基于地面实测光谱的土壤有机质含量预测

以德兴铜矿尾矿坝附近的土壤为研究对象,在实验室内利用ASD便携式光谱仪对研究区内68组土壤样本进行了测定,并通过研究土壤反射光谱特征,选择了反射率的对数微分变换作为土壤有机质(soil organic matter,SOM)预测模型的因变量;通过对土壤有机质含量与土壤光谱特征的相关分析,将402 nm与2 312 nm波段反射率的对数微分变换结果参与模型建立;最终,从多元回归分析和模糊数学2个角度建立了有机质含量的预测模型。结果表明:基于模糊数学的研究方法优于多元线性回归方法,相关系数达到89.3%,平均相对误差较小。因此,地面实测光谱可以用于预测土壤的有机质含量。该方法具有周期短、成本低等特点。     

高光谱土壤有机质估测模型对比研究

应用高光谱技术探讨土壤有机质含量定量估测方法,对发展精细农业具有重要意义。本文利用陕西省横山县的实测数据,采用对数的一阶微分变换方法对土样的高光谱数据进行处理,分别采用线性回归分析法、BP神经网络法、模糊识别法建立高光谱土壤有机质含量估测模型,并对比分析其精度,确定最优的光谱反演模型。实验结果表明:模糊识别模型的决定系数达到0.973,RMSE为0.0468%;比线性模型和BP神经网络模型精度都高。研究表明,土壤有机质光谱反演不仅要重视机理研究,同时要加强光谱反演建模方法创新。     

采煤拉张裂隙区土壤有机质高光谱反演

煤炭开采产生的拉张裂隙破坏土壤结构,影响土壤质量。利用高光谱技术对裂隙区土壤的重要成分进行监测,对精确恢复裂隙区土壤质量及改善农业产量具有重要意义。本文首先在淮北朱庄煤矿采煤拉张裂隙区采集了90组土壤样品,并在室内测定了土壤样本光谱;然后将反射率值与测定的有机质含量进行相关分析,选取对有机质敏感的特征波段;最后利用偏最小二乘、BP神经网络进行建模,并评价各模型的精度。研究表明,本文反演效果较理想,比较所建模型精度,一阶微分与偏最小二乘模型(FDPLSR)建模效果最佳。FD-PLSR模型建模集和验证集的R²分别为0.876 1、0.845 9,RMSE分别为0.497 2、0.680 6。该研究可为采煤拉张裂隙区土壤有机质含量监测提供一定的技术支持。     

基于地貌类型的土壤有机质多光谱遥感反演

基于地貌类型分析土壤有机质含量与多光谱遥感影像光谱波段之间相关关系,构建不同地貌类型区有机质含量反演模型。结果表明,各波段光谱反射率与土壤有机质含量均呈负相关关系。利用SPSS软件对所有波段进行剔除变量(remove)线性回归分析,当全部波段参与构建反演模型时,一次反演模型拟合效果较好。分地貌类型区构建土壤有机质反演模型精度高于整个区域反演模型精度,与实际值对比,当允许误差为7%时,土壤有机质含量识别度为91.65%。基于地貌类型构建土壤有机质含量反演模型提取研究区土壤有机质含量切实可行,且精度较高。     

耕层土壤有机质高光谱间接估测模型

针对光学遥感技术只能获取表层土壤光谱信息而无法直接估测耕层土壤有机质含量的问题,探索建立基于表层土壤高光谱信息的耕层土壤有机质间接估测模型。以山东省济南市章丘区采集的76个表层、耕层土壤样本数据为基础,首先分析原始光谱反射率的光谱特征;然后利用反射率的一阶微分、平方根的一阶微分和对数倒数的一阶微分等方法对原始光谱反射率进行变换,并根据极大相关性原则选取估测因子;最后根据表层土壤有机质含量与耕层有机质含量间的内在关系,建立耕层土壤有机质含量的间接估测模型。结果表明,以557、1 621、2 107和2 316 nm波段对数倒数的一阶微分变换值和864 nm波段反射率平方根倒数一阶微分的变换值为估测因子,使用二次函数关系模型对耕层土壤有机质含量间接估测的精度最高,其决定系数R~2为0.784,平均相对误差为10.7%。研究表明,利用表层土壤高光谱信息间接估测耕层有机质含量可行有效。     

土壤有机质含量地面高光谱估测模型对比分析

采用高光谱技术获得的数据进行土壤有机质含量的反演和估测是近年来的研究热点。为确定有效的估测建模方法,利用地面实测的土壤高光谱反射率及有机质含量等数据,采用小波分析方法实现去噪,包络线去除法实现建模参数提取和数据量压缩,结合多种不同的数据变换方法,利用BP神经网络法、多元线性回归法及最小二乘回归法建立不同的估测模型。对比发现,BP神经网络模型的估测效果优于回归模型,其中结合对数的平方变换和神经网络所建立的模型为最优估测模型,模型的决定系数达到0. 933,检验样本的均方根误差达到0. 069。实验证明,BP神经网络+对数的平方变换模型的学习机制适用于土壤有机质含量地面高光谱估测且效果好。通过在建模因子层面上进行数据变换建立了较好的估测模型,其研究方法、模型和结论,对土壤有机质含量地面高光谱估测具有一定的参考意义。     

黑土地硒含量的航空高光谱综合反演模型

针对单纯利用光谱信息建立土壤硒含量反演模型时,通常会产生模型精度受限、模型参数难以解释的问题,该文基于硒的空间分布影响因素开展综合建模.以黑龙江省海伦典型黑土区为研究区,利用CASI/SASI航空高光谱数据、土壤理化性质和地形因子,在筛选模型变量的基础上采用随机森林法建立综合模型.结果 表明:硒与土壤理化性质的关系非常密切,其中与有机质、全氮、全磷、Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO、CaO、pH呈极显著正相关,与SiO2、Na2O呈极显著负相关;硒与地形因子的关系相对较弱,其中与起伏度和地形粗糙指数呈显著正相关.在光谱特征上,硒与光谱反射率的相关性主要体现了有机质和铁锰氧化物的光谱吸收特征.将筛选的相关指标按照不同组合方式进行建模和对比讨论,结果显示光谱、理化性质和地形因子均对提升模型精度有贡献,整体上光谱和理化性质占主导地位.当模型自变量为全部3类数据时,模型的建模和验证精度均为最高,表明综合模型不仅提升了硒元素的建模精度,而且改善了模型的稳健性.     

一种基于多元统计分析的土壤含水量高光谱反演模型

为建立方便、快速、大尺度区域土壤含水量估测模型,对陕西省横山县实验区83个土壤样本光谱数据进行研究。对光谱数据进行一阶微分变换处理,提高土壤含水量与变换后光谱数据的相关性,根据相关系数的大小,选取1 412,1 549,1 586,1 842,1 976和2 032 nm五个波段的反射率作为最佳建模反演因子,运用多元统计的原理建立土壤含水量反演模型。实验结果表明,利用因子R1 412,R1 549和R1 842组合建立起的预测方程效果最好,预测方程的相关系数为0.960 1,RMSE(中误差)为1.934 2。这表明建立的土壤含水量反演模型是可行的,模型具有较高的精度。     

土壤钾含量高光谱定量反演研究

为了更快捷准确地进行土壤钾(K)含量的预测,基于土壤高光谱数据和化学元素分析数据,研究土壤光谱与土壤钾含量之间的定量关系.在对土壤原始光谱进行处理分析基础上,提取反射率(R)、反射率倒数的对数(log(1/R))、反射率一阶微分(R')和波段深度(BD)4种光谱指标,运用偏最小二乘回归方法建立相应的预测模型,并对模型进行检验.结果表明,波段深度是估算土壤钾含量最好的光谱指标,其建模精度超过0.85,均方根误差不超过0.1;全波段高光谱分辨率反射光谱具有快速有效估算土壤钾含量的潜力.     

土壤Cu含量高光谱反演的BP神经网络模型

以高光谱数据为基础,针对传统土壤重金属反演模型拟合度低、预测效果差的缺点,提取光谱预处理后的特征波段数据进行相关性分析,选取860nm一阶微分光谱反射率建立基于Matlab的重金属Cu含量BP神经网络预测模型,模型的拟合优度为0.721,预测精度达82.3%,高于传统单元线性回归模型0.414的拟合优度与76.1%的预测精度。研究表明,BP神经网络模型具有良好的拟合优度与预测能力,能更有效预测土壤中重金属Cu的含量。     

Imaging and visualizing the spectral signatures from Landsat TM and ‘τ’ value-based surface soil microzonation mapping at and around Agartala (India)

This work aims to assess the soil microzonation of Agartala city and its surrounding areas based on spectral geophysical signatures. Different spectral resolutions of Landsat TM have been used for assessing the Normalized Difference Vegetative Index, spatial thermal emission representation and plant water moisture representation. Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI) was measured from band 4 (near-infrared (NIR)) and band 3 (photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)). The Digital Number (DN) values of thermal infrared band (TIR) were used for measuring spatial variation of thermal representation in the city area. A very simple model was developed for measuring thermal emission representative index from NDVI and automated classified TIR band. Overlaid NDVI and classified TIR shows the spatial distribution of thermal emission representative values. Classified mid-wave infrared band (MWIR) was used for measuring the surface geotherm units (τ) which are related with different types of soil. On the basis of spatial distribution of τ value which is clearly visible in a thermal emission representative map overlaid by classified MWIR, the soil microzonation map of the study area was prepared. This soil microzonation map shows that Agartala and its surrounding areas are characterized by four types of soil which are related to different geomorphic and geological units. The soil of this area is classified as dry sandy soil and sandy clay soil of the highland areas and wet sandy alluvium and clayey alluvium of the flood plain area.     

土壤有机质光谱特征研究(英文)

The study on soil spectral reflectance features is the physical basis for soil remote sensing. Soil organic matter content influences the soil spectral reflectance dramatically. This paper studied the spectral curves between 400 nm∼2500 nm of 174 soil samples which were collected in Hengshan county and Yixing county. Fourteen types of transformations were applied to the soil reflectance R to remove the noise and to linearize the correlation between reflectance (independent variable) and soil organic matter (SOM) content (dependent variable). Then, the methods such as derivative spectrum technology and stepwise regression analysis, were applied to study the relationship between these soil spectral features and soil organic matter content. It shows that order 1 derivative of the logarithm of reflectance (O1DLA) is the most sensitive to SOM among the various transform types of reflectance in consideration. The regression model whose coefficient of determination reaches 0.885 is built. It predicted the soil organic matter content with higher effect. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40271007).     

Soil characterization based on land cover heterogeneity over a tropical landscape: an integrated approach using earth observation data-sets

Soil is a vital part of the natural environment and is always responding to changes in environmental factors, along with the influences of anthropogenic factors and land use changes. The long-term change in soil properties will result in change in soil health and fertility, and hence the soil productivity. Hence, the main aim of this paper focuses on the analysis of land use/land cover (LULC) change pattern in spatial and temporal perspective and to present its impact on soil properties in the Merawu catchment over the period of 18?years. Post classification change detection was performed to quantify the decadal changes in historical LULC over the periods of 1991, 2001 and 2009. The pixel to pixel comparison method was used to detect the LULC of the area. The key LULC types were selected for investigation of soil properties. Soil samples were analysed in situ to measure the physicochemical soil properties. The results of this study show remarkable changes in LULC in the period of 18?years. The effect of land cover change on soil properties, soil compaction and soil strength was found to be significant at a level of <0.05.     

Comparison of Geographically Weighted Regression and Regression Kriging for Estimating the Spatial Distribution of Soil Organic Matter

Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important component of soils, and knowing the spatial distribution and variation of SOM is the premise for sustainably utilizing soils. The objective of this study was to compare geographically weighted regression (GWR) with regression kriging (RK) for estimating the spatial distribution of SOM using field-sample data in SOM and auxiliary data in correlated environmental variables (e.g., elevation, slope, ferrous minerals index, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). Results showed that GWR was a relatively better method and could provide promising results for SOM prediction in comparison with RK. The map interpolated by GWR showed similar spatial patterns influenced by environmental variables and the nonapparent effect of data outliers, but with higher accuracies, compared to that interpolated by RK.     

Improved maize cultivated area estimation over a large scale combining MODIS–EVI time series data and crop phenological information

The accurate and timely information of crop area is vital for crop production and food security. In this study, the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) data from MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) integrated crop phenological information was used to estimate the maize cultivated area over a large scale in Northeast China. The fine spatial resolution China’s Environment Satellite (HJ-1 satellite) images and the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm were employed to discriminate distribution of maize in the reference area. The mean MODIS–EVI time series curve of maize was extracted in the reference area by using multiple periods MODIS–EVI data. By analysing the temporal shift of crop calendars from northern to southern parts in Northeast China, the lag value was derived from phenological data of twenty-one agro-meteorological stations; here integrating with the mean MODIS–EVI time series image of maize, a standard MODIS–EVI time series image of maize was obtained in the whole study area. By calculating mean absolute distances (MAD) map between standard MODIS–EVI image and mean MODIS–EVI time series images, and setting appropriate thresholds in three provinces, the maize cultivated area was extracted in Northeast China. The results showed that the overall classification accuracy of maize cultivated area was approximately 79%. At the county level, the MODIS-derived maize cultivated area and statistical data were well correlated (R² = 0.82, RMSE = 283.98) over whole Northeast China. It demonstrated that MODIS–EVI time series data integrated with crop phenological information can be used to improve the extraction accuracy of crop cultivated area over a large scale.     

The refined spatiotemporal representation of soil organic matter based on remote images fusion of Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3

Remote sensing technology is important for soil organic matter (SOM) estimation, but existing studies have mainly relied on a single data source. This limitation makes it difficult to simultaneously ensure high spatial resolution, high spectral accuracy and refined temporal granularity simultaneously, which cannot meet the requirements of the spatiotemporal dynamics representation. This study aimed to introduce a new remote sensing image source into SOM modeling and spatiotemporal estimation generated by fusing together Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3 remote sensing images that have a 5-day revisit cycle; 10 m spatial resolution; and 21 different bands in blue, green, red and NIR spectral ranges. According to the image fusion process, a total of 52 available images were acquired between November 2016 and December 2018 in Donghai County, China. The fused images were used for SOM estimation model associated with 107 field samples. The results indicated that, first, the optimal model consisted of the band reflectivity (B20) and RVI (B18/B9), which were derived from the fused images, and the R² approached 0.7 in the two phases of the synchronized data. Second, the modeling accuracy was influenced to some extent by the actual SOM content. The R² values exceeded 0.75 when the SOM content was higher than 24 g/kg, while the R² was even lower than 0.35 when the SOM content was lower. Third, the averaged SOM contents remained stable in general, while the seasonal variances can also be found during the two-year interval. The SOM contents maintained a low level during autumn and winter, while higher SOM levels were found in the spring and summer. Finally, the spatial variations could be described as ‘low in the west and high in the east’. In summary, the spatiotemporal dynamics of SOM highlighted the necessity of modeling with fused remote sensing images, and more effective modeling could be expected with the continued increase in SOM in future.     

Application of GIS to estimate soil erosion using RUSLE

This paper describes the use of the Arc/Info and ArcView GIS tools to estimate soil erosion with Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE).Calculations are be done by using capabilities available.This study start with a digital elevation model(DEM) of Shaanxi,which was created by digitizing contour and spot heights from the topographic map on 1:250000 scale and grid themes for the USLE K and C factors.It is note worthy that USLE K can be obtained by adding the K factor as an attribute to a soil theme‘s table.The C can be obtained from tables or using the information about land use and management given by USLE program.A land use theme can be used to add the C factors as an attribute field.The purpose of this study is to establish spatial information of soil erosion using USLE and GIS and discuss the analysis of the soil erosion and slope failures in GIS and formulate the possible framework.     

Estimating temporal changes in soil carbon stocks at ecoregional scale in Madagascar using remote-sensing

Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an important role in climate change regulation notably through release of CO2 following land use change such a deforestation, but data on stock change levels are lacking. This study aims to empirically assess SOC stocks change between 1991 and 2011 at the landscape scale using easy-to-access spatially-explicit environmental factors. The study area was located in southeast Madagascar, in a region that exhibits very high rate of deforestation and which is characterized by both humid and dry climates. We estimated SOC stock on 0.1 ha plots for 95 different locations in a 43,000 ha reference area covering both dry and humid conditions and representing different land cover including natural forest, cropland, pasture and fallows. We used the Random Forest algorithm to find out the environmental factors explaining the spatial distribution of SOC. We then predicted SOC stocks for two soil layers at 30 cm and 100 cm over a wider area of 395,000 ha. By changing the soil and vegetation indices derived from remote sensing images we were able to produce SOC maps for 1991 and 2011. Those estimates and their related uncertainties where combined in a post-processing step to map estimates of significant SOC variations and we finally compared the SOC change map with published deforestation maps. Results show that the geologic variables, precipitation, temperature, and soil-vegetation status were strong predictors of SOC distribution at regional scale. We estimated an average net loss of 10.7% and 5.2% for the 30 cm and the 100 cm layers respectively for deforested areas in the humid area. Our results also suggest that these losses occur within the first five years following deforestation. No significant variations were observed for the dry region. This study provides new solutions and knowledge for a better integration of soil threats and opportunities in land management policies.     

联合Topex/Poseidon与Envisat高度计数据监测我国大陆地表覆盖变化

首次联合Topex/Poseidon(T/P)与Envisat高度计数据,提取了2002年5月至2005年5月期间两高度计Ku波段的后向散射系数,采用连续张力曲线样条格网化方法,有效地解决了数据稀疏区容易出现极值以及对数据密集区进行格网化时不平滑的问题,得到了格网时间序列数据,分析了T/P与Envisat两高度计后向散射系数的统计差异,进而讨论了我国陆地覆盖的空间分布特征,定性地研究了内蒙古高原、华北平原、东北平原、青藏高原、云贵高原、黄土高原、长江中下游平原的后向散射系数的成因机制及其随时间的演化规律,研究结果可为因自然灾害和环境变化而导致地表覆盖变化的监测提供决策支持。     

Long-term soil moisture content estimation using satellite and climate data in agricultural area of Mongolia

The purpose of this study is to estimate long-term SMC and find its relation with soil moisture (SM) of climate station in different depths and NDVI for the growing season. The study area is located in agricultural regions in the North of Mongolia. The Pearson’s correlation methodology was used in this study. We used MODIS and SPOT satellite data and 14 years data for precipitation, temperature and SMC of 38 climate stations. The estimated SMC from this methodology were compared with SM from climate data and NDVI. The estimated SMC was compared with SM of climate stations at a 10-cm depth (r² = 0.58) and at a 50-cm depth (r² = 0.38), respectively. From the analysis, it can be seen that the previous month’s SMC affects vegetation growth of the following month, especially from May to August. The methodology can be an advantageous indicator for taking further environmental analysis in the region.