Sequence Stratigraphy of the Sinian

塔里木盆地震旦系—中泥盆统层序地层可划分为2个巨层序、6个超层序、17个层序。震旦纪—中泥盆世区域大地构造演化经历了古新疆克拉通板块的裂解与拼合,塔里木盆地演化则经历了震旦纪—奥陶纪克拉通边缘裂陷盆地和志留纪—中泥盆世弧后前陆盆地两个阶段。巨层序Ⅰ代表克拉通边缘裂陷盆地演化阶段的产物其中超层序ⅠA代表震旦纪裂谷盆地充填沉积;超层序ⅠB和ⅠC代表寒武纪—早奥陶世克拉通边缘坳陷盆地的沉积;超层序ⅠD代表中、晚奥陶世弧后拉张盆地充填沉积。巨层序Ⅱ代表弧后前陆盆地演化阶段的产物其中塔东地区超层序ⅡA代表志留纪挤压挠曲为主的弧后前陆盆地充填沉积;塔西南地区超层序ⅡB代表中、晚泥盆世主要以构造负荷作用为主的周缘前陆盆地充填沉积。层序地层的研究表明,构造作用在大部分Ⅲ级层序形成中起着决定性的作用,只是在寒武纪—早奥陶世盆地处在稳定的被动大陆边缘盆地和克拉通盆地演化时期,全球海平面的升降变化才对其层序的形成起着重要的作用。     

塔里木盆地震旦系-中泥盆统层序地层分析

塔里木盆地震旦系-中泥盆统层序地层可划分为2个巨层序、6个超层序、17个层序。震旦纪-中泥盆世区域大地构造演化经历了古新疆克拉通板块的裂解与拼合,塔里木盆地演化则经历了震旦纪-奥陶纪克拉通边缘裂陷盆地和志留纪-中泥盆世弧后前陆盆地两个阶段。巨层序Ⅰ代表克拉通边缘裂陷盆地演化阶段的产物:其中超层序 Ⅰ A 代表震旦纪裂谷盆地充填沉积;超层序Ⅰ B 和Ⅰ C 代表寒武纪-早奥陶世克拉通边缘坳陷盆地的沉积;超层序Ⅰ D 代表中、晚奥陶世弧后拉张盆地充填沉积。巨层序Ⅱ代表弧后前陆盆地演化阶段的产物:其中塔东地区超层序Ⅱ A 代表志留纪挤压挠曲为主的弧后前陆盆地充填沉积;塔西南地区超层序Ⅱ B 代表中、晚泥盆世主要以构造负荷作用为主的周缘前陆盆地充填沉积。层序地层的研究表明,构造作用在大部分Ⅲ级层序形成中起着决定性的作用,只是在寒武纪-早奥陶世盆地处在稳定的被动大陆边缘盆地和克拉通盆地演化时期,全球海平面的升降变化才对其层序的形成起着重要的作用。     

塔里木盆地库鲁克塔格志留纪海退沉积和构造背景

塔里木盆地东北缘的库鲁克塔格断隆区志留系土什布拉克组顶部的河流沉积是本区古生界第一次出现的陆相地层,表明志留纪本区发生了大规模的海退事件,由滨--浅海转变为陆相冲积环境。向上变粗的沉积序列反映出盆地的快速充填。志留系顶部的大规模角度不整合、志留系由海相转变为陆相的充填特征、前陆隆起和火山弧造山带的物源区背景反映出盆地发育的挤压构造背景。隆升的库鲁克塔格北缘的前陆隆起和火山弧造山带成为库鲁克塔格志留纪盆地的物源区。该区志留纪的海退事件是在前陆隆升的背景下发生的。志留纪盆地是在震旦-奥陶纪裂谷盆地基础上发育的,这种前陆性质盆地的形成与南天山洋自东向西逐渐闭合和塔里木板块顺时针旋转有关; 志留纪盆地的发育与消亡代表了塔里木盆地震旦纪-志留纪-泥盆纪的拉张--挤压成盆旋回的结束。     

塔里木克拉通寒武纪—奥陶纪原型盆地、岩相古地理与油气

寒武系—奥陶系是塔里木盆地最重要的海相碳酸盐岩含油气层系。基于板块构造环境、深部构造背景、沉积充填、构造演化、火山活动等分析,对塔里木克拉通寒武纪—奥陶纪原型盆地和岩相古地理进行了恢复,并研究其与油气的关系。根据盆地所受主要构造应力,对寒武纪—早奥陶世伸展构造背景阶段和中、晚奥陶世聚敛挤压构造背景阶段原型盆地及岩相古地理演化进行了分析。重点关注对油气聚集有重要控制作用的盆地内古隆起形成演化、碳酸盐岩台地演化与消亡过程、开阔及局限台地相及台缘相带展布等;总结了寒武系—奥陶系主要烃源岩和储集层发育模式。根据烃源岩发育所处的盆地类型及构造部位,认为塔里木盆地发育3种类型的优质烃源岩;储层主要划分为沉积型礁滩储层以及岩溶储层两大类。沉积型礁滩储层按照发育位置以及形成的控制因素可以分为4种类型,岩溶型储层按照发育部位及形成机理也可以划分为4类。综合考虑盆地构造演化、烃源岩和储层的发育等因素,提出了塔里木盆地海相碳酸盐岩未来的有利勘探领域。     

加勒比板块边缘中新生代构造古地理特征及演化

加勒比板块边缘带包括西缘中美洲古陆块及火山岛弧、北缘大安的列斯岛弧带、东缘小安的列斯岛弧带和南缘南美板块北部4个部分,其沉积充填特征存在明显差异。加勒比板块边缘接受沉积时间由西向东逐渐变晚,其中中美洲古陆块以碳酸盐岩及火山碎屑岩充填为主,大安的列斯岛弧带及南美板块北部地区以碳酸盐岩—碎屑岩混合沉积充填为特征,中美洲火山岛弧带与东缘小安的列斯岛弧带以火山碎屑岩充填为主,造成这种沉积充填差异的主要原因是构造演化控制下的加勒比地区的古地理特征不同。加勒比板块及其周缘地区的构造古地理演化共经历4个阶段:(1)侏罗纪裂谷期,泛大陆的裂解使得南、北美板块边缘发育裂谷相;(2)白垩纪被动陆缘期,古加勒比海槽的进一步打开使得南、北美板块边缘发育被动大陆边缘浅海相;(3)晚白垩世—始新世碰撞造山期,加勒比板块与南、北美板块的碰撞拼合作用使得加勒比板块南、北缘均从海相转变为碰撞造山陆相;(4)始新世以来的分异期,随着古加勒比海槽的消亡和北缘碰撞拼合的结束,加勒比板块东缘及西缘的火山岛弧带进一步发育,而北缘及南缘继续发育陆相沉积。     

塔里木盆地西部古盐岩同位素地球化学与成钾预测研究

我国钾盐资源紧缺，寻找优质大型钾盐矿床一直是国家资源普查的重要目标这一。塔里木盆地在其地史发展过程中，曾与广海相通，多期海水的侵入和间断，以及适宜的构造、古地里环境具备成钾的基本地质条件，因此一直被列为我国寻找古钾矿的重点地区。为了更准备地判断其成盐的海陆相特征，即成盐物质的主要来源，以及岩盐沉积之前的古卤水蒸发浓缩阶段，预测更有前景的成钾远景区，论文选择了蒸发岩沉积序列中的石膏及石盐矿物，分别分析了其硫同位素及氯同位素分布特征。结果表明，非还原环境下沉积的石膏硫同位素可以准确判断盐岩沉积的海相、陆相和海陆交互沉积特征，氯同位素可以判断岩盐的沉积阶段。应用这两个同位素新指标分析，塔里木盆地西部喀什次级构造凹陷晚白垩世盐岩沉积接近海相沉积类型，而且岩盐沉积阶段较晚，是一最有利成钾远景区。     

西准噶尔地区石炭纪残余洋盆充填演化的地层学记录北大核心CSCD

准噶尔盆地位于古亚洲洋构造域南部,是中亚造山带的重要组成部分。早石炭世,该盆地继承了晚泥盆世多洋岛的古地理格局,沉积了一套巨厚海相沉积物。随着古准噶尔洋持续收缩,海水逐渐退去,区内形成多个残余洋盆,并最后被充填及消亡。太勒古拉组、包古图组和希贝库拉斯组为西准噶尔地区从下到上的石炭纪沉积序列,完整记录了西准噶尔残余洋盆充填消亡的全过程。根据上述三组地层岩性及其组合特征、沉积构造特征,将残余洋盆收缩充填过程分为3个阶段:太勒古拉组以暗色硅质岩、硅质泥岩夹粉砂岩为主,代表着洋盆沉积记录,即盆地阶段;包古图组以硅质岩、粉—细砂岩和含砾砂岩为主,毫米—厘米级鲍马序列极为发育,代表洋盆缓慢收缩充填的开始,即缓慢充填阶段;希贝库拉斯组以含砾砂岩、砾岩、角砾岩夹砂岩和泥岩为主,浊流沉积和风暴沉积较为发育,水体较浅,残余洋盆进入快速充填—消亡阶段。     

塔里木盆地塔北与塔中地区东河砂岩段沉积特征对比

塔里木盆地东河砂岩是中国首例海相深层含油气沉积储层.笔者通过对塔里木盆地地质和地球物理资料综合研究发现,塔中和塔北东河砂岩均具有较高的成分和结构成熟度、典型的海相粒度参数和微量元素组合、明显的滨浅海沉积构造等特征,但在沉积特征细节和沉积环境等方面还存在着差异.塔北地区东河砂岩段沉积于滨岸及障壁岛-泻湖环境,塔中地区东河砂岩段沉积于河口湾-滨岸环境.进而阐明了塔中和塔北东河砂岩段沉积特征的垂向序列和沉积相平面分布特征.     

塔里木盆地志留纪脊椎动物的特征及其 沉积相、古环境

20世纪80年代以来,在塔里木盆地西北部柯坪—巴楚地区发现了许多志留纪脊椎动物化石,其中包括无颌类、软骨鱼类等。这些化石的发现和深入研究揭示了塔里木盆地志留纪时期的古地理位置及其格局,进一步确定了塔里木陆块在该时期的古生物地理区应属于塔里木-扬子古脊椎动物生物地理区系。记述了采自塔里木盆地中心2个钻井岩心中的3件早志留世脊椎动物化石,其中1件化石为无颌类的新科、新属、新种。同时对志留纪时期塔里木陆块的沉积特征、古环境进行了分析和探讨。上述研究为油气勘探提供了有价值的科学依据。     

皖南地区加里东期前陆盆地层序地层特征

皖南地区从晚奥陶世-志留纪末以来，由于受加里东运动的影响．造成盆地性质由沉积盆地突然转变为构造盆地，形成冲断带和前陆盆地。扬子东南边缘从被动大陆边缘沉积盆地演化成为前陆盆地，是在挤压收缩构造背号下铸就了特有的古地理构造和演化特征，为典型的前陆盆地充填和向上变浅序列。通过对前陆盆地内露头层序地层的研究，将中奥陶统至志留纪系划分为1个二级沉积层序，以海平面相对变化和沉积物的转变进一步划分成3个三级层序。详细分析了每个沉积层序各体系域的特征。区内的晚奥陶世-志留纪总体为一变深往上又变浅的沉积层序。     

黔中-黔东南地区下志留统沉积相

下志留统由下向上分为龙马溪阶、大中坝阶和紫阳阶。黔北地区3个阶有连续的沉积物,而黔中-黔东南地区缺失早志留世龙马溪期和大中坝期早期的沉积。海平面的下降导致黔中隆起上的中下奥陶统成为暴露喀斯特地貌。以余庆-黄平地区为界分成了南、北2个区。南区只有紫阳阶的翁项组(或高寨田组)由南向北超覆在中下奥陶统岩溶暴露面上,在凯里至都匀一带为海湾-澙湖相的钙质砂泥岩沉积,向西至贵阳一带为开阔性的滨浅海沉积。早志留世的海侵改造了下伏岩溶喀斯特和古风化壳,沉积了波浪改造型的砾屑灰岩和海侵充填型的含灰岩砾块碎屑岩,两者均非"底砾岩"。     

川东南地区早志留世晚期沉积特征及沉积模式分析

通过对川东南地区野外露头、大量岩心、测井等资料的综合研究结果表明,研究区早志留世晚期发育2个沉积体系组,包括3种沉积相及众多亚相、微相类型。其中三角洲沉积主要发育于靠近江南—雪峰山隆起的川东南—湘西地区;碳酸盐岩台地沉积主要发育于川南—黔北地区;陆棚沉积主要发育于宜宾—重庆一带。沉积模式显示了早志留世晚期川东南地区为受古隆起控制的局限海盆,研究区东部发育一套以碎屑岩为主的小河坝组,由于江南—雪峰山不断隆起,向研究区提供了大量物源,沉积了一套向上变粗的三角洲沉积。研究区南部受黔中隆起控制,由于黔中隆起相对稳定,在其北侧主要发育了与小河坝组同时异相的石牛栏组碳酸盐岩台地沉积。该新认识有助于了解川东南地区小河坝组砂体的时空展布,以及预测该区有利油气聚集区带。对下一步油气勘探部署具有重要的理论意义和实际指导价值。     

Facies Analysis and Sequence Stratigraphy of Silurian Carbonate Ramps in the Turan (Kopeh-Dagh) and Central Iran Plates with Emphasis on Gondwana Tectonic Event

Two sections from the Silurian deposits in the Central Iran Micro and Turan Plates were measured and sampled. These deposits are mostly composed of submarine volcanic rocks, skeletal and non-skeletal limestone, shale and sandstone that were deposited in low to high energy conditions (from tidal flat to deep open marine). According to gradual deepening trend, wide lateral distribution of facies as well as absence of resedimentation deposits, a depositional model of a homoclinal ramp was proposed for these deposits. Field observations and facies distribution indicate that, two depositional sequences were recognized in both sections. These sections show similarities in facies and depositional sequence during the Early Silurian in the area. Although there are some opinions and evidences that demonstrated Paleo-Tethys rifting phase started at the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian, similarities suggest that the Turan and Iran Plates were not completely detached tectonic block during this time, and that their depositional conditions were affected by global sea level changes and tectonic events.     

From Flysch to Molasse——Sedimentary and Tectonic Evolution of Late Caledonian-Early Hercynian Foreland Basin in North Qilian Mountains

The Late Caledonian to Early Hercynian North Qilian orogenic belt in northwestern China is an elongate tectonic unit situated between the North China plate in the north and the Qaidam plate in the south. North Qiilan started in the latest Proterozoic to Cambrian as a rift basin an the southern mar-gin of North China, and evolved later to an archipelagic ocean and active continental margin during the Ordovician and a fardand basin from Silurian to the Early and Middle Devonian. The Early Silurian fly-sch and sulmmrine alluvial fan, the Middle to Late Silurian shallow marine to tidal flat deposits and the Early and Middle Devonian terrestrial.molasse are developed along the corridor Nansimn. The shallo-wing-upward succession from subabyssal flysch, shallow marine, tidal flat to terrestrial molasse and its gradually narrowed regional distribution demonstrate that the foreland basin experienced the transition from flysch stake to molasse stake during the Silurian and Devonian time.     

China in the Silurian period

During the Silurian Period, tectonism was fairly marked in the Chinese region, and extensive shallow‐water marine transgressions occurred, with the accompanying development of eugeosynclinal and miogeosynclinal regimes. In the Late Silurian, a Caledonian (Kwangsian) orogenic movement affected several regions of China and regression was marked.

The Lower Silurian of China is principally a graptolitic facies, with 12 zones, giving place in the Middle Silurian to a predominantly shelly facies. The Upper Silurian is similar to the Middle Silurian but is usually more clastic and less fossiliferous, especially in the higher parts.     

桂东南志留纪热水沉积成矿的碳氧同位素证据

志留系地层是桂东南博白―岑溪地区铅锌矿床的主要赋矿层位,产出佛子冲和东桃等层状铅锌矿床,其直接赋矿围岩均为下志留统碎屑岩地层中的层状绿色岩和碳酸盐岩夹层。碳、氧同位素测试结果显示,赋矿层位中碳酸盐岩夹层的δ18 O值显著低于正常海相灰岩,在δ18 O-δ13 C图解上碳酸盐岩夹层和矿石中方解石样品投点均集中分布在基性-超基性岩浆岩和花岗岩区及附近。该碳酸盐岩夹层的形成与海底热水沉积作用有关,类似于现代海底烟囱中的低温喷口产物。桂东南志留纪热水沉积成矿作用可以概括为电解成矿机制。     

Tectonostratigraphy of the exposed Silurian deposits in Arabia

Exposed Silurian deposits in Arabia are represented by the Qalibah Group, the Qusaiba and Sharawra formations. The Qusaiba Formation is composed of dark-gray claystones and siltstones. It is disconformably underlain by the Late Ordovician–Early Silurian? Uqlah Formation or unconformably underlain by the Late Ordovician Zarqa or Sarah formations. It is disconformably overlain by the Sharawra Formation. The Early Rhuddanian basal “hot shale” of the Qusaiba Formation represents the early stage of the early Silurian marine transgression over the Gondwana broad shelf. It is a regional marker used to outline the structural configuration of the area prior to the Silurian time. The Sharawra Formation is composed of siltstone and sandstone. It is unconformably overlain by the Late Silurian?–Early Devonian Tawil Formation. Silurian deposits show a pronounced thinning from 992 m in the Tabuk area in the west and are completely missing in the northern part of the Qusayba depression in the east. The thinning of the Qusaiba shale and Sharawra sandstone is interpreted as due to depositional and erosional features, respectively. Thinning and distribution of the Early Rhuddanian shale “hot shale” is depositional which is affected by preexisting Late Ordovician paleo-highs in central Arabia. Thinning of the Sharawra sandstones is erosional which is attributed to Late Silurian tectonic movements synchronous with the Acadian uplift phase of the Caledonian tectonic movements. The main structural elements in central Arabia are represented by the north–south trending and northerly plunging Hail arch and to a much lesser extent the northwest–southeast trending and southerly plunging Qusayba high.     

西秦岭中志留统“硅、灰、泥岩”型层控铀矿的沉积特征及控矿条件

本文详细研究了西秦岭南带中志留统“硅、灰、泥岩”型层控铀矿含矿岩系的沉积相类型及特征,查明了本区中志留世各期的岩相古地理特征。着重讨论了铀矿田内控矿的地质条件。     

西准噶尔布兰萨拉地区金成矿条件及找矿方向探讨

西准噶尔布兰萨拉地区位于谢米斯台-沙尔布提铜多金属成矿带的西段,区内已发现金矿床、金矿点、矿化点数十处,但目前尚无人对区内的金成矿条件进行系统总结和分析,下一步找矿方向不明确。本文在前人工作基础上,通过收集、整理已有的钻探、槽探、化探等资料,结合实地勘察及样品采集等工作,初步梳理出石英脉型和蚀变岩型两种金矿化成因类型。赋矿地层主要为古生界下志留统谢米斯台组,赋矿岩系为火山碎屑岩,岩性以石英脉、硅化凝灰岩等为主。晚志留世中酸性侵入岩与金矿的关系密切。北东向孟布拉克断裂为研究区内主干断裂,为导矿构造,控制着带内金矿的分布及规模,北东向、近东西向、北北东向的第二级次级断裂是主要的成矿、容矿构造。不同方向构造交汇地段、中酸性侵入体发育地段及金地球化学晕圈分布地段是研究区内下一步金矿找矿方向。     

The Silurian geology of Gotland, Sweden

Gotland is an island in the central Baltic, long recognized as the most outstanding outcrop of Silurian shallow-water marine sediments in the world. These represent deposition in tropical environments in an epeiric sea on the small continent of Baltica. The sediments are interbedded limestones and shales with subordinate sandstones and are developed as a carbonate platform on the underlying Precambrian, Cambrian and Ordovician. Particularly spectacular are reef deposits, rich in stromatoporoid sponges, which occur throughout the Gotland sequence. The sequence is almost undisturbed and provides an excellent field laboratoy to study a variety of Silurian facies.