黑龙江镜泊湖地区第四纪玄武岩的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素组成及其地幔源区特征

本文首次对黑龙江镜泊湖地区第四纪玄武岩的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素组成进行了系统研究。结果表明,尽管不同时代、不同空间上生成的玄武岩在岩石化学、稀土和微量元素特征上差别明显,但其Sr、Nd、Pb同位素组成却有明显的相似性,均具有低Sr、Pb和相对高的Nd同位素值（87Sr/86Sr=0.70396～0.704537;143Nd/144Nd=0.512656～0.512786;206Pb/204Pb=17.0856～1 7.5034;207Pb/204Pb=15.2689～15.3461;208Pb/204Pb= 37.0999～37.4363）,由此指示了该区玄武岩的源区是DMM和EMI二 端元混合的结果。本文将其解释为与含有再循环的下地壳物质的地幔柱活动引起该区软流圈地幔的部分熔融有关,但在部分熔融之前发生了交代作用。     

青藏羌塘盆地中、新生代火山岩同位素地球化学特征及其意义

通过对羌塘盆地火山岩（含少数侵入岩）的 锶（Sr）、钕（Nd）和铅（Pb）同位素地球化学的研究,获得中、新生代不同类型火山 岩和花岗岩类Sr同位素比值大多数为０706～0710 , 〖HT5”SS〗ε〖HT5”SS〗 N d 值 为-054～-81,均为负值, 206Pb/204Pb值为 171493～ 190313, 207Pb/204Pb值为154350～15666,208Pb/2 04Pb值为 37566~39072。根据同位素地球化学特征,中生代火山岩 物质主要 来源于富集地幔区和下地壳,原始岩浆为壳幔混合型,可能与造山带的岛弧—活动陆缘环 境 有关。早第三纪火山岩岩浆来自富集幔源区,与大陆拉张环境有关。第四纪火山岩形成于高 钾熔岩区内,与俯冲环境有关。总之,本区的火山岩中生代为造山带火山岩,新生代（主要 为早第三纪）为大陆裂谷带火山岩。     

江山-广丰地区早白垩世晚期玄武岩的岩石地球化学及其构造意义

江山-广丰地区所在的信江红色盆地与金衢红色盆地同属于NEE向赣杭断陷盆地带的组成部分.赣杭构造带自早白垩世晚期开始强烈拉张,红色盆地形成.红层下部夹有层状玄武岩,全岩K-Ar年龄为98～105 Ma,属早白垩世晚期.岩石地球化学特征表明研究区有两类玄武岩:江山陈塘坞一带的拉斑玄武岩,礼贤、广丰一带的碱性橄榄玄武岩.Nd、Sr同位素组成分析显示,拉斑玄武岩类(87Sr/86Sr)i值为0.705 4～0.707 0,εNd(t)值为1.69～0.70(接近于0),表明源区为基本未受壳源物质混染的原始地幔,在弧后陆缘环境下快速拉张而上升,呈熔岩被形式分布于信江盆地东部;碱性橄榄玄武岩(87Sr/86Sr)i值为0.707 6～0.708 0,而εNd(t)值偏低(-6.43～-5.18),表明来源于已受壳源物质混染的富集地幔,在拉张加剧、裂陷加深的构造背景下喷发,相对集中分布于盆地中部,范围小于拉斑玄武岩.二者的差别主要是地幔源区受到不均匀混染所致.研究表明,早白垩世晚期至晚白垩世期间,太平洋板块俯冲的角度由缓变陡以及向东南方向的后退作用,对弧后陆缘的快速拉张并形成赣杭带红色断陷盆地及其玄武岩起着关键性作用.     

粤北长塘盆地晚白垩世早期流纹岩的成因:地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf-O同位素制约

长塘流纹岩为"大量流纹岩-少量玄武岩"构成的不对称双峰式火山岩组合的酸性端元,前人对年代学研究认为是目前华南识别的燕山期最年轻的流纹岩(SHRIMP年龄96.8 Ma),但在岩石地球化学特征及成因方面尚未深入研究。本文通过全岩主微量元素、Sr-Nd-Pb-O和锆石Hf同位素研究得到:流纹岩为亚碱性弱过铝质岩石,稀土元素富集,轻重稀土分馏明显,Eu负异常;具有较小的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i、较高的εNd(t)和较低的(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i、(~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i、(~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i值;锆石的εHf(t)值较高且Hf模式年龄和全岩基本一致,均显示为新生下地壳岩浆;全岩的δ18O值较高。结合区域地质资料,本文认为长塘流纹岩是在晚白垩世早期拉张环境下,源于EMⅡ富集地幔的岩浆混染少量下地壳物质形成新元古代新生下地壳,发生熔融产生的岩浆在上升过程中经历结晶分异演化后喷出地表的产物。晚白垩世早期流纹岩成因对华南陆壳拉张减薄到正常厚度时间节点提供了证据。     

闽东南晚中生代壳幔作用地球化学

对闽东南永泰和永定火山－沉积盆地中的中生代拉斑玄武岩和流纹岩以及泉州和同安晚中生代复合的角闪辉长岩、花岗岩选择地进行了单矿物^40Ar-^39Ar年龄及全岩－单矿物Rb-Sr等时线年龄测定，并对这些得合的基性－酸性火成岩进行了详细的岩石地球化学研究。研究表明，闽东南晚中生代拉斑玄武岩具有“大陆弧”玄武岩的性质，微量元素的协变图解证实了复合基性－酸性岩浆之间存在的混合关系，解释了东南沿海晚中生代流纹岩及花岗岩普遍兼有I型和S型花岗岩的某些特征的原因。LILE／LILE、LILE／HFSE、LILE／REE以及HFSE／HFSE等微量元素比以及它们与Sr、Nd和Pb同位素的相关关系证实，两个盆地中的拉斑玄武岩浆分别来自岩石圈和流圈地幔。幔源基性岩浆在上升过程中受到地壳物质的混染，这是活动大陆边缘“壳幔作用”过程的一个重要方面。通过（Ba/La)N-(La/Sm)N）图解，把“源区富集”与“地壳组分混染”两者各自的贡献区分开来。通过永和永定两个盆地火山岩的对比，阐明了壳幔作用随地质时代发生的变化。     

松辽盆地早白垩世火山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

松辽盆地早白垩世发育基性岩类的橄榄玄武岩、玄武岩,中性岩类的玄武安山岩、安山岩、粗安岩,酸性岩类的粗面岩、粗面英安岩、英安岩和流纹岩。早白垩世火山岩都具有大离子亲石元素(LILE)、轻稀土元素(LREE)相对富集的特征,并具有较低的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i值和较高的(~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd)_i值。基性岩类Ce/Nb=1.92～8.31,Th/Nb=0.08～0.44,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i=0.7031～0.7047,ε_(Nd)(t)=+1.7～+5.2;中性岩类Ce/Nb=3.70～15.80,Th/Nb=0.34～2.58,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i=0.7040～0.7054,ε_(Nd)(t)=0～+3.0;酸性岩类Ce/Nb=4.29～15.80,Th/Nb=0.11～1.02,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i=0.7038～0.7066,ε_(Nd)(t)=+1.0～+3.3。基性岩类岩浆主要来自被富集了的亏损地幔源的部分熔融,受混染程度很小;中性岩类岩浆源于年轻地壳组分被来自亏损地幔岩浆的再次部分熔融;酸性岩类浆岩可能主要来自源于亏损地幔的初生地壳部分熔融,并受到了上地壳的混染。晚侏罗世-早白垩世,由于蒙古-鄂霍次克洋关闭引发强烈的挤压造山后,发生的岩石圈拆沉作用致使来自亏损地幔的岩浆熔融上涌导致岩石圈主动伸展拉张,地表则表现出大规模的裂谷断陷作用和大范围的火山活动。这个阶段的伸展拉张以主动拉张为主。     

大陆亚碱性火山岩的成因多样性：以敦化—密山和东宁火山岩带为例

对东北牡丹江海浪、鸡西鸡林、东宁老黑山三处亚碱性玄武岩类进行了柏A卜”Ar定年和元素与Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成研究,结果显示,始新世海浪（玄武）安山岩属钙碱性系列,相对富硅碱,贫铁钙,高度富集Rb、Ba、Sr,亏损Th、U、Nb、Ta,富集LREE及极低的HREE含量,与五大连池钾质火山岩相近的同位素组成（^206Pb／^204Pb=16．56～16．66,^207Pb／^204Pb=15．44—15．47,^208Pb／^204Pb=36．80—36．95;ISr=0．704882～0．705564;εNd=-4．05～2．29）,表明来源于较厚的、受交代作用影响的含石榴石富集（LoMu）岩石圈地幔;中中新世鸡林拉斑玄武岩分布极为局限,辉石斑晶发育骸晶结构,富铁、钙、钛,不亏损Nb、Ta,富集Ba、Sr,REE相对平坦,HREE高于OIB,Sr、Nd同位素组成相似于Samoa岛玄武岩,显示源区除软流圈成分外,还有EMII富集组分的加入;晚中新世老黑山拉斑玄武岩,低碱低钾,LREE轻度富集,Nb、Ta不明显亏损,同位素比值与镜泊湖一带中新世碱性玄武岩范围一致,主要来源于软流圈并与富集岩石圈（EMI）发生过相互作用。地幔源区经历了古近纪富集地幔源到中新世软流圈组分增多的演化。东北新生代拉斑玄武岩不同的地球化学特征为认识大陆拉斑玄武岩成因的多样性提供了有益启示。     

长江中下游地区蝌蚪山晚中生代玄武岩的地球化学研究: 岩石圈地幔性质与演化的制约

长江中下游地区繁昌火山盆地蝌蚪山晚白垩世玄武岩为硅饱和岩石, SiO2含量在 47.63%～ 50.02%之间,在 TAS图上位于碱性和亚碱性的分界线上,多数属于玄武岩,少数为粗面玄武岩. MgO含量较低( 3.72%～ 5.58%),但 Mg#值较高( 61～ 71).岩石富集大离子亲石元素 Ba、 Th、 U、 LREE和 Pb,亏损高场强元素 Nb、 Zr和 Ti,具富集的 Sr、 Nd和 Pb同位素组成.初始 87Sr/86Sr(t)比值介于 0.706 5～ 0.706 6之间,ε Nd(t)值介于-5.5～-7.3之间.在 87Sr/86Sr(t)-ε Nd(t)相关图上投在富集的第Ⅳ象限,并趋向于 EMⅡ地幔端员. 206Pb/204Pb(t)、 207Pb/204Pb(t)和 208Pb/204Pb(t)比值分别为 17.928～ 18.311、 15.426～ 15.621和 37.785～ 38.525,在 Pb同位素相关图上处在 DMM和 EMⅡ地幔端员之间.蝌蚪山玄武岩的地球化学特征表明其原始岩浆来源于岩石圈地幔,底侵到壳幔边界后曾有一段时间的滞留,并经历了一定程度的以橄榄石和斜方辉石为主的结晶分异,随后在上升过程中没有受到明显的地壳物质的混染.本地区晚中生代时期陆下岩石圈地幔具有同位素富集的性质,曾受到过古老俯冲事件中析出流体 /熔体的交代.与本地区新生代玄武岩地球化学性质的对比表明,从晚中生代至新生代,由于岩石圈拉张和软流圈的上涌,长江中下游地区发生了岩石圈的减薄,其过程和华北地块东部的岩石圈减薄事件基本一致.造成华北地块东部和华南地块东部的岩石圈减薄具有一致的动力学机制和背景,很可能是晚中生代时期古太平洋板块向亚洲大陆之下俯冲造成的弧后盆地的拉张减薄.     

五大连池钾质火山岩的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素地球化学及岩浆的化学演化

五大连池火山岩是我国东部新生代最典型的钾质玄武岩。以富Ti、Na、K为特点，结晶分异使岩浆向富Si、富碱方向演化。岩石中Rb、Sr、Sin、Nd丰度与熔岩的碱质同步增长。Pb、Sr、Nd同位素组成很特殊，富放射成因Sr和Nd，但贫放射成因Pb，^37Sr/^34Sr，高于全球未分异现代值,^143Nd/^144Nd为0．512381-0.512433，低于全球未分异现代值；^206Pb/^204Pb,^207Pb/^204Pb,^208Pb/^204Pb分别对16.712-16.992,115,371-15.407,36.315-36.948,比许多大洋玄武岩和大陆玄武岩偏低。上述数据表明，其源区为无明显地壳物质混染的，未遭改造的原始富集地幔，同大洋玄武岩明显不同，暗示地幔的物质组成有区域性和不均匀性。     

非洲乍得盆地火山岩地球化学特征及成因

钻井揭示了乍得盆地中新生代有大量玄武岩喷发,主要为橄榄拉斑玄武岩,少数为石英拉斑玄武岩和碱性橄榄玄武岩。主量、微量元素及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学研究表明,乍得盆地玄武岩岩浆在上升过程中经历了橄榄石、单斜辉石的分离结晶作用,且未受到陆壳物质的混染;岩石明显富集轻稀土元素、大离子亲石元素和高场强元素,Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf具正异常。晚白垩世玄武岩(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) _i比值（0.704167~0.706564）高于古近纪玄武岩（0.703545~0.705380）,(¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_i比值（0.512451~0.512703）低于古近纪玄武岩（0.512690~0.512847）;晚白垩世玄武岩ε_Nd(t)u值变化范围较大（-1.4~3.5）,且明显低于古近纪玄武岩（2.6~5.6）。两者具有相似的Pb同位素比值,²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=18.14~18.96,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.56~15.62,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=38.33~38.88。乍得盆地玄武岩主要来自于亏损地幔DM和富集地幔EMⅡ两种端元组分混合产生的,石榴石橄榄岩的母熔体可能是本区玄武岩产生的源区,是地幔高度部分熔融的结果（15%左右）。乍得盆地玄武岩的地幔组份随时间的演化可能与中生代以来中、西非地区软流圈上涌、岩石圈减薄作用密切相关。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with