

为研究击实试验类型对EPS颗粒轻量土击实特性的影响规律,阐明轻量土压缩密实的本质,对3种不同EPS颗粒掺量的轻量土开展标准轻型、标准重型、小型轻型、小型重型4类击实试验,并测量EPS颗粒体积压缩率。结果表明:3种配比轻量土在4类击实试验下,轻量土的干密度随含水率的增加均先增大后减小,曲线形态类似抛物线,所得最优含水率依次接近31%、35%、39%。同配比轻量土,以标准轻型击实试验的最大干密度为标准,其他3类击实试验最大干密度的绝对增长量为-0.014～0.072 g/cm~3,相对增长量为-2.647%～13.611%,4类击实试验所获得的最大干密度基本相同。受击实筒尺寸效应的影响,相同击实功时,小型击实试验的最大干密度大于标准击实试验,但差值较小。相同击实类型时,增加击实功对轻量土最大干密度提高不明显。在击实作用下,EPS颗粒具有明显的塑性压缩,压缩率随含水率和EPS颗粒掺量的增大而减小,其变化范围为0.955%～31.174%。EPS颗粒的塑性压缩和试样孔隙比的减小是轻量土压缩密实的本质,利用小型击实试验代替标准击实试验确定轻量土最优含水率和最大干密度的方法是可行的,可为轻量土工程设计和施工提供参考。     

建筑废渣-黏土混合料压实特性试验研究EI北大核心CSCD

将建筑废渣按一定比例与黏土掺合形成的渣土混合料用作填筑材料,具有显著的社会经济与环保效益。为了揭示渣土混合料的压实特性,利用击实试验研究渣料含量和初始级配对渣土混合料压实性能及颗粒破碎特性的影响。研究结果显示,与黏土相比,渣土混合料的最优含水率较低而最大干密度较高,尽管渣料的初始级配有所不同,渣土混合料的最优含水率随掺渣量的增加而减小,最大干密度随掺渣量的增加而先增后减,并存在着一个约为30%的最优掺渣量;击实作用下渣料颗粒的相对破碎率随掺渣量的增加而增加,与初始级配均匀的渣料相比,相同掺渣量下初始级配不均匀渣料的相对破碎率较小,但受渣料初始颗粒大小的影响不大;与初始较小颗粒渣料的混合料相比,初始较大颗粒渣料的混合料的最大干密度较大,表明宽级配的渣土混合料压实性能较好。渣土混合料的压实特性通过结合掺渣量、颗粒破碎特性与渣土混合料结构响应分析得到合理解释。     

建筑废渣-黏土混合料压实特性试验研究

将建筑废渣按一定比例与黏土掺合形成的渣土混合料用作填筑材料,具有显著的社会经济与环保效益。为了揭示渣土混合料的压实特性,利用击实试验研究渣料含量和初始级配对渣土混合料压实性能及颗粒破碎特性的影响。研究结果显示,与黏土相比,渣土混合料的最优含水率较低而最大干密度较高,尽管渣料的初始级配有所不同,渣土混合料的最优含水率随掺渣量的增加而减小,最大干密度随掺渣量的增加而先增后减,并存在着一个约为30%的最优掺渣量;击实作用下渣料颗粒的相对破碎率随掺渣量的增加而增加,与初始级配均匀的渣料相比,相同掺渣量下初始级配不均匀渣料的相对破碎率较小,但受渣料初始颗粒大小的影响不大;与初始较小颗粒渣料的混合料相比,初始较大颗粒渣料的混合料的最大干密度较大,表明宽级配的渣土混合料压实性能较好。渣土混合料的压实特性通过结合掺渣量、颗粒破碎特性与渣土混合料结构响应分析得到合理解释。     

含粗粒的细粒土的压实特性研究

以2种不同的细粒土及18种不同级配的含粗粒的细粒土为研究对象,进行了大量的室内击实试验,来寻求含粗粒的细粒土的最佳击实功,从而确定当路基填料为含粗粒的细粒土时,其室内最大干密度的试验方法。在此基础上,提出含粗粒的细粒土的最大干密度宜采用重型击实试验法确定,且每层的击实次数宜增加为130击。同时,利用多元线性回归方法对试验结果进行了分析,得到了最大干密度与土中各个粒组含量之间的线性关系式。结果表明,含粗粒的细粒土的最大干密度与各粒组含量之间存在良好的线性关系。     

纤维对石灰改良膨胀土性质的影响分析

首先对膨胀土基本性质做了试验分析,通过天然膨胀土和掺人纤维前后的石灰土的击实试验,得出了掺人少量纤维对石灰土的最优含水率和最大干密度影响很小.通过有荷膨胀率试验,得出了纤维能够抑制石灰土的膨胀性,纤维掺人量在0.05%～0.1%之间时,线膨胀率随纤维掺人量的增多而降低显著,在0.1%～0.2%之间时降低幅度减小.由无侧...     

化学改良对拜耳法赤泥击实特性的影响研究

拜耳法赤泥具有特殊的物理、水理特性,经过改良处理可用于路基填筑。选择石灰、水泥、磷石膏、复合改性材料对赤泥进行化学改良处理,并分析不同改良材料对赤泥击实特性的影响。试验结果表明:不同材料改良赤泥击实特性差异较大,并随着掺加剂量的变化,每种材料改良赤泥的最佳含水率和最大干密度均呈现不同的增减变化趋势,为拜耳法赤泥改良方法的选择和工程应用提供参考。     

大掺量粉煤灰淤泥固化土的强度与耐久性研究

基于传统水泥和石灰固化处理方法,提出了利用大掺量低钙粉煤灰、水泥和石灰固化剂进行淤泥固化处理的方法,以期改善淤泥的强度和耐久性,达到淤泥和粉煤灰双重资源化利用的目的。通过一系列室内试验,探讨了该方法处理后固化淤泥的击实特征、强度特性、水稳性和耐久性。试验结果表明：淤泥固化后最优含水率有所降低、最大干密度则略有增加;弹性模量、无侧限抗压强度和抗拉强度均有不同程度的增加,水泥掺量越大,养护时间越长,强度和弹性模量越大;固化后淤泥水稳性得到明显改善;浸水软化和冻融循环导致固化土抗压强度显著劣化,冻胀融缩导致设计混合料的无侧限抗压强度减小约22%。     

Acknowledgement for Reviewers for 2021

Mathematical Geosciences -     

Framework for soil suitability evaluation for sewage effluent renovation

Current methods of establishing suitable locations for onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) are inadequate, particularly in light of the numerous cases of onsite system failure and the resulting adverse consequences. The development of a soil suitability framework for assessing soil suitability for OWTS allows a more practical means of assessment. The use of multivariate statistical analysis techniques, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and multi-criteria decision aids of PROMETHEE and GAIA, enabled the identification of suitable soils for effluent renovation. The outcome of the multivariate analysis, together with soil permeability and drainage characteristics permitted the establishment of a framework for assessing soil suitability based on three main soil functions: (1) the ability of the soil to provide suitable effluent renovation, (2) the permeability of the soil, and (3) the soils drainage characteristics. The developed framework was subsequently applied to the research area, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, and the use of standard scoring functions were utilised to provide a scoring system to signify which soils were more suitable for effluent renovation processes. From the assessment, it was found that Chromosol and Kurosol soils provided the highest level of effluent renovation, closely followed by Ferrosol and Dermosol, Kandosol and Rudosol soil types. Tennosol and Podosol soil types were found to have a significantly lower suitability, with Hydrosol soils proving the least suitable for renovating effluent from OWTS.     

A new approach for calculating strain for particulate media

Discrete element modelling is a viable alternative to conventional continuum‐based analysis for analysing problems involving localized deformations of particulate media. However, to aid in the interpretation of the results, it is useful to express the results of discrete element analyses in terms of the continuum parameters of stress and strain. A number of homogenization methods have been proposed to calculate strain in discrete systems; however, two significant limitations of these methods remain. First, none of these methods incorporate particle rotation effects satisfactorily, although significant particle rotation occurs in shear bands in both physical tests and numerical simulations of granular materials. Additionally, observations of the particle displacement fields in shear bands in granular materials indicate that the displacements within the localizations are erratic. Consequently, existing linear, local interpolation approaches produce substantial variations in the strain values calculated in adjacent elements in the region of localization, hindering clear visualization of the strain localization as it evolves. A new method of domain discretization for calculating strain is proposed. This method is capable of capturing particle rotation and employs a non‐local meshfree interpolation procedure capable of smoothing the erratic displacements in strain localizations, which better defines their evolution. The proposed method is validated for problems involving both two and three dimensions. A number of methods are compared with the proposed method and pertinent insights are made. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

湘南锡矿找矿方向探讨

湘南地区蕴藏着丰富的锡矿资源,锡及锡多金属矿矿床(点)分布广泛,类型复杂,它们的形成除与花岗质侵入岩体直接相关外,同时还受到区域地层和地质构造等因素的共同制约。通过对锡矿的地质背景、分布特征、矿床特征与矿化规律、矿床成因及找矿信息和标志的研究,把湘南地区锡矿的找矿归纳为:"划带、圈区、寻体、定位"的找矿模式,不仅从宏观上提出了或解决了锡矿找矿方向的问题,而且近几年来的地质找矿工作得到了实践应用,并取得了丰硕的找矿成果。     

Concept for a Web-based Information System for Flood Management

Recent emergency flood situations at European rivers have revealed the demand for better and in-time information for citizens in flood prone areas about flood development, as well as better coordination of resources and actions during pre-flood phases and its critical stage. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has a large potential to improve the situation. Decisions may be supported by information about resources available at the region and national level, by information about means and access to critical locations at the prevention as well as the evacuation phases, and by including citizens as well as managers into one common information and communication process. The paper outlines the potential of ICT for these aspects.     

Long-term prediction for seismic hazard for radioactive waste disposal

We consider possible approaches to the long-term prediction for seismic hazard in relation to the practical need for the safety of geological disposal of long-lived radioactive waste. The required period of prediction significantly exceeds the one reflected in the set of maps of General Seismic Zoning of the territory of the Russian Federation (GSZ-97). The first geological repository in Russia is planned to be set up in the Nizhnii Kan granite massif in the Krasnoyarsk Krai. This region is an intraplate territory with a relatively high seismic activity. We summarize the analysis of the known empirical generalizations and theoretical principles underlying the seismic hazard prediction. Real seismic events constantly violate forward-looking statements even for relatively short periods of time. These and other arguments suggest that the hypothesis of stationarity of the seismic regime, which is the basis of long-term prediction today, has limited and uncertain applicability in time. Intraplate earthquake prediction is especially uncertain because of the uncertainty in the factor responsible for generating tectonic stresses in these regions. The short horizon of the prediction, based on statistical methods, can be attributed to the nonlinearity of seismic geodynamic processes. Fundamental laws of tectonic processes should be used as the scientific basis for long-term predictions for seismic hazard at the sites chosen for geological disposal of long-lived radioactive waste. These processes can be reflected in models for the migration of the seismically active boundaries of lithospheric plates and the occurrence of seismic activity in intraplate regions.