兰州—天水地区三维重力反演及其地质解释

本文利用重力资料对兰州—天水地区的深部构造进行了研究。在计算中,采用Parker-Oldenbarg三维位场反演方法,反演前对重力资料进行了地形改正和中新生代沉积层校正。根据反演结果,综合分析了有关资料,认为该区为青藏块体过渡带,并且提出了陇中盆地为断块型构造盆地的新认识。     

南祁连盆地重力异常特征及其地质意义

南祁连盆地具有丰富的油气资源,盆地内部坳陷边界、基底深度及内部构造控制着油气资源的分布.为落实南祁连盆地内部坳陷及构造分布,笔者充分利用多年来在研究区及周缘完成的各类勘探资料,以南祁连盆地的重力数据为主,结合相关资料,开展重力数据处理和综合反演解释,分析提取反映深大断裂的重力异常信息,并基于重力异常完成主要坳陷的密度界面深度反演和剖面2.5维反演,推断南祁连主要沉积盆地和坳陷的基底深度及起伏变化,进而综合讨论研究区主要坳陷的油气远景,为南祁连盆地油气资源战略调查和进一步勘探选区提供了依据.     

卫星重力资料在柬埔寨磅逊盆地中的应用研究

柬埔寨磅逊盆地位于泰国湾东部,构造上处于古特提斯缝合带东侧,属于中-古生代盆地,早期(石炭-二叠系)为板内克拉通盆地,晚期(晚三叠纪)由于北部抬升逐渐转换为板块边缘,受构造运动的多期改造变成陆内裂谷盆地.长期以来,磅逊盆地石油地质勘探研究程度很低.没有进行过任何油气勘探工作,缺乏地震、钻井资料.为了深入分析评价该区油气勘探潜力,此次研究综合应用新采集的2D地震资料和高精度卫星重力数据(样点分布密度:0.02°×0.02°),根据重力场理论,利用全球重力场模型(EGM96)计算了布格重力异常、重力垂向二阶导数和重力水平总梯度异常.利用地震资料对卫星重力资料进行约束反演、综合解释,预测了盆地基底埋深,分析了构造特征,划分了构造单元,为下一步勘探研究指明了方向.     

龙门山及其邻区地球物理场与地震的关系

龙门山及其邻区地处青藏高原东缘，地质构造上处于不同构造单元的交汇地区。龙门山断裂带由多条大型推覆构造组成，利用重力资料对该区深部构造进行了研究。计算中采用Ｐａｒｋｅｒ－Ｏｌｃｌｅｎｂｕｒｇ三维位场反演方法。根据反演结果，综合其它地球物理和区域地质资料，研究了该区的地球物理场和地震的关系。     

中国西部盆地及周边地区区域重力场和地壳构造

根据中国西部盆地现有重力与地震资料以及新生代沉积层资料,给出了各盆地的深部重力异常场。应用重力数据结合地震资料反演计算了各盆地及其周边的地壳厚度分布。讨论并分析了各盆地重力场、地壳构造。指出了各盆地油气储集的远景地带和地区。     

龙门山及其邻地区地球物理场与地震的关系

龙门山及其邻区地处青藏高原东缘，地质构造上处于不同构造单元的交汇地区。龙门山断裂带由多条大型推覆构造组成，利用重力资料对该区深部构造进行了研究。中采用Ｐａｒｋｅｒ－Ｏｌｃｌｅｎｂｒｕｇ三维位场反演方法。     

苏北盆地重力场及地壳结构特征

苏北盆地作为中国东部重要的油气开发基地,近年来广泛受到学者们的关注,其以箕状凹陷为典型特征,具有"坳-断-坳"3层结构,为了对苏北盆地地壳结构做进一步分析,本文利用布格重力数据通过重力小波多尺度分解法和Parker密度界面反演法对苏北盆地的深浅部构造进行了反演,以重力小波细节为基础对苏北盆地内部次级构造单元进行了划分,并基于地震资料和深部构造特征,分析了苏北盆地的孕震环境,影响其地震活动性的主要是板块因素和断裂因素,地震主要沿构造体边界处分布.结合前人研究资料,对苏北盆地的成因机制、应力环境、深部构造进行了分析,揭示了苏北盆地莫霍面深部构造与浅部构造呈同相的关系,认为苏北盆地自中生代形成以来,除了受苏鲁造山带逆冲推覆体的控制,还受郯庐断裂带不同时期左旋及右旋运动交替变换的构造应力场的影响.     

欧拉反褶积法在航空重力勘探中的应用

在论述欧拉反褶积基础理论与方法的基础上,以我国某海域航空重力资料为例,对该海域内地质异常体(侵入岩、断鼻构造)及断裂构造等进行了欧拉反褶积反演计算,获得了场源深度等信息,确定了场源位置及边界,并与航空布格重力异常、垂向导数、上延、水平梯度模、剩余异常以及重磁联合反演结果等资料相互验证,取得了很好的应用效果.基于该地区的反演效果,证明欧拉反褶积法可应用于航空重力勘探中,可为其他航空重力勘探区计算场源位置及深度信息提供可靠并且准确的研究方法,从而达到辅助航空重力勘探测量的效果.     

基于Lp范数(0＜p＜0.5)约束的裂陷盆地基底非线性重力反演

利用重力反演沉积盆地基底起伏是油气重力勘探研究的一个重要方面.随着地质目标勘探难度逐渐增大,亟需提高重力反演盆地基底的精细程度.本文研究了基于Lp范数约束的非线性重力反演方法,反演结果能更好地符合裂陷盆地基底起伏特征.反演时假设沉积盆地基底和沉积层均为单一岩性,即沉积层与基底的密度差为常数.将基底之上的沉积层剖分为垂直并置的棱柱体,用棱柱体底面深度近似沉积盆地基底深度,其为待反演的参数.利用Ekblom范数近似Lp范数的表达式,并建立Lp范数意义下的参数向量函数,将其与重力误差函数结合得到非线性反演的目标函数.利用二维裂陷盆地模型进行试算,结果表明当p取0.2时能较准确的反演裂陷盆地基底起伏形态,其应用效果优于基于L0范数和L1范数的约束反演方法.将本文方法应用于南海珠江口盆地实际重力资料反演,将反演的基底深度与地震剖面解释结果进行对比,结果表明该反演方法具有较好的实用性.     

裂陷盆地基底双界面模式二维重力反演

裂陷盆地基底的起伏表现为非光滑的几何形态,传统的重力反演结果并不能很好地反映这种特点.此外,大多数情况下,重力观测面并不位于盆地上界面,应为单独的起伏观测面,盆地应为上界面和基底组成的双界面模式.基于此,本文研究了起伏观测面上裂陷盆地基底双界面模式二维重力反演方法.研究中假设沉积盆地的沉积层与基底的密度差随深度按双曲线规律变化.将沉积盆地的沉积层剖分成相邻的垂直柱体,其水平尺寸是已知的,顶面与沉积层上界面重合,底面深度代表基底的深度,即为要反演的参数.反演中引入全变差函数作为盆地模型的约束,使得反演结果呈现非光滑形态,符合裂陷盆地基底特征.为减小反演多解性,引入已知深度点作为约束.建立由重力数据拟合、已知深度约束及全变差函数组成的目标函数,采用非线性共轭梯度算法使目标函数最小化.模型试算结果表明该方法可反演裂陷盆地基底起伏,并通过调整正则化参数的值可反演坳陷盆地基底起伏.将该反演方法用于珠江口盆地惠州凹陷和运城-临汾裂陷盆地实际资料处理,其结果较好地反映了裂陷盆地基底起伏特征,为研究盆地构造、油气勘探等提供重要参考.     

Crustal electric structure of Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region in the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China

Through the analysis and 2-D inversion for the 5 profiles in Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region (105°～107°E,36°～37.5°N) in the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, we have obtained the electric structure within a range of 160 km in width (east-west) and 60 km in depth in the studied area. The results show that the crustal electric structure can be divided into 6 sections, corresponding respectively to Xiji basin (Ⅰ), Xihuashan-Nanhuashan uplift (Ⅱ), Xingrenbu-Haiyuan basin (Ⅲ), Zhongwei-Qingshuihe basin (Ⅳ), Zhongning-Hongsibu basin (Ⅴ) and west-margin zone of Ordos (Ⅵ) from the southwest to the northeast. The crustal electric structure is characterized by a broom-shaped pattern, which scatters to the northwest and shrinks to the southeast. The structures in the top part of Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region are complete and large, however, they diminish from the arc top to the northwest and southeast ends. In the depth from 0 km to 10 km, the resistivity is high in the sections Ⅱ and Ⅵ, but relatively low in the other four sections, showing a similar pattern of basin depression. The electrical basement in the section Ⅲ is the deepest, displaying a "dustpan" shape that is deep in the southwest and shallow in the northeast. A series of discontinuous zones with high conductivity exist in the middle-lower crust in Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region, which is possibly related to the moderate and strong earthquakes in the region. The resistivity distribution in the focal area of the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake is significantly heterogeneous with an obviously high conductivity zone near the hypocenter regime.     

柴达木盆地托素湖不同位置岩芯沉积物指标对比及其环境意义

湖泊不同位置岩芯沉积物相同代用指标的变化是否一致对于重建可靠的区域气候变化历史至关重要.目前多数研究仅利用深水区单一的沉积岩芯来反演区域的气候环境变化,对于不同位置岩芯重建结果的异同尚缺乏研究.本文选择托素湖不同位置、不同水深的4根短钻岩芯沉积物,在放射性核素(210 Pb和137 Cs)定年的基础上,对比分析各岩芯沉积物粒度、碳酸盐含量等代用指标的变化情况.结果显示,湖泊内相近的沉积岩芯沉积物粒度变化相似,但相距较远的岩芯之间粒度变化差异较大;浅水区的沉积物粒度(粒径或组分含量)在短时间尺度上变化很大,而深水区的沉积环境比较稳定,在百年尺度上的变化不明显;有机质与碳酸盐含量总体变化趋势一致且有较好的相关性,表明碳酸盐可能受到湖泊生产力的影响.碳酸盐含量、碳酸盐氧同位素(δ18 O)和TL06孔孢粉的A/C比值变化基本一致,反映的有效湿度变化与同期气象记录的相对湿度一致,但与降水量和蒸发量的变化不一致.因此,托素湖粒度指标仅指示不同位置钻孔沉积环境状况,与气候变化的关系并不明显,用碳酸盐及其同位素等地球化学指标恢复区域气候变化历史更可靠.     

The vP Velocity Structures of Sub-blocks in the North China Craton from Active Source Waveform Modeling and Tectonic Implications

We present the 1-D crustal velocity structure of the major tectonic blocks of the North China Craton(NCC) along 36°N based on synthetic seismogram modeling of long-range wide-angle reflection/refraction data. This profile extends from southwest Yan'an of central Shaanxi Province of China(109.47°E), across the southern Trans-North China Orogen(TNCO), the southwestern part of the North China Plain(NCP), the Luxi Uplift(LU) and the Sulu Orogen(SLO), ending at Qingdao City of Shandong Province, the eastern margin of China(120.12°E) along 36°N. We utilized reflectivity synthetic seismogram modeling of the active source data to develop 1-D velocity structures of the sub-blocks of the NCC. Our final model shows that the NCC crust varies remarkably among the tectonic units with different velocity structure features. Higher lower crustal velocity and Moho depth ～42 km is a major feature of the crust beneath southern Ordos Blockt. The TNCO which is composed of Lyuliangshan Mountains(LM), Shanxi Graben(SXG) and Taihangshan Mountains(TM) shows dominant trans-orogenic features. The NCP shows a dominant thickening of sediments, sharp crust thinning with Moho depth ～32 km and significant lower average velocity. The SLO and the LU shows a stratified crust, higher average velocity and crust thinning with Moho depth of ～35 km. Our model shows the coincidence between the deep structure and the surface geology among all the tectonic sub-blocks of the NCC.     

京西盆岭构造区积累库仑破裂应力变化对强震的影响

Since 231 B. C.,a total of 15 M6.0 - 7.5 earthquakes have been recorded in the west Beijing basin-range tectonic region( 38.3°- 41.5° E,112°- 116.2° N),a region mainly under the action of tensional normal faulting. In this paper,we calculate the Coulomb stress change of each earthquake and the cumulative Coulomb stress change,and on this basis we analyze the stress triggering of strong earthquakes. The research shows that there are 10 of 14 earthquakes that occurred in the trigger zones,in which the Coulomb stress change is positive,and the trigger rate is 71%. The positive areas of cumulative Coulomb stress change caused by these 15 earthquakes are: middle of northern Liulengshan fault,Northern Huaizhuo basin fault,Xinbaoan-Shacheng fault,Sangganhe fault and Southern Yuxian basin fault. This necessarily increases the seismic risk of these faults and can be used as a reference for future seismic risk analysis in this area.     

Crustal structure in northern margin of Tianshan mountains and seismotectonics of the 1906 Manas earthquake

Introduction The Tianshan orogenic belt between the Tarim and Junggar basins has re-uplifted in Cenozoic due to the collision and the northwards push-compression of Asia-India plate. The special active tectonic zones have been formed along both south and north margins of the Tianshan mountains (FENG, et al, 1991). The Tianshan seismic belt is one of the major seismic belts in China. A se-ries of strong earthquakes occurred in two flanks of the Tianshan mountains in 20th century, such as …     

联合利用走时与波形反演技术研究地壳三维速度结构(Ⅱ)——应用

使用阻尼最小二乘法进行震源参数和地壳三维速度结构的走时联合反演．所用资料为Ｓ波和Ｐ波到时差,并用人工地震资料的二维解释结果作为三维速度模型的特定约束条件．为建立初始模型,又利用天然地震构成了准二维剖面．在走时反演基础上,利用遗传算法进行了几个地震事件的波形反演尝试,并对走时反演获得的地壳速度结构模型的局部进行了修正．以３４°～４２°Ｎ,９４°～１１２°Ｅ作为研究区域,在该区域中收集了１９８６年以来大量地震的Ｓ波和Ｐ波到时差资料,７条人工地震二维速度剖面资料和２个数字化地震台的几个地震的三分向记录资料．对这些资料进行了处理,最后得出了０～２５ｋｍ深度不同截面的速度分布,并对所得结果进行了分析．     

Relocation of microearthquakes in Beijing and its northwest neighbouring area

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A preliminary model for 3-D rheological structure of the lithosphere in North China

3-D rheological structure is mainly the spatial distribution of lithospheric strength or viscos-ity, its strength and viscosity are indispensable parameters in quantitative study of the lithosphere deformation. Plate tectonics theory initially divided the…     

江淮地震区整体稳定性和局部不稳定性及未来中强地震预报探讨

应用系统整体稳定和局部不稳定两种状态预测地震的思想,根据历史地震分布及地震构造环境等选定２９°～３４°３０′Ｎ,１１０°～１２５°Ｅ区域作为相对独立的地震活动暂定态系统．寻找其内部非线性区,判定该区域内地震活动趋势和未来应重点关注的地区．判断结果与１９９６年１１月南黄海地震基本对应     

Geometric form of Haiyuan fault zone in the crustal interior and dynamics implications

The deep seismic reflection data on profile HY2 are reprocessed by the method of simultaneous inversion of velocity distribution and interface position. By the travel-time inversion with the data of the diving wave Pg and fault plane reflection wave, we determine the geometric form and velocity of Haiyuan fault zone interior and surrounding rock down to 10 km depth. The measured data show that the amplitudes have strong attenuation in the range of stake number 37–39 km, suggesting the fault zone has considerable width in the crustal interior. The results of this paper indicate that to the north of the fault zone the crystalline basement interface upheaves gradually from southwest to northeast and becomes shallow gradually towards northeast, and that to the south of the fault zone, within the basin between Xihua and Nanhua mountains, the folded basement becomes shallow gradually towards southwest. The obliquity of the fault zone is about 70° above the 3 km depth, about 60° in the range of the 3–10 km depths. From the results of this paper and other various citations, we believe that Haiyuan fault zone is in steep state from the Earth’s surface to the depth of 10 km. Foundation item: Joint Seismological Science Foundation of China (201001) and State Key Basic Research Development and Programming Project (95-13-02-02). Contribution No. RCEG200308, Exploration Geophysical Center, China Earthquake Administration.