ICP-OES法测定煤样中磷、铜、铅、锌、镉、铬、镍、钴等元素

采用硝酸—氢氟酸—高氟酸混合体系,微波消解样品,用ICP-OES法测定煤样中微量元素P、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Dd、Ni、Co,快速简便、准确度高。     

断裂、断层、节理、劈理、裂隙、裂缝之间的关系小结

在日常地学研究中,常看到断裂、断层、节理、劈理、裂隙、裂缝之间使用混淆的问题,特别是关于断裂和断层、节理和裂隙与裂缝的。那么,它们之间有哪些联系和区别呢?《地球科学大辞典》中断裂(fracture,rupture)定义为物体受力变形。当应力达到破裂程度时,物体就会发生断开,使物体的连续性和完整性遭到破坏,也称破裂。岩石中的断裂包括裂隙、节理和断层等;不论断裂两侧岩层或岩体是否沿     

深孔电极发射光谱法测定地质样品中Be、B、Pb、Mo、Sn、Cu、Ag、Zn

本法是在样品中加入适量的缓冲剂,使难发挥元素Be形成易挥发的氟化物,与B、Pb、Mo、Sn、Cu、Ag、Zn等元素在同一时间内蒸发,利用深电孔极的分馏效应,有效地降低光谱背景以及被测元素的检出限。加入内标元素,提高了方法的准确度和精密度。采用深孔电极,取样量大,代表性好。一次摄谱,同时检测多个元素,大大提高了工作效率,又减少了测试费用。方法操作简便,适合于大批量样品的测试。检出限ω(B)/10-6分别达到:Be:0.50、B:0.91、Sn:0.50、Ag:0.02等,均满足《覆盖区多目标地球化学调查样品测试及质量监控暂行规定》规定。     

应用发射光谱法测定银、硼、铅、钼、锡

介绍了采用以电弧为光源的发射光谱法测定银、硼、铅、钼、锡的应用过程;认为通过对仪器的适当改造,应用现代的研究成果,可以快速提升实验室检测能力。     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

美国主要金、银、铜、铅、锌矿床

美国地质调查局对美国大约99%的原始资源量在2 t以上的金矿、85 t以上的银矿、50000 t以上的铜矿、30000 t以上的铅矿和50000 t以上的锌矿进行了统计.从1996年的全国矿产资源评价开始,美国地调局系统地建立了这些矿床的数据库,统称之为"主要"矿床.截止至1996年12月31日,该数据库已收录了1118条单个矿床或矿区的记录.对于这种规模的数据库的维护、更新和分析要比管理诸如"矿产资源数据系统"和"矿业地区系统"等超过100000条记录的数据库容易得多.然而这个主要矿床数据库却包含了美国这几种金属矿床几乎所有的历史产量和已查明的保有资源量.约有30%的金、22%的银、42%的铜、39%的铅和46%的锌产于二战后发现的矿床中.即使在一个主要矿床的数据库中,也存在个别矿床中的历史产量及保有资源量分布不均匀的现象.每一种金属的最大10个矿床分别拥有了美国1/3的金、60%的银、68%的铜、85%的铅和75%的锌产量.从查明的保有资源量上看,最大的10个矿床分别占有43%的金、56%的银、48%的铜、94%的铅和72%的锌.每一种金属的主要矿床的查明资源量要低于1996年全国矿产资源评价对未发现矿床资源量估计的平均值.已查明资源量与累积的历史产量大体相当.假设未发现矿床中也有基本相同的资源量比例,将有大量的主要矿床有待发现.     

发射光谱法测定化探样品中的Cu、Pb、Zn、Co、Ag、Sn、Mo和B

以Al2O3、K2S2O7、NaF、C作为缓冲剂与样品混匀,装入石墨电极中,以平头石墨电极为上电极,样品电极为下电极进行摄谱,由光电译谱仪测定谱线的黑度值,以锗为内标用内标法测定样品中Cu、Pb、Zn、Co、Ag、Sn、Mo和B的质量分数。     

磷矿石中磷、钙、镁、锶、氟测定方法评述

本文系统分析了磷矿石高含量磷、钙、镁、锶、氟诸元素存在时对其测定的相互影响及其测定中存在的问题,比较全面地总结了国内分析工作者针对该问题,对诸难测元素在常规分析方法方面的工作进展。     

砂金中金、银、硅、铁、铜、铋、砷的测定

金含量较高，采用高铈盐容量法。铁、铜、银采有原子吸收，硅采用等离子光谱，铋和砷采用氩化物原子荧光法测定。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

等离子体质谱法测定岩石中的锆、铪、铌、钽

本文建立了用HF、HNO3 在高压釜内溶解样品 ,准确测定花岗岩样品中Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf的ICP MS分析方法。分析结果与推荐值的偏差在 5 %以内。该方法具有简单、准确、测定元素多的特点。本文还对高压釜酸溶和碱熔方法进行了对比实验。     

Analysis of F, Al, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Ca and Mg concentrations in brick teas from main producing areas in China

Brick-tea-type fluorosis is a peculiar endemic disease in China, which had been discovered in minority areas of western China since 1980, and distributed mainly in Tibet, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Qinghai and parts of Sichuan Province. The prevalence rate of fluorosis in Tibetan and Mongolian nationality people was higher. Epidemiological investigation showed that fluorosis morbidity and degrees were different in different brick-tea drinking areas, and it was probably caused by drinking various kinds of brick tea from different regions. Therefore, we collected 33 samples of brick tea from six provinces where minority nationalities were accustomed to drinking a large quantity of brick tea. F concentrations were determined by the combustion hydrolysis-ion selective electrode method. The results showed that among the brick teas, the F concentrations ranged from the minimum 74.1 mg/kg in Yunnan Province to the maximum 991.2 mg/kg in Sichuan Province. Besides, there was a great difference among the various kinds of brick tea, and F concentrations decreased in the order of Kang brick tea, Green brick tea, Black brick tea, Mi brick tea, Fu brick tea, Chitsu ping tea, Puerh tea, and Tuo tea. The average F concentration in brick teas was 431.92 mg/kg.     

湖北宜昌王家湾五峰组顶部Chondrites的发现及其环境意义

本文报道了湖北宜昌王家湾剖面五峰组笔石页岩段观音桥层发现的遗迹化石Chondrites的分布及其生态特点。结合生物相和同期上扬子海盆相对海平面的变化,分析了盆地水体底域在缺氧一富氧转折时期的古氧相变化特征：指出五峰组笔石页岩段上部地层沉积底域为典型的缺氧环境,在其与上覆观音桥段之间的沉积转换面附近发生了从无氧到有氧的转变,观音桥段中Hirnantia动物群繁盛于富氧的海底环境。     

Chemical characteristics of groundwater in parts of mountainous region, Alvand, Hamadan, Iran

Eighty-seven groundwater samples have been collected from a mountainous region (Alvand, Iran) for hydrochemical investigations to understand the sources of dissolved ions and assess the chemical quality of the groundwater. Most water quality parameters are within World Health Organization acceptable limits set for drinking water. The least mineralized water is found closest to the main recharge zones and the salinity of water increased towards the north of the basin. The most prevalent water type is Ca–HCO₃ followed by water types Ca–NO₃, Ca–Cl, Ca–SO₄ and Mg–HCO₃. The Ca–NO₃ water type is associated with high nitrate pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities were associated with elevated level of NO₃⁻. Mineral dissolution/weathering of evaporites dominates the major element hydrochemistry of the area. Chemical properties of groundwater in Alvand region are controlled both by natural geochemical processes and anthropogenic activities.     

Alteration of Chalcocite in Tamoshan,Siujen,Kuangsi

It is the purpose of this paper to state briefly the alteration of chalcociteand its products.The specimens were collected by W.Y.Chang' fromTamoshan~2,about 675 m above sea-level.The exact locality of occurrence ison the west slope of the Yao Mountain~(?),12 km SE of Chichenchieh~4,15 kmNE of Tungmu~(?),and 48 km SW of the Siujen~(?) City.     

贵州安顺地区岩腊片区水淹坝岩溶内涝成因分析

水淹坝岩溶内涝是安顺市西秀区发育最大范围的岩溶内涝,严重制约了当地经济发展。本文以岩溶地下水系统为单元,通过开展1:10000水文地质调查、地球物理勘探、水文地质钻探等手段,查明内涝所在区的岩溶发育特征、水文地质条件。在此基础上分析得出,水力坡度小、岩层倾角缓造成地下河管道淤塞;人类工程活动使有水落水洞口堵塞,加之广阔的集雨面积和连续的强降雨是造成水淹坝岩溶内涝的主要原因。通过对水淹坝内涝成因分析,为岩溶内涝灾害综合整治提供参考依据。     

ICP-MS测定土壤中的As、Cr、Pb、Se、Cu和Zn

本文用电感耦合等离子质谱法(ICP-MS)测定了土壤的As、Cr、Pb、Se、Cu和Zn6种微量元素的质量分数,以In作为内标进行基体效应的补偿,方法快速灵敏,回收率为92.4%～106.8%,相对标准偏差小于5.0%,结果达到国家标准要求。     

西藏东喜马拉雅错那地区亚马荣淡色花岗岩的年代学、地球化学与岩石成因

本文通过对东喜马拉雅错那地区亚马荣岩体的地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素研究,试图探索亚马荣岩体的形成机制,解释地壳深熔作用过程。锆石U-Pb定年获得两期年龄,分别为14.4Ma和17Ma,结合前人已有结果,本文认为错那地区的深熔作用至少持续5Myr时间。亚马荣岩体具有较高Si O2(71.85%~72.91%)、Al2O3(15.30%~15.67%)含量,较低的Fe2O3T(0.58%~0.90%)、Ca O(0.72%~1.05%)含量,铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为1.08~1.22;锆石Ti温度计、εHf(t)的变化以及大离子亲石元素Rb/Sr比值和Ba含量之间的协变关系都说明,错那淡色花岗岩形成过程中存在多种熔融方式,经历了脱水熔融和水致熔融的转变,发生熔融反应的转变可能与藏南东-西向伸展构造的启动有关。     

Roles of xenomelts,xenoliths, xenocrysts,xenovolatiles, residues,and skarns in the genesis,transport, and localization of magmatic Fe-Ni-Cu-PGE sulfides and chromite

Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations.