基于多像对的近景摄影测量相机对标定

本文利用共线方程进行线性变换与非线性变换的方法实现非量测型相机标定,分三步求解相机内方位元素、透镜畸变参数、外方位元素,再利用解析相对定向方法进行固定相机对的相对模型参数的标定。利用多像对相对定向得到与绝对模型大小一致的立体模型,在求解地物尺寸大小这类不需要坐标数据的应用上非常有效。     

多影像空三平差辅助下的车载全景相机严密标定方法

针对目前全景相机标定方法的研究现状,提出了一种多影像光束法空三平差辅助下的全景相机内参数严密标定方法。首先建立全景相机标定场,对组成全景相机的每台单相机的内参数进行标定;然后按照预先设计好的摄影参数,旋转摄影获取全景相机在标定场中多个不同摄影方向的影像,利用其中一个摄站的标定影像和物方控制点通过空间后方交会的方法解算单相机之间的初始相对方位元素,即粗标定;最后将所有摄站的标定影像构建区域网并进行光束法空三平差,获取精确的全景相机参数,即严密标定。试验表明,文中提出的全景相机标定方法可以提高标定结果的精度和可靠性,为全景影像的拼接、量测及真彩点云的生成等后续研究和应用奠定可靠的基础。     

基于平面控制格网的相机标定算法研究

提出了一种基于平面控制格网的相机标定方法。推导了一种简单实用的在平面场景中利用二维直接线性变换和共线方程分解相机外方位元素初值的算法;引入了基于共面条件的约束条件方程,从而建立了基于附加约束条件的自检校光束法平差用于相机的精确标定。实际图像数据实验结果表明该方法同单纯基于标定点的算法相比标定精度明显提高。主点和焦距均达到了子像素的标定精度。检查点的平面和深度方向相对精度优于1/27000和1/38000。可以满足高精度近景三维量测的要求。     

一种倾斜影像外方位元素计算方法

提出一种利用相机POS数据和少量影像数据标定倾斜相机间位置关系并计算倾斜影像粗略外方位元素的方法。首先对选取的垂直和倾斜影像进行影像匹配,获得精确同名点坐标;然后垂直影像同名点对前方交会获得地面点坐标,接着倾斜影像后方交会获得其外方位元素;最后利用倾斜和垂直影像的外方位元素标定子相机间的相对关系,并根据相对关系求出所有倾斜影像的外方位元素。采用AMC580倾斜影像数据进行试验,结果表明:提出方法可求得所有倾斜影像的粗略外方位元素,并验证了外方位元素的直接对地定位精度,证明了该方法的可行性。     

测角法非量测数码相机实验室几何标定

非量测数码相机凭借其自身特有的优点,成为了摄影测量获取影像的主要设备之一,广泛应用于摄影测量中。由于其内方位元素和畸变参数未知,本文介绍了一种利用测角法进行几何标定的方法,通过测定平行光线的入射角度和其对应像片上的像点坐标,根据镜头畸变平方和最小的原则解算出内方位元素和畸变参数。研究表明该方法对主距、主点的标定精度可达到μm级,该方法用于非量测型数码相机的几何参数标定是完全可行的。     

基于二维DLT的非量测相机检较

非量测数码相机由于价格低廉、使用方便等原因成为近景摄影测量获取影像的主要设备之一。但非量测相机的内方位元素和畸变系数未知,不能直接利用共线方程进行解析计算,因而必须对相机进行检校。而相机参数检校成果质量的高低直接关系着能否满足测量精度的要求。本文提出了基于二维直接线性变换(DLT)的相机标定算法,利用平面控制点解算出像点坐标和相应物点物方空间坐标之间的线性关系,再结合内方位元素及畸变参数的解算进行迭代,以得到满足一定精度要求的相机参数(x0,y0,f,k1,k2,p1,p2),并用MATLAB加以实现。     

空间直角关系条件的拓展角锥体法影像解析

为实现对建筑物目标近景影像高效的解析,在角锥体法原理基础上提出拓展角锥体法.首先对影像上建筑物的空间直角关系进行分类,并提出空间直角关系理论.应用该方法对空间直角关系条件下影像内、外方位元素等影像参数分步解算.试验表明该方法具有较好解算效果和精度,无需附加控制条件,能够满足城市三维建模及地理信息数据采集的精度要求,适用于控制条件不足的非量测相机摄取的近景影像解析.     

数字相机在类似棋盘检校场中的检校方法研究

针对众多非量测单相机的检校方法,通过分析数码相机的误差来源,并考虑相机的内、外方位元素和物镜光学畸变等因素引起的误差,提出一种基于类似棋盘检校场的数字相机检校方法。利用共线方程和二维DLT之间的关系导出了由二维DLT的9个参数表达的主纵线方程,构建同形矩阵,通过不同摄站拍摄目标的多幅影像,求得内、外方位元素的初始值,并由多张影像的空间后方交会求出相机需要检校参数,再由假设检验来检验相机系统参数的显著性。经实例分析表明,利用改进后的方法求解参数的精度满足实际需求,且效率更高。     

一种基于序列影像匹配的独立树冠可视化方法

介绍采用非量测相机与序列影像匹配实现独立树冠3维重建的方法。主要包括从影像提取特征点：使用多基线影像与金字塔分层相关技术进行特征点匹配;解算影像的相对方位参数;由前方交会求出各特征点的模型坐标;由模型坐标构造树冠表面三角网;由纹理映射得到树冠3维模型景观图,实现树木可视化的真3维表达。     

一种平面薄片零件单目视觉测量方法

针对传统的零件质量测量手段操作复杂、效率低等问题,该文提出基于大像幅非量测数码相机的单目视觉检测方法。首先基于二维直接线性变换和光束法平差进行相机内参数的标定;其次基于平面控制点信息进行单幅影像外方位元素的解算;然后进行影像的畸变纠正和垂直纠正;最后基于轮廓线的多特征提取方法求解零件特征参数等。将大像幅非量测数码相机用于较大平面薄片类零件检测的结果与三坐标量测仪的检测数据对比,实验结果表明,其量测误差小于0.1mm,满足较大幅平面薄片类零件尺寸量测的要求。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。