台风“圣帕”登陆福建前后的风暴潮特征分析

通过普查台风影响和登陆前后的气象和水文资料,分析总结了2007年登陆福建的第9号台风"圣帕"风暴增水特征及其与气象要素的相互关系."圣帕"引起的福建沿海风暴增水明显 ( 50 cm 以上 ) 且持续时间长 (52 h );风暴增水最大峰值出现在台风位于台湾海峡时,次峰值分别出现在台风登陆台湾岛前 1～2 h 和台风登陆福建沿海前 4 h."圣帕"风暴增水幅度与各验潮站的海平面气压关系密切,6h变压值对于风暴增水幅度的预报有一定的提前预报价值.     

一次登陆湛江台风风暴潮数值预报

本文对2002年8月在湛江附近登陆的0214号强热带风暴(黄蜂)进行了风暴潮实时预报。根据中央气象台预报的热带气旋强度和位置,采用数值模式,在该热带气旋由北上加强到登陆减弱的整个过程中,进行了三次实时预报,分别为18日20时、19日08时和19日 17时。预报结果表明本数值模式具有良好的预报功能,并指出其风暴潮预报时效和精度在很大程度上取决于热带气旋气象预报的时效和精度。     

0606号台风"派比安"风暴潮特征分析与总结

2006年第6号台风"派比安"在广东境内的阳西到电白之间沿海登陆,此次台风引起的大风、巨浪以及强降雨给粤、桂、琼三省的沿海地区构成极大的威胁.本文以闸坡站和硇洲站的实测资料为依据,运用水文统计学和气象学等相关知识,对粤西沿海的潮位和风暴增水等特性进行初步分析,得出台风的登陆位置、台风风力、大风持续时间以及浪高等对风暴潮的产生有重要的指示作用,并且还探讨了台风路径和特殊的地形特征等因素致使最大增水出现时间与台风登陆时间存在时间上的前后偏差.本文通过分析此次台风的风暴增水特征,可以帮助总结预报经验,为今后提高风暴潮预报的准确度提供参考.     

2005年海南岛沿岸风暴潮特征分析

2005年海南岛沿岸出现三次明显风暴增水过程,分别由0508号强热带风暴"天鹰"、0516号热带风暴"韦森特"和0518号台风"达维"引发,给海南省的经济造成严重损失.本文从热带气旋特征、增水等方面进行分析,总结了各个热带气旋所引发的风暴增水特征,以便为今后的风暴潮预报积累经验,更好地为海洋减灾防灾服务.     

1992年罕见特大风暴潮灾分析及预（警）报服务

本文分析了9216号强热带风暴引起我国东部沿海罕见特大风暴潮灾的天气形势及风暴增水特点,阐明了潮灾的成因,扼要介绍了这次特大风暴潮灾预（警）报服务情况,强调风暴潮监测、预报在沿海减灾中具有十分重要的地位。     

超强台风“桑美”及“韦帕”风暴潮预报分析

基干河口海岸水动力模型MIKE2l,以及全球潮汐预报模型,建立浙江省沿海天文潮与风暴潮耦合预报模式.针对登陆浙江省的两次超强台风"桑美"和"韦帕",以预报的天文潮潮波和台风参数为依据,进行浙江沿海风暴潮位预报,在路径基本准确的情况下,风暴高潮位预报值与实测值相差17cm,后报精度为12cm,为沿海防汛提供了可靠的依据.     

0515台风"卡努"影响浙江的强风分析

本文对0515台风“卡努”登陆浙江后,强度减弱为强热带风暴,对影响浙江沿海海面及沿海地区的外围风速远强于近风暴中心风速进行了分析,分析结果表明:副热带高压的加强、对流层中下层急流的动量下传、高空较强的下沉气流和台风外围气压梯度力迅猛增大的共同作用,是造成本次风暴外围风速远强于近风暴中心风速的重要原因。     

2003年广东风暴潮分析和预报总结

2003年登陆广东的3个台风(0307号伊布都、0312号科罗旺、0313号杜鹃),中心气压及风力都十分强,分别造成全省沿海较高的风暴潮位,甚至部分沿海破了或平了历史记录。3个强台风同一年登陆广东且分别造成珠江口、粤西、粤东较严重风暴潮的情况十分罕见。本文从台风特性、台风增水、台风风暴高潮位、重现期等方面进行分析,并从中分别总结出我省沿海各岸段台风风暴潮的主要特点及作业预报经验。     

浙江沿岸"0216"号台风风暴潮特征及预报经验总结

本文对2002第16号台风“森拉克”的风暴潮灾害过程做了回顾，总结预报经验，分析本次过程浙江沿海各岸段风暴潮特征及成因，提出特殊河口、湾口地形的风暴增水和天文潮相互作用的问题。预报实践证明，及时地根据最新的气象预报和实况观测资料来调整潮位和风暴增水预报值是本次风暴潮预报取得成功的关键。预报和实况的对比结果说明，本次对浙江沿岸各岸段的增水和高潮的过程预报是及时、准确的。台风在登陆前几个小时移动速度突然急剧加快，是本次风暴高潮位预报出现误差的主要原因。     

2003年02号强热带风暴（鲸鱼）预报分析

0302号(鲸鱼)强热带风暴移至吕宋岛东北部洋面并处在转折阶段,我们始终坚持(鲸鱼)朝偏北方向移动,对广东沿海无直接影响的预报结论.主要是对历史上四月份热带气旋资料作了详细分析、对(鲸鱼)移动路径和转折阶段的天气系统变化作了反复对比、与自行归纳的预报方法相符,在实施过程中收到了良好效果.     

营口市海水浴场资源环境容量分析

营口市位于辽宁省的中南部,面对渤海的辽东湾,背依鞍山市平原丘陵,东邻辽东崇山峻岭,西接盘锦市沿海平原,有辽河蜿蜒人海,海岸线绵延曲折。由于受海洋、河流的影响．营口市四季分明,气候宜人,蕴藏着丰富的滨海旅游资源,海蚀景观、地质珍迹、人文景观等资源各显异彩;尤其是海水浴场,条件极为优越,与国际上一流的海水浴场相比．毫不逊色,在某些特征上还稍胜一筹。     

A method of estimation of the results of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys

A method for the estimation of the results of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys is proposed. It is based on the comparison of the estimates of power spectral densities for the components of current velocity computed according to three data sets: the data set of the coordinates of a drifting buoy with a built-in GPS receiver, the data set of coordinates formed on the basis of the first set but with data missing and observational errors corresponding to the actual trajectory measurements by the Argos satellite location and data collection system by the Doppler method, and the data set of coordinates obtained as a result of interpolation of the second set. As an example, we consider the procedure of realization of the proposed method and demonstrate the efficiency of its application for the improvement of the reliability of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys.     

Estimates of fishery potentials of the EEZ of India

An attempt has been made to estimate the fishery potentials of the EEZ of India on the basis of data on primary and secondary production. The total column primary production and zooplankton production have been calculated to be 265·9 and 9 million tonnes of carbon per year, respectively. From these values the fishery potential has been estimated as 2·5 million tonnes per year. To this, if we add the estimated demersal fish catch, being 1·2 million tonnes per year, the total potential yield comes to 3·7 million tonnes per year. Since the present average total catch is about 1·6 million tonnes in a year, the fish catch could be doubled.     

韩国的海岸带综合管理

1992年，联合国21世纪议程提出了综合管理的概念，并认为它是海岸管理的最重要目标，而海岸管理的目的就是改进业已存在的管理实践的效率和效果。在21世纪议程的实施过程中，沿海国家面临着巨大的困难，即：为了使综合管理在实践中具有可操作性而建立适合的政府机构。韩国正是在国家范围和次一级区域进行这项工作的实验场所。这项工作的最重要成就是在1996年成立了具有综合协调各涉海部门职能的韩国海洋事务与渔业部（MOMAF）。这篇文章的内容主要来自于这些观察，即韩国政府为建立海岸带综合机制而进行了各种努力，特别是1992年联合国环发大会召开后到1997年初海洋事务与渔业部成立了海岸带管理处这段时间里开展的各种工作，文章重点在于评价在建立海岸带综合机制的过程中综合的概念是如何被应用并被挑战的。文章提出了在东亚地区沿海国家开展合作的可能区域的建议。     

天然气水合物地球化学特征

天然气水合物是在低温、高压以及有足够气体供应条件下形成的一种天然气(主要为甲烷)与水组成的似冰状固态化合物。天然气水合物中包含的甲烷碳是全球甲烷资源的重要组成部分,是一种数量巨大的潜在能源[1]。而且由于甲烷的温室效应,天然气水合物分解释放的甲烷进入大气中会严重     

海鸟系列CTD数据预处理分析

介绍了海鸟系列温盐深测量仪(CTD)原始数据预处理的方法和步骤,解释各个过程中的原理,根据规范和工作实际对处理过程中存在的问题进行分析,提出解决方案,针对资料的标准化提出建议和意见。     

A model of the dynamics of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov

We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Analysis of photographic images of the structure of the surface of the sea near a speck of light

Values of root mean square slope ₀ and its variations -₀ are estimated using the brightness field of an image of the surface of the sea near a speck of light. When ₀ and -₀ are defined it is highly important to take into account direct as well as dissipated solar radiation.The space-time analysis of the structure of the image brightness field is performed. This gives an opportunity to estimate dispersion relationship and the running effect of a brightness contrast packet. Comparison of the parameters obtained with the theoretical dispersion ratio of internal waves (IW) allows one to make a conclusion that IW surface manifestations are recorded in a frame.UDK 551.463.5     

Hierarchy of the models of classical mechanics of inhomogeneous fluids

The methods of perturbation theory and integral representations are used to analyze the general properties of a system of equations of the mechanics of inhomogeneous fluids including the equations of momentum, mass, and temperature transfer. We also consider various submodels of this system, including the reduced systems in which some kinetic coefficients are equal to zero and degenerate systems in which the variations of density or some other variables are neglected. We analyze both regularly perturbed and singularly perturbed solutions of the system. In the case of reduction or degeneration of solutions, the order of the system decreases. In this case, regularly perturbed solutions are preserved (with certain modifications) but the number of singularly perturbed components participating in the formation of the boundary layers on contact surfaces and their analogs in the bulk of the fluid, i.e., the elongated high-gradient interlayers, decreases. The interaction between all components of the currents is nonlinear, despite the fact that their characteristic scales are different.