青藏高原造山带的某些特征

以昆仑中央断裂为界，青藏高原可分为南、北两部分。北部的造山带是在刚性基底地壳上发育起来的。造山前期是裂陷槽发展阶段，并以简间的碰合褶皱成山。造山期后构造变形也简单，以逆冲、叠覆构造为主。南部的造山带是在柔性基底地壳上发育起来的。它的特点是活动性强，经我旋回开、合造山前期出现有连贯性较好的洋盆及两侧广阔的陆缘沉积，造山期后变形复杂，除逆冲、叠覆构造外，出现大量平移断层。这一部的构造格局形成了青藏高原造山带一系列独有的特征。     

华北克拉通破坏时间与破坏范围分布特征——来自银根—额济纳旗盆地苏红图坳陷早白垩世火山岩的启示

克拉通破坏的时间和范围是华北克拉通破坏研究的重要基础问题,但是在华北克拉通破坏时间与破坏范围的问题上存在着不同观点。本文通过对位于华北克拉通西北部银根—额济纳旗盆地苏红图坳陷内采集的火山岩进行年代学及地球化学研究,认为苏红图火山岩年龄为105~113 Ma,为一套钾质碱性系列玄武岩,其形成机制是由于岩石圈发生减薄,软流圈地幔岩浆上涌,经分离结晶而形成的,而动力学机制主要是由于西伯利亚板块、内蒙古褶皱带和华北板块在晚侏罗世发生的碰撞拼合。此外,本文还在前人对华北克拉通破坏研究基础上,依据作者对苏红图坳陷火山岩做的一些工作,粗浅地探讨了华北克拉通破坏的时间与范围的问题,认为华北克拉通周缘均为构造薄弱带,北缘为兴—蒙造山带,南侧为大别—秦岭造山带,东侧为苏鲁带和太平洋俯冲带,河套裂陷、汾渭裂陷分别与古元古代高温变质孔兹岩带及约18.5亿年前华北克拉通东、西部块体拼合时形成的中部造山带内位置大致重合,而苏红图坳陷位于中亚造山带南缘,同时也处于两板块拼合交汇处。这些构造薄弱带处在不同时期发生的俯冲与碰撞的结合部位,它们可能是岩石圈减薄的起始位置,并且它们的俯冲与碰撞时间是华北克拉通破坏的起始时间。克拉通破坏范围主要发生在太行山以东地区,太行山以西的河套裂陷、汾渭裂陷发生了减薄,而苏红图坳陷在早白垩世也发生减薄,所以,破坏范围分布在地理上呈不连续分布特征,造成这种分布特征的主要原因是由于不同区域的破坏时间与破坏的动力学机制不同。     

中亚地区中、南天山造山带构造演化及成矿背景分析

横贯中亚地区的中、南天山造山带,在元古宙末罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解时,先后以中天山南缘断裂为主线分裂出被洋区围限的众多大小不一的地块群。斜贯全区的塔拉斯-费尔干纳断裂,在古生代演化过程中具有转换断层性质,明显控制了南天山东西两侧的构造演化及成矿过程的差异性发展。中天山微板块北缘发育寒武纪-奥陶纪古洋盆,其南缘西段由寒武纪到中泥盆世经历两次扩张,形成多岛洋的构造格局,其中志留纪洋区被动陆缘上的碳硅质砂页岩建造成为金矿床的最佳赋存层位;东段洋区从震旦纪开始扩张,直到晚泥盆世闭合,晚石炭世南天山东西两侧在造山构造极性上发生西段由南向北、而东段由北向南呈相反方向逆掩推覆的造山过程,同时伴有碰撞型花岗岩浆活动,形成了钨、锡、铌-钽、钼、铜、铅锌等多金属矿床。晚二叠世-三叠纪塔拉斯-费尔干纳断裂以右旋走滑运动为特征,伴随有后碰撞型花岗岩浆活动,从而为汞锑成矿带的生成奠定了基础。侏罗纪塔拉斯-费尔干纳断裂进入走滑拉分期。新生代印度板块向北推挤,致使南天山发生挤压缩短而强烈抬升隆起。     

Tectonic Development of the Proterozoic Continental Margins in East Qinling and Adjacent Regions

The East Qinling and adjacent cratonic regions belong to two geotectonicunits,the Sinokorean Subdomain including the Sinokorean Platform and itssouthern continental margin the North Qinling Belt,and the YangtzeanSubdomain comprising the Yangtze Platform and its northern continental mar-gin the South Qinling Belt.The Qinling region may thus be subdivided into twocontinental margin belts separated from each other by the Proterozoic Qinlingmarine realm,which did not disappear until Late Triassic.The convergentcrustal consumption zone,the megasuture between the two belts,lies betweenthe Fengxian-Shangnan line in the north and the Shanyang-Xijia line in thesouth and was much deformed and displaced through Mesozoic intracratoniccollision and compression.In the northern subdomain the Lower Proterozoic is representedby protoaulacogen volcano-sediments,the inner Tiedonggou Group and theouter marginal Qinling Group,which were folded and metamorphosed in theLuliangian orogeny,a general process of aggregation and s     

华北地台北侧的古板块构造演化

在华北地台北侧原兴蒙华力西褶皱带内相继确立了加里东褶皱带和中晚元古代褶皱带,并划分了早、晚华力西褶皱带,探讨了定位于中亚—蒙古古大洋中的微大陆。本文概述了华北地台北侧古板块构造格局、各板块构造单元的地质构造特征以及华北地台北侧元古代—古生代岩石圈的形成与演化。     

Some progress on understanding the Phanerozoic granitoids in China

There are large volumes of the Phanerozoic granitoid rocks in China and neighboring areas. In recent years, numerous new and precise U-Pb zircon ages have been published for these granitoids, and define many important magmatic events, such as ca. 500 Ma granitoid events in the West Junggar, Altai orogens in the NW China, and Qinling orogen in the central China. These ages accurately constrain the time of important Early Paleozoic, Late Paleozoic, Early Mesozoic and Late Mesozoic magmatic events of the northern, central, western, southern and eastern orogenic Mountains in China. There occur various types of granitoids in China, such as calc-alkaline granite, alkali granite, highly-fractionated granite, leucogranite, adakite, and rapakivi granite. Rapakivi granites are not only typical Proterozoic as in the North China Craton, but were also emplaced during Paleozoic and Mesozoic in the Kunlun-Qinling orogen, a part of the China Central Orogenic Belt (CCOB). Nd-Hf isotopic tracing and mapping show that granitoids in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) in China (or the Northern China Orogenic Belt) are characterized predominantly by juvenile sources. The juvenile crust in this orogenic domain accounts for over 50% by area, distinguishing it from other orogenic belts in the world, and those in central (e.g., Qinling), southwestern and eastern China. Based on a large amount of new age data, a preliminary granitoid and granitoid-tectonic maps of China have been preliminarily compiled, and an evolutionary framework of Phanerozoic granitoids in China and neighboring areas has been established from the view of assembly and breakup of continental blocks. Research ideas on granitoid tectonics has also been proposed and discussed.     

辽宁省金矿集中区及其与构造样式的关系

本文将辽宁省金矿划分四种类型,十个主要金矿集中区。这些集中区均受华北地台东西向基底构造活动带及中生代太平洋板块俯冲影响、所产生的北西向构造挤压带和北东向构造—岩浆岩带的复合作用控制。它们分别处于太不洋成矿带的内带(辽东)和外带(辽西)。并以郯庐断裂为轴线,构成了两大“U”字形,类似共轭曲线展布的构造样式。根据深部地球物理资料,综合分析了控制金矿集中区构造样式的形成机制。区内脉状金矿大都分布在深断裂(深度大于五公里断裂)带附近。     

华北克拉通的形成演化与成矿作用

华北克拉通具有38亿年的漫长历史,特别是与其他克拉通相比,它有更为复杂的多阶段的构造演化史,记录了几乎所有的地壳早期发展与中生代以来的重大构造事件。在太古宙,华北克拉通经历了>3.0Ga的陆核与微陆块的形成;2.7～2.9Ga的陆壳增生;2.5Ga的岩浆、变质作用与克拉通化;2.3～1.9Ga的古元古代活动(造山)带;1.8Ga的基底隆升与裂谷-非造山岩浆事件。在新元古代—古生代,华北克拉通处于相对稳定的地台状态,其南、北缘受到秦岭造山带和中亚造山带的影响;在中生代,华北克拉通则经历了强烈的中生代构造格局的转变和克拉通的破坏与重建;在新生代,华北克拉通的东缘属于环太平洋构造带的一部分。与上述重大构造事件相对应,华北克拉通出现大规模的成矿作用,形成了丰富多样的固体矿产资源。华北克拉通的形成与演化及其不同类型的成矿系统,为深刻理解大地构造背景对成矿作用的制约提供了范例。     

中国北部古元古代地壳尺度的伸展拆离和硅铝壳内活动带:北东向线性航磁异常的地质构造解释

早前寒武纪地质构造和分辨率大于120km的长波航磁异常特征表明:塔南—华北—朝鲜北部(狼林地块)具有类似的太古宙结晶基底,它们可能曾经是太古宙统一克拉通的组成部分。20~120km分辨率的中波航磁异常凸现一组北东东—北北东走向、改造太古宙高级变质结晶基底的线性航磁异常,它们分别对应于地壳尺度的长寿断裂。古元古代阶段沿着它们发生了大规模的左行韧性伸展剪切运动,在使塔南、朝鲜北部陆块分别向南西和北东伸展拆离的同时,华北克拉通内部也出现了有限的裂解,并伴随着硅铝壳内活动带的发育。本文将这些古元古代阶段韧性伸展剪切带划分为塔南与华北陆块之间的西部剪切带系统、华北与狼林陆块之间的东部剪切带系统和华北陆块内部的青龙—太行山—中条山等3个独立的剪切带系统。西部韧性剪切系统由阿尔金、大同—环县、以及它们之间的狼山—吉兰泰、雅布赖山等次级剪切带组成,控制古元古代阿拉善群和上集宁群的孔兹岩系为代表的硅铝壳内活动带的沉积—构造演化。东部韧性剪切系统包括沂水和新宾—桦甸等韧性剪切带,相关的古元古代活动带以胶东地区的粉子山群、荆山群和辽吉地区的辽河群为代表。中部韧性剪切带系统以太行山地区阜平群、赞皇群中出现的角闪岩相糜棱片麻岩、眼球状糜棱岩带为代表,发育b-型线理,指示近水平或低角度斜滑性质的左行韧性剪切,相关的古元古代活动带包括双山子—青龙河、五台—滹沱、甘陶河—东焦、吕梁、中条以及济宁等。不同规模的古元古代活动带彼此并不相连,以发育变质沉积—火山岩建造为主体,岩石磁化率明显低于太古宙高级变质结晶基底,与之相关的韧性剪切带则以其透入性矿物线理产生了增强的磁化率各向异性,两者共同构建了地壳尺度北东东—北北东向线性航磁异常带。古元古代末的中条运动使上述硅铝壳内活动带褶皱回返,塔南—华北—朝鲜北部陆块重新焊接,形成近纬向展布逐渐稳定的中轴大陆克拉通,上述地壳尺度的韧性伸展剪切带在中元古代以后的地质历史中,大多被后期不同性质的脆性断裂所追踪。     

中国大陆“十字构造”形成演化及其大陆动力学意义

东亚大陆是由许多分别亲劳亚或亲冈瓦纳的中小陆块经过复杂拼合而成的最为复杂的大陆,而中国大陆地处东亚的核心位置,是研究东亚大陆形成演化的关键。控制中国大陆形成演化的最主要的构造格架是"十字构造",即东西向的中央造山系和南北向的贺兰-川滇南北构造带。前者自东而西包括秦岭造山带、祁连造山带和昆仑造山带,是南方和北方陆块群历经古生代-印支期拼合形成中国大陆主体的构造结合带,并遭受中新生代陆内造山改造,构成了中国大陆地质地理、生态环境、人文经济等南北分野;后者不同区段继承了前寒武纪板块构造记录,逐步转化为古亚洲洋或古特提斯构造域大陆边缘,尤其是新特提斯构造运动,形成青藏高原隆升-扩展变形的东部边界,控制了晚中生代-新生代中国大陆东西反转演化。以"十字构造"为坐标系,中国大陆四个象限的地质、地球物理结构、自然资源、生态环境、人文经济等存在明显差异。      

华北地台的元古宙构造演化

华北地台在前寒武纪经历过三个大构造阶段,即太古初始克拉通、早元古代原地台和中—晚元古代地台的形成阶段,每个阶段都有各具特点的构造演化史。发生在太古宙末期的阜平运动,是一次强烈的构造-热事件,造成太古岩层的变质、变形等和形成初始的克拉通基底,早元古时出现了裂陷形成了克拉通内或边缘的内硅铝盆地或海槽。早元古末期的吕梁-中条运动是另一次重要的构造-热事件,此后,原地台最终固化,华北地台的主要构造格架基本成型。中—晚元古时期在华北地台的不同部位发育了三个主要构造盆地。     

中国早前寒武纪的地壳演化

以华北原地台为例，太古宙陆壳可能是由分散的陆核在涡旋构造机制的驱动下聚集而成的。早元古代伊始，板块构造机制控制了地壳演化的进程，出现不同性质的活动带同刚性地块并存的构造局。巨厚的火山-沉积建造，以其成岩环境和构造样式的多样性，宣告了一个新的地壳演化阶段的开始，明显具有太古宙克拉通基底的华北原地台、塔里木原地台和扬子原地台在它们的接触部位发育有早元在于代增生带，说明至少在太古宙末它们是互相分离的。而华夏古陆则是从早元古代以来逐渐向扬子原地台靠扰的。现代华北地台缘，早元古代建造近南北向的早期构造方位表明，它在     

The tectonic evolution of Australia

Fifteen non-palinspastic palaeotectonic maps, and accompanying explanatory text, are presented to illustrate the progressive development of the Australian continental block from the Archaean to the present. They summarise the structural and chronological framework of tectonic events in Australia as a data base for further research. They are a development from the Tectonic Map of Australia and New Guinea (GSA, 1971).Areas on the maps are classified into Precratonic (Orogenic), Transitional, and Cratonic Domains, and these are further subdivided into various subunits. Areas of known outcrop are distinguished from concealed or inferred rocks.Australia and New Guinea may be divided into major crustal blocks, each of which has its own history and tectonic style, and each of which represents an important stage in the evolution of the Australian continent. Although significant differences are shown between the tectonic patterns developed during the Proterozoic and the Phanerozoic, even more significant parallels exist: the same scheme of tectonic analysis and classification may be applied to both. The fundamental tectonic cycle of geosynclinal deposition and orogenesis, through transitional tectonism, to cratonisation and platform cover deposition, is evident throughout.     

Structure and tectonic style of the Western Australian Shield

The Western Australian Shield consists of two large Archaean cratons that are partly covered by remnant Proterozoic sedimentary basins and partly surrounded by Proterozoic mobile belts. Archaean terrains are either granitoid-greenstone, or high-grade gneiss, the regional distribution of which influences the style of Proterozoic tectonism.Granitoid-greenstone terrains consist of thick volcanogenic sequences, now occurring as dismembered synclinal keels within voluminous granitoidand display features that are uniquely Archaean. The gneiss terrains, although severely modified and dismembered by metamorphism and plutonism, seem to display a more uniformitarian tectonic style than the granitoid-greenstones.Mounting evidence in the Yilgarn Block suggests that the gneiss terrains represent a pre-greenstone basement, which was probably very extensive, both outside and within the greenstone areas. The most extensive area of gneiss lies in a huge arc around the western part of the Yilgarn Block, creating a novel situation where older rocks seemingly “wrap around” younger rocks. It is postulated that the precursors of the two major granitoidgreenstone terrains were huge, discrete, somewhat rounded volcanic basins that developed within extensive and perhaps continuous crust. At least in the Pilbara, there is a phenomenally continuous volcanic stratigraphy. Despite the basic similarities there are sufficient differences between the two volcanic basins to suggest independent evolution, whereby similar processes operated in different places in different times.These granite—greenstone areas had largely stabilised by about 2500 m.y. and, during the Proterozoic, behaved as cratonic blocks that tended not to participate in the mobile belts. Thus, the Capricorn Orogen developed as an ensialic geosyncline, on gneiss basement, between the two cratons. Where Proterozoic sedimentary basins transgress on to the cratons, they are preserved as gently folded and virtually unmetamorphosed covers. Within the orogenic zone itself, trough sedimentation, prograde metamorphism, basement reworking, multiple deformation and granitoid emplacement were active over the period 2000-1600 m.y. Superimposed on the Capricorn Orogen is the intracratonic Bangemall Basin (about 1100-1000 m.y.) which displays patterns of cratonic deformation that relate closely to the underlying structures.Along the southeastern margin of the Yilgarn Block is the Albany-Fraser Province which developed over an interval from 1900 m.y., or older, to 1100 m.y. Tectonic zonation is expressed by a linear striping of contrasting rocks that become younger away from the Yilgarn Block. Rather than an accretionary origin, voluminous granitoid, basemeni reworkingand absence of geosynclinal sedimentation suggest a discrete zone of high crustal strain and high thermal activity, and the belt is likened to an arrested rift in a continental setting.     

陕西洛南石门中寒武统变形鲕粒的有限应变分析

陕西省洛南石门中寒武世鲕状灰岩的有限应变分析表明,该点发生了压扁型应变;除由变形鲕粒最大扁平面构成的面理构造外,还发育一组拉伸线理。晚奥陶世,泰岭古岛弧与华北陆壳基底碰撞向北逆掩,导致华北南缘中元古代—早古生代盖层岩系由北向南逆冲推覆。鲕粒的变形史证实了这一地质事件所造成的地壳缩短作用的后继运动所造成的左行剪切作用。     

胶-辽-吉古元古代造山/活动带巨量变沉积岩系的研究进展

华北克拉通发育三条古元古代构造带,包括:东部陆块内部的胶-辽-吉带(Jiao-Liao-Ji belt)、西部陆块内部的孔兹岩带(Khondalite belt)以及两个陆块之间的中部造山带(Trans-North China Orogen)。通过二十多年的深入研究,在区域构造、变质地质、岩浆作用、地球化学、同位素年代学以及地球物理等方面积累了大量资料,并取得了一系列重要的科学进展。其中,胶-辽-吉带是华北克拉通最具代表性的一条古元古代造山/活动带,它不仅接受了古元古代巨量的陆壳物质沉积,而且经历了十分复杂的构造演化过程,并经受了多期岩浆-变质事件的改造。胶-辽-吉造山/活动带的物质组成最为丰富,以大面积分布的巨量(火山)沉积岩系为特征,在中国境内包括吉南地区的集安群和老岭群、辽东南地区的南辽河和北辽河群、胶北地区的荆山群和粉子山群,向南西则有可能穿越郯庐断裂延伸至徐州-蚌埠一带的五河群,总体呈NE向展布,延伸规模长约1000km。从巨量沉积岩系的岩石组合和空间分布特征来看,荆山群与南辽河群、集安群可以对比,而粉子山群则与北辽河群、老岭群相当。然而,由于多期/多阶段强烈构造变形作用的影响,原来各群、组中地层的上下层位及接触关系已完全破坏,目前均已呈规模不一的构造岩片形式叠置在一起,彼此之间呈断层或韧性剪切带接触。巨量变沉积岩系的源区物质主要来源于造山/活动带内古元古代花岗质岩石和两侧古老陆块的变质基底,原岩形成时代为1.95~2.15Ga左右。以往研究表明,胶-辽-吉造山/活动带变质作用的强度十分不均匀,(中-高压)麻粒岩相变质只局限于胶北的荆山群及相关岩石,而粉子山群以及辽东南的南、北辽河群和吉南的集安群、老岭群只经历了角闪岩相变质,局部甚至只达到绿片岩相变质。粉子山群、北辽河群和老岭群变质演化P-T-t轨迹具有顺时针型式,而荆山群、南辽河群和集安群的P-T-t轨迹则具有逆时针型式。本文最新研究发现,古元古代麻粒岩相变质作用并非只局限于胶北地区的荆山群及其邻区,而是贯穿于整个辽东南地区的南辽河群和吉南地区的集安群,其变质演化P-T-t轨迹与胶北地区荆山群泥质麻粒岩以及基性麻粒岩一样,均具有典型近等温减压(ITD)顺时针型式,整个胶-辽-吉造山/活动带的麻粒岩相峰期变质时代为1.9~1.95Ga左右。野外观察和室内岩相学研究表明,在麻粒岩相变质作用过程中,胶北的荆山群及相关岩石、辽东南的南辽河群以及吉南的集安群中的泥质麻粒岩均广泛发生了深熔作用,长英质脉体呈不规则细脉状、网脉状和透镜状分布于寄主岩石中,且与寄主岩石之间呈渐变过渡关系。深熔锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,区域性的深熔作用(或部分熔融)时代为1.84~1.86Ga之间,表明这期广泛的深熔事件应发生于胶-辽-吉造山/活动带整体构造折返的中-低压麻粒岩相退变质阶段。有关胶-辽-吉古元古代造山/活动带的空间展布、南北边界、延伸规律及其形成的大地构造背景一直存在着分歧和争议,最新研究表明,蚌埠-霍邱一带地表露头及其以西第四系覆盖区之下的花岗质岩石、基性麻粒岩和富Al片麻岩岩心,均记录了1.85~1.95Ga的麻粒岩相变质事件,暗示着胶-辽-吉造山/活动带更有可能穿越郯庐断裂,向鲁西南延伸至蚌埠-霍邱一带及其以西的第四系覆盖区之下的变质基底。而辽南地块和狼林地块大量1.85~1.95Ga变质热事件和1.8~1.9Ga、~2.1Ga两期岩浆事件的记录,则表明辽南地块和狼林地块(至少是一部分变质基底)曾卷入到胶-辽-吉古元古代构造演化事件之中。有关胶-辽-吉古元古代造山/活动带构造演化过程及其形成的大地构造背景,目前有三种构造模式,包括:裂谷开启-闭合模式、弧(陆)-陆碰撞模式和先裂谷-后碰撞造山演化模式,然而,带内异常复杂的巨量火山-沉积岩系的物质组成、多期/多阶段的岩浆作用事件、多种变质作用类型和十分复杂的变质演化P-T-t轨迹样式、多期/多阶段复杂的构造变形特征,难以采用上述任何一种构造演化模式来加以合理解释。由此可见,有关胶-辽-吉古元古代构造/活动带南侧边界需要进一步准确厘定,有关狼林地块和辽南地块的构造归属,特别是胶-辽-吉造山/活动带在古元古代构造演化的动力学过程及其形成的大地构造背景还有待进一步深入探讨。     

区域变质作用与中国大陆地壳的形成与演化

在编制1∶500万中国变质地质图的基础上,本文总结了中国主要变质带的演化以及各变质带与中国大陆地壳形成演化之间的内在联系。虽然在华北和华南克拉通都有古太古代到中太古代的变质年代记录,但是由于后期改造其变质作用的特点及与区域构造背景的联系已难以追索。新太古代末-古元古代初期的变质作用在华北克拉通表现最明显,这期变质作用紧随大规模的TTG岩浆作用,普遍具有逆时针的P-T演化轨迹,反映了地幔柱主导的岩浆-变质事件特点。古元古代晚期的变质事件在华北、华南、塔里木克拉通都有强烈反映。这期变质作用以形成具有顺时针P-T演化轨迹的高压麻粒岩为特点,与形成Columbia超大陆的一些造山带的特点类似,但是这三个不同克拉通在与Columbia聚合的时间和空间方位上存在差异。华南克拉通是相对年轻的克拉通,是沿新元古代江南造山带扬子和华夏地块拼合的产物。新元古代江南造山带的火山岩形成时代和变质作用程度从北东向南西迁移,反映了造山过程逐渐迁移和剪刀式闭合的特点。形成华南克拉通后,在其东南缘又先后经历了加里东期和印支期的变质改造,并且由北西向南东变质带从加里东期转变为印支期,但是这两期变质作用的构造背景尚不很清楚。中国南北大陆的聚合首先从西昆仑-阿尔金-北祁连-北秦岭-桐柏开始,所反映的变质作用是早古生代的蓝片岩相和榴辉岩相变质岩相伴产出,表明经历了从洋壳俯冲到陆陆碰撞的演化过程。中国东部的南北大陆到印支期才最终汇聚,相应的变质作用以南部出现高压蓝片岩相、北部出现超高压的榴辉岩相变质带为特点,表明南方大陆向北方大陆的俯冲。超高压带内普遍含有柯石英,意味着大规模的陆壳深俯冲。华北克拉通和塔里木克拉通以北的中亚造山带内存在多条从早古生代到晚古生代的变质带和多条蓝片岩相变质带,表明这是一个由多阶段、多条变质带组成的造山区。但是其变质作用的空间和时间演化还有待进一步深入。青藏高原变质带具有北老南新的空间分布特点,最北部的印支期龙木错-双湖-澜沧江变质带反映了原特提斯和古特提斯洋的碰撞拼合过程,北部的燕山期班公湖-怒江变质带和中部的喜马拉雅早期雅鲁藏布江变质带反映了新特提斯洋的两次碰撞拼合过程,南部喜马拉雅晚期的高喜马拉雅变质带反映了印度板块向北俯冲导致的高原快速隆升过程。     

Intraplate mountain building in response to continent–continent collision—the Ancestral Rocky Mountains (North America) and inferences drawn from the Tien Shan (Central Asia)

The intraplate Ancestral Rocky Mountains of western North America extend from British Columbia, Canada, to Chihuahua, Mexico, and formed during Early Carboniferous through Early Permian time in response to continent–continent collision of Laurentia with Gondwana—the conjoined masses of Africa and South America, including Yucatán and Florida. Uplifts and flanking basins also formed within the Laurentian Midcontinent. On the Gondwanan continent, well inboard from the marginal fold belts, a counterpart structural array developed during the same period. Intraplate deformation began when full collisional plate coupling had been achieved along the continental margin; the intervening ocean had been closed and subduction had ceased—that is, the distinction between upper versus lower plates became moot. Ancestral Rockies deformation was not accompanied by volcanism. Basement shear zones that formed during Mesoproterozoic rifting of Laurentia were reactivated and exerted significant control on the locations, orientations, and modes of displacement on late Paleozoic faults.Ancestral Rocky Mountain uplifts extend as far south as Chihuahua and west Texas (28° to 33°N, 102° to 109°W) and include the Florida-Moyotes, Placer de Guadalupe–Carrizalillo, Ojinaga–Tascotal and Hueco Mountain blocks, as well as the Diablo and Central Basin Platforms. All are cored with Laurentian Proterozoic crystalline basement rocks and host correlative Paleozoic stratigraphic successions. Pre-late Paleozoic deformational, thermal, and metamorphic histories are similar as well. Southern Ancestral Rocky Mountain structures terminate along a line that trends approximately N 40°E (present coordinates), a common orientation for Mesoproterozoic extensional structures throughout southern to central North America.Continuing Tien Shan intraplate deformation (Central Asia) has created an analogous array of uplifts and basins in response to the collision of India with Eurasia, beginning in late Miocene time when full coupling of the colliding plates had occurred. As in the Laurentia–Gondwana case, structures of similar magnitude and spacing to those in Eurasia have developed in the Indian plate. Within the present orogen two ancient suture zones have been reactivated—the early Paleozoic Terskey zone and the late Paleozoic Turkestan suture between the Siberian and East Gondwanan cratons. Inverted Proterozoic to early Paleozoic rift structures and passive-margin deposits are exposed north of the Terskey zone. In the Alay and Tarim complexes, Vendian to mid-Carboniferous passive-margin strata and the subjacent Proterozoic crystalline basement have been uplifted. Data on Tien Shan uplifts, basins, structural arrays, and deformation rates guide paleotectonic interpretations of ancient intraplate mountain belts. Similarly, exhumed deep crustal shear zones in the Ancestral Rockies offer insight into partitioning and reorientation of strain during contemporary intraplate deformation.     

Precambrian basement,provenance implication,and tectonic evolution of the Gargan block of the Tuva-Mongolia terranes,Central Asian Orogenic Belt

Although the Phanerozoic geology of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt is extensively studied, there is still much to reveal about the initiation and early stages of tectonism. The Gargan block of the Tuva-Mongolia terranes at the Mongolian-Russian border is one of the Archean-Proterozoic continental crustal fragments that record the earliest evolutionary history of the belt. To better constrain the age of its basement, extent, and provenance in regional tectonic framework, we present new zircon UPb geochronologic data from previously undated basement gneisses and the overlying Neoproterozoic meta-sedimentary rocks of southern part of the Gargan block. Comparison of available basement ages and Precambrian detrital zircon spectra from nearby Archean-Proterozoic continental crustal fragments show complex relationship amongst them. We propose that the Gargan block travelled by itself in most of the Proterozoic or was derived from an unknown continental block. Obtained age confirms the existence of Neoarchean-Neoproterozoic basement in the region; however, for the first time, the 2749–814 Ma Salig Complex reveals multiple stages of Neoproterozoic metamorphic events within the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Older of which, at ∼1 Ga, may relate to an assembly of several of the pre-existing continental crustal fragments in Mongolia.     

吉林省金城洞地区元古宙花岗岩地质地球化学特征

吉林省金城洞地区位于华北地台北缘东端，区内元古宙花岗岩发育，其主要岩石类型为：早元古宙花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、斜长花岗岩，中元古宙花岗闪长岩。这些花岗岩均普遍富含Na2O、AI2O3,为钙碱性系列岩石，各种化学参数表现出Ⅰ型花岗岩的特点。其稀土元素模式为轻稀土富集的右倾曲线，基本无铕异常。花岗岩地球化学特征反映了其构造环境为活动陆缘。