席状岩浆房的冷却模式

关于岩浆房中的岩浆冷却已有好几种传统模式，但这些模式都未能很好地反映岩浆冷却的实际物理过程。本文在充分考虑席状岩浆房的基本物理特征的基础上，建立了岩浆冷却固化过程中潜热释放的动态模型，讨论了传导冷却情况下温度场的数值模拟，并与传统作法进行了比较，表明在席状岩浆房中难以产生强烈而持久的自发对流，即席状岩浆房主要是在无对流的传导模式下冷却固化的。     

论南京娘娘山碱性岩浆房的梯度及基成因机制

本文详细研究了娘娘山碱性火山杂岩体中矿物斑晶和化学成分的变化情况，发现它们 定位前在岩浆房中就存在着物质成分的梯度和分带性。提出并论证矿物的分离结晶是该岩浆房中 梯度形成的主要机制，但由对流所控制的热重力扩散作用对岩浆房中成分梯度的形成也具一定的 影响。     

峨山玉河寨杂岩体的反序岩浆演化及成因探讨

玉河寨基性－超基性环状杂岩体的岩相学及地球化学资料表明，属同源岩浆演经的产物，岩浆演化为基性→超基性的反序岩浆演化。这种反序岩浆演化的机制主要是由于斜长石在高位岩浆房中的分离结晶所致。对流分离作用可能是斜长石晶体从熔融体中分离的方式。在此基础上，笔者提出了该岩体的成因模式。     

论南京娘娘山碱性岩浆房的梯度及其成因机制

本文详细研究了娘娘山碱性火山杂岩体中矿物斑晶和化学成分的变化情况,发现它们定位前在岩浆房中就存在着物质成分的梯度和分带性。提出并论证矿物的分离结晶是该岩浆房中梯度形成的主要机制,但由对流所控制的热重力扩散作用对岩浆房中成分梯度的形成也具一定的影响。     

甘肃金川Ⅱ号岩浆硫化物含矿岩体岩浆演化过程探讨

金川矿床是我国最大的岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床,岩体主要由硫化物橄榄岩、含辉橄榄岩、二辉橄榄岩和橄榄辉石岩等岩相组成。以金川Ⅱ号岩体为例,根据岩相学观察和常量元素、微量元素地球化学特征的分析,试图对岩浆上升过程中的演化分异进行深入探讨,发现金川Ⅱ号岩体岩浆结晶分异演化过程主要包括深部岩浆房中尖晶石—橄榄石的分离结晶和浅部岩浆房辉石与斜长石的结晶,而地壳物质的同化混染发生在岩浆上升的整个过程,地壳物质的同化混染是导致母岩浆中硫饱和的主要因素。该岩浆分异演化过程间接支持了汤中立提出的"深部分异-熔离,依次贯入"成矿模式。     

“岩浆热场”说及其成矿意义(上)

文中首先介绍了岩浆热场的沿革,指出"岩浆热场"并不是一个新概念,很早已出现在文献中了。常识告诉我们,炽热的岩浆侵位必定在周围形成一个热场,这就是岩浆热场。国外在19世纪晚期即对岩浆热场有比较深入的研究。罗文积和陈家清早在20世纪90年代(1997)就明确表述了对"岩浆热场"的认识,并给予精彩的阐述,他们是"岩浆热场"学说的先行者。文中简要介绍了地热场的概念,讨论了岩石的热力学性质、热传导形式、影响热流和地温分布的各种可能的因素。而"岩浆热场"指的是:在一个很短的时间内,在一个局部的地区出现的岩浆活动,使该区域地热梯度相对周边地区明显的上升,使之形成一个局部区域的热场。热场的规模很小,通常只离岩体几米或几公里。热异常和等温线是垂直分布的,叠加在地热场之上。并介绍了岩浆热场的基本特征。岩浆热场与地热场的热的来源不同,热的分布不同,地温梯度不同,热场规模不同,持续的时间不同,热与流体的关系不同以及研究方法不同等。岩浆热场说是建立在岩浆物理性质和岩浆动力学基础上的,它依赖于对岩浆的形成、侵位、冷却、固结及其对围岩的影响等知识的了解。牵涉到岩浆的温度、压力、黏度、密度、流变等基本问题。文中着重讨论了岩浆对围岩的热效应和岩浆热场中的流体等问题。岩浆热场最重要的意义是,它是流体赖以上升的通道。文中还概略讨论了流体和成矿流体来自哪里?流体是怎样上升的?热场中流体是怎样对流循环的?热液双向汇聚成矿理论等。     

邓阜仙花岗岩的构造环境、岩浆来源与演化

本文利用An-Ab-Or-Q-H_2O体系相图等对邓阜仙复式岩体的分析研究表明。四期花岗岩为同一深部岩浆房岩浆结晶分异演化的产物,岩浆房深度约为12km,并且该岩体的主体第一期岩浆也经历了部分就地结晶分异作用。邓阜仙岩体不仅仅具有S型花岗岩特征,而且还显示出某些Ⅰ型花岗岩的特征,其源岩可能为前寒武纪的正、副变质岩混杂的岩石。该岩体总体上形成于同碰撞构造环境,且从第一期到第四期有着同碰撞向板内花岗岩变化的趋势,反映了本区从印支到燕山晚期陆壳成熟度不断增强的过程。     

安徽月山地区闪长岩类岩浆动力学及其与成矿作用的联系

基于火成岩石学、流体动力学、流变学及传热学和热力学的研究，计算和分析了安徽月山地区闪长岩类岩浆的分凝、上升、对流、定位和结晶等岩过程的速度与，并探讨了岩浆的某些物理性质和动力学行为如熔体的含水量、水的运动特征，岩浆上升速度和对流状态等与成矿作用的联系。     

西昆仑普鲁新生代火山岩的矿物化学特征及其对岩浆演化过程的约束

对西昆仑普鲁新生代火山岩的矿物学进行了系统的研究。结果表明：该地区火山岩主要由橄榄石、单斜辉石和斜长石组成,并有少量的斜方辉石、黑云母、角闪石、碱性长石和铁钛氧化物。其矿物学特征指示了岩浆的性质有点类似于碱性岩浆,但与典型的碱性玄武岩又有明显的区别,属于橄榄安粗岩系列。利用橄榄石-熔体平衡原理估算了进入高位岩浆房中的熔体的MgO含量约为6．2％,Mg^#为0．57,说明其不是地幔熔融形成的原始岩浆,而是经历了深部岩浆房的分离结晶过程。由单斜辉石估算的高位岩浆房的深度约7～9km。岩浆在高位岩浆房中发生了较长时间的强烈分离结晶作用,分离结晶相主要为橄榄石、单斜辉石和斜长石以及少量的斜方辉石、黑云母、角闪石、碱性长石和铁钛氧化物。不同时期形成的铁钛氧化物指示了分离结晶过程由相对高温高氧逸度向相对低温低氧逸度演化。与此相对照的是岩浆在深部岩浆房中可能只发生了橄榄石和辉石等铁镁矿物的分离结晶作用,且分异作用时间较短。深部岩浆房可能存在于岩石圈地幔或壳幔过渡带中,岩浆由深部岩浆房上升到高位岩浆房中的过程是近绝热的,从浅部岩浆房到地表是快速上升的过程。     

吉林红旗岭1号和7号岩体中含矿超镁铁质岩的矿物化学特征:对岩浆演化过程以及铜镍硫化物矿床形成机制的约束

本文对吉林红旗岭1号和7号岩体中含矿超镁铁质岩的主要造岩矿物进行了详细研究。两岩体的主要造岩矿物为贵橄榄石、古铜辉石、单斜辉石、斜长石、角闪石和金云母。岩浆的暗色矿物结晶顺序为:橄榄石→斜方辉石→单斜辉石→角闪石→黑云母,与镜下实际观察一致,是岩浆在不同深度结晶的产物。原始岩浆来自上地幔,两岩体进入高位岩浆房中的熔体的MgO含量分别13.98%和14.22%、Mg#值分别为72.22和71.05,为含水的高镁的苦橄质玄武岩浆。深部岩浆房深度距地表约26～27km,岩浆房内的结晶温度介于1280～1379℃之间,即结晶于下地壳中。岩浆由深部上升到高位(浅部)岩浆房中的过程是近绝热的,也是快速完成的。岩浆可能经历了两次岩浆房的演化过程,岩浆在上升到高位岩浆房之前,在深部曾经历了较短时间的橄榄石和少量辉石的分离结晶作用;但在高位岩浆房中混染了地壳物质,与此同时,还经历了同源岩浆混合作用以及岩浆过冷却作用,这些都有利于岩浆体系中成矿元素含量增高以及硫达到饱和状态,使金属硫化物熔离并晶出,从而使岩体发生铜镍矿化作用。     

On Convective Style and Vigor in Sheet-like Magma Chambers

The well known absence of magrnatic superheat is held here tobe a direct reflection of the ease and efficiency of large Rayleighnumber (Ra) convection in evacuating all convectable heat fromthe magma. Magmatic temperature is thus continually bufferedat or below the convective liquidus where the temperature differencedriving convection is vanishingly small and the governing Rais also always small regardless of body size. It is furtherheld here that for bodies where side wall cooling is of lesserimportance, the more common perception of magma chambers isof cooling from above and below where both the initial, isothermal(i.e. isodensity), and final (solid) states are dynamicallystable and that convection is necessarily a transient processconnecting these states. Extensive theoretical and experimentalstudies of cooling from above show that regardless of boundaryconditions transient, small Ra convection is independent oflayer thickness. Instead, convection is driven by formationof a thin, cool, and dense sublayer along the top boundary,and the characteristic length scale of the governing Rayleighnumber, which is time-dependent, is the sublayer thickness (d<<L).All dynamic features of the flow, including heat transfer relyon this length scale and not body thickness; virtually any sheet-likemagmatic body appears infinitely thick to such convection. BecauseRa is small, this transient stage persists for most, if notall, of the period of solidification to mush, whence the bodyis dynamically dead. Under conditions of strongly variable viscosity, only the leadingpart of d (i.e. d'), forward of a critical rheological front,is unstable. Convection itself is restricted to a region whereviscosity changes by no more than a factor of about 3 to 10.Most of the cool, dense sublayer is rigid, immobile crust, unableto participate in convection and cool the body. Rapid advanceof this crust due to cooling inhibits convection by consuminginstabilities before maturation to finite amplitude. Inclusionof solidification in the stability analysis changes the lengthscale in the governing Rayleigh number (Ra_v) to K/V (thermaldiffusivity/advance velocity). Ra is subcritical for large V₀(early times) and only with time becomes supcrcritical. Thisis in striking contrast to the usual Ra_L, which is initiallythe largest it will ever be. Because of continual collapse ofthe unstable sublayer, convection may remain near the criticalRa_v. Convection is thus initially weak and, because the heatflux from the system monotonically decreases with time due tothe thickening conductive crust and cooling, it is preventedfrom becoming indefinitely strong and instead slowly diminisheswith time. Conduction through the advancing crust is balanced by latentheat of crystallization at the crystallization front and convectionoccurs in response to this cooling. Because convection is confinedto the nearly isoviscous, nonsuperheated magma, crust growthis unaffected by convection, even when it is artificially forcedat unnatural rates. The crusts of Hawaiian lava lakes reflectthis in growing at the same rate regardless of lake thicknessand, in numerical convective modeling, imposed Rayleigh number.Overall cooling is well approximated by that of a stagnant,purely conducting layer whose central temperature is constantuntil arrival of the slowly moving cooling front In fact, therate of change of a body's central temperature is a direct measureof the total rate of heat transfer (i.e. Nusselt number, Nu)from that region. This is shown to be very nearly zero for Hawaiianlava lakes, precluding all but the weakest of convective heattransfer within the magma itself. The maximum heat transfer in terms of Nusselt number of anyunheated body within a conductive medium and always kept perfectlywell mixed thermally, relative to the same stagnant body, isshown to be Nu=2 regardless of shape and size. This thermalevolution is closely followed by previous calculations thatassume a large Rayleigh number based on layer thickness. Thermal convection in unheated, sheetlike magma chambers isa transient, sluggish process governed by solidification andsmall scale, small Rayleigh number instabilities; thermallydriven convective turbulence, in the usual sense, is out ofthe question.     

地壳内的岩浆动力学过程及其资源与环境效应SCIEI北大核心CSCD

岩浆是将地球内部物质传送到表层系统的主要载体,并造成显著的资源聚集和环境效应。岩浆动力学是研究岩浆的迁移、储存、演化、就位以及喷发过程,侧重物理机制。这些岩浆过程主要发生在岩浆通道系统中,包括岩浆储库和岩浆管道。本文对目前国际岩浆动力学领域一些热点和前沿进行了介绍,这包括从岩浆房到岩浆储库概念的转变、岩浆储库的生长和动力学演化过程、岩浆过程的时间尺度以及岩浆中晶体的生长。然后阐述了岩浆中挥发分的种类和溶解度、获取天然岩浆挥发分含量的方法、一些典型镁铁质岩浆中的挥发分含量、岩浆去气的化学和物理机制,并简要梳理了热液金属矿床的形成过程和岩浆挥发分进入地表圈层系统引发的环境气候效应。最后列举了一些岩浆动力学有关的重要科学问题并建议了进一步的研究方向。     

Rates of Thermal and Chemical Evolution of Magmas in a Cooling Magma Chamber: a Chronological and Theoretical Study on Basaltic and Andesitic Lavas from Rishiri Volcano, Japan

Rates of magmatic processes in a cooling magma chamber wereinvestigated for alkali basalt and trachytic andesite lavaserupted sequentially from Rishiri Volcano, northern Japan, bydating of these lavas using ²³⁸U–²³⁰Th radioactive disequilibriumand ¹⁴C dating methods, in combination with theoretical analyses.We obtained the eruption age of the basaltic lavas to be 29·3± 0·6 ka by ¹⁴C dating of charcoals. The eruptionage of the andesitic lavas was estimated to be 20·2 ±3·1 ka, utilizing a whole-rock isochron formed by U–Thfractionation as a result of degassing after lava emplacement.Because these two lavas represent a series of magmas producedby assimilation and fractional crystallization in the same magmachamber, the difference of the ages (i.e. 9 kyr) is a timescaleof magmatic evolution. The thermal and chemical evolution ofthe Rishiri magma chamber was modeled using mass and energybalance constraints, as well as quantitative information obtainedfrom petrological and geochemical observations on the lavas.Using the timescale of 9 kyr, the thickness of the magma chamberis estimated to have been about 1·7 km. The model calculationsshow that, in the early stage of the evolution, the magma cooledat a relatively high rate (>0·1°C/year), and thecooling rate decreased with time. Convective heat flux fromthe main magma body exceeded 2 W/m² when the magma was basaltic,and the intensity diminished exponentially with magmatic evolution.Volume flux of crustal materials to the magma chamber and rateof convective melt exchange (compositional convection) betweenthe main magma and mush melt also decreased with time, from 0·1 m/year to 10^–3 m/year, and from 1 m/yearto 10^–2 m/year, respectively, as the magmas evolved frombasaltic to andesitic compositions. Although the mechanism ofthe cooling (i.e. thermal convection and/or compositional convection)of the main magma could not be constrained uniquely by the model,it is suggested that compositional convection was not effectivein cooling the main magma, and the magma chamber is consideredto have been cooled by thermal convection, in addition to heatconduction. KEY WORDS: convection; magma chamber; heat and mass transport; timescale; U-series disequilibria     

岩浆运移动力学及其研究进展

岩浆运移动力学是岩浆动力学的重要分支领域，研究内容包括5个方面：运移方式、运移通道、运移途径、运移动力与运移过程的成矿作用。就这5方面的研究进展进行了系统回顾，对尚待进一步研究的科学问题进行了归纳与总结，指出浮力不是弹性岩石圈岩浆运移上升的驱动力，而上地幔岩浆运移方式、弹性岩石圈岩浆往上运移驱动力、岩浆自主破裂形成的动力学机制、中途停歇岩浆重起动再运移的驱动机制、岩浆再停歇和运移过程的结晶与分异及其与围岩相互作用和伴生的元素富集与成矿作用等问题是岩浆运移动力学是尚待进一步攻关与研究的关键性科学问题。     

滇西腾冲中更新世英安质岩浆的爆发机制

本文对腾冲马站钻孔的中酸性火山岩进行了岩相学、锆石SIMS U-Pb年代学及地球化学研究,确定其岩石类型、形成时代及岩浆喷发前的岩浆状态,从而揭示腾冲火山喷发机制。根据矿物组成将腾冲钻孔的中酸性火山岩分为两层:上层灰白色角闪熔岩(矿物组合:单斜辉石+斜方辉石+角闪石+黑云母+斜长石+钾长石+钛磁铁矿+磁铁矿+石英);下层黑色辉石熔岩(矿物组合:单斜辉石+斜方辉石+斜长石+钛磁铁矿+磁铁矿)。腾冲钻孔中酸性火山岩的锆石均呈半自形-自形,振荡环带明显,为岩浆成因。测年结果表明,灰白色角闪熔岩的结晶年龄为0.7Ma,黑色辉石熔岩中最年轻的锆石为0.6Ma;结合上覆中更新世粗面岩,我们推断其喷发时代为中更新世。地球化学显示角闪熔岩和辉石熔岩都为高钾钙碱性英安岩。相似的全岩和斑晶核部的地化特征,指示角闪英安岩和辉石英安岩来自同一个岩浆房。综合斑晶的地化特征及平衡结晶的温压条件,我们认为早期的岩浆房经历一次基性岩浆补给事件,导致火山爆发产生黑色辉石英安岩,后期岩浆房又经历一次酸性岩浆补给事件,导致火山爆发产生灰白色角闪英安岩。两次岩浆补给事件是导致火山爆发的直接原因。     

Bubbling Magma Chambers,Cupolas, and Porphyry Copper Deposits

Porphyry copper deposits are the major source of copper and significant sources of molybdenum, gold, and other metals. They are associated with the near-surface intrusion of small stocks of intermediate composition. They can form when H₂O-unsaturated magma is emplaced into wall rock that is cool enough that steep lateral thermal gradients create a narrow solidification front. At depths less than ～4 km, cooling and crystallization cause fluid saturation to occur within sidewall magma that is mobile because it contains less than ～25% suspended crystals. After a sufficient volume of bubbles forms, mobile sidewall magma buoyantly rises instead of sinking. The bubbles expand as they decompress, and at depths of ～2 km they become large enough to rise on their own. separate from the upwelled magma, and charge the cupola at the top of the stock with magmatic fluid. The partially degassed magma sinks into the interior of the stock.

Upwelling of saturated sidewall magma entrains deeper-seated, nearly saturated magma, which decompresses and saturates as it rises. As the system cools, the depth of H₂O saturation and sidewall upwelling increases. Bubbles of copper-rich fluid are generated where the saturation front extends to depths of ～6 km or more. Overall, the system is cooling, but the upward advection of heat maintains the cupola region at roughly constant position for the life of convective upwelling along the sidewalls.

Porphyry copper ore deposits can form where draining of the fluid pocket beneath a cupola is steady and a large volume of magma is cycled through the system. Magma in the stock that escapes to intrude commonly has a porphyritic texture because crystal growth is enhanced, and nucleation is suppressed when the magma is H₂O saturated. Porphyry copper deposits of common size can form during the solidification of large stocks. Super-giant porphyry copper deposits can form where the saturation front propagates from a stock into an underlying batholithic chamber with a magma volume on the order of 1000 km³ and a top at depths of 10 to 15 km.     

金川铜镍硫化物矿床岩浆通道系统的成矿模式

金川矿床是目前世界第三大在采铜镍硫化物矿床,其成岩成矿过程及侵位机制一直存在争议。近年来,岩浆通道系统成矿被越来越多的人所接受,正是由于岩浆通道系统这样特殊的开放系统为＂小岩体成大矿＂提供了成矿条件。通过对岩体的形态,以及岩体与围岩接触处的宏观和地球化学特征的研究,指出在岩体侵入前存在一组由F1、F2等拆离断层所组成的正断层系统,为金川岩体的控矿构造,且是与上一级岩浆房贯通的岩浆通道。而对不同矿体Cu、Ni及铂族元素变化趋势的总结和Ⅰ6行富铜隐伏矿体、Ⅱ2号矿体33-41行特富矿的研究,发现Ⅰ24号、Ⅱ1号与Ⅱ2号矿体的矿浆分别由两个不同的岩浆通道形成,指出了岩浆通道的可能产出位置,探讨金川铜镍硫化物矿床的岩浆通道系统成矿模型。     

岩浆热场与热液多金属成矿作用

岩浆热场指的是很短时间内一个局部地区出现的岩浆活动使该区域地热梯度明显上升,形成局部区域的瞬间热场。热场的规模通常很小,离岩体约几米至几千米。范围、规模和形状与侵入体的温度、成分、形态、大小、侵入深度以及流体、构造、围岩性质等有关。岩浆热场最重要的意义在于它是流体赖以上升的场所。岩浆热场不同于地热场的一个重要区别是,岩浆热场往往伴有流体的活动,是流体循环、上升、汲取地壳中有用金属元素的场所。文中讨论了岩浆热场与热液多金属成矿之间的关系,讨论了岩浆热场在岩浆热液矿床、热泉型矿床、热水沉积矿床以及变质热液矿床成矿过程中的作用。岩浆热场对于热液多金属成矿作用的影响是非常明显的,它从一个新的角度解释了成矿为什么是多金属、多成因、多来源等问题。文中强调指出,岩浆热场说解释了为什么大规模岩浆活动与大规模成矿作用密切相关,指出大规模岩浆活动产生的热效应不是1+1=2,而是1+12的效果。即它可以在一个局部范围内把岩浆热场从一个开放体系变为封闭体系,在这个封闭体系内,固岩可以达到更高的温度,热可以持续更长的时间,促进热场范围内流体的对流循环,使流体可以从围岩中汲取尽可能多的有用金属元素,起到单个岩浆无法比拟的效果。许多大型一超大型的多金属矿床即可能与这种作用有关。从热场说角度来看,大规模岩浆活动的成矿潜力几乎是无可限量的。文中还讨论了岩浆热场说的原理及应用中存在的问题,指出岩浆热场说与成矿的关系非常值得关注,它也许可以改变目前对成矿作用的某些固有认识,开拓出一个新领域。     

Causes of geothermal fields and characteristics of ground temperature fields in China

There are many arguments on energy sources and main controlling factors of geothermal fields, so a systematic study on the distribution of ground temperature fields shall be necessary. In this paper the thermal conduction forward method of geothermal field is used to simulate cooling rate of abnormal heat sources and heat transfer of the paleo-uplift model. Combined with a large number of geothermal field exploration cases and oil exploration well temperature curves of domestic and foreign, the following conclusions are drawn:(1) According to the magmatic activity time, the magmatism activities are divided into two categories: Magma active areas(activity time 500 000 years) and weak/magma inactive areas(activity time 500 000 years). The latter has a fast cooling rate(the cooling time of the magma pocket buried around 10 km is less than 200 000 years) after it has intruded into the shallow layer and it has no direct contribution to modern geothermal fields;(2) China belongs to a weak/magma inactive area such as Tengchong region and Qinghai-Tibet region because the chronological data of these regions show that its magma activity time is more than 500 000 years;(3) The temperature of most geothermal fields can be obviously divided into three segments in the vertical direction: A high geothermal gradient segment(Segment H) at the surface, then a low geothermal gradient segment(Segment L) at a secondary depth, and finally a lower temperature segment(Segment D) at a deeper depth. The temperature isoline presents a mirror reflection relation on the temperature profile, indicating that geothermal field is dominated by heat conduction, rather than having an abnormally high temperature "heat source" to provide heat;(4) Near-surface(0-5 km) materials' lateral heterogeneity caused by tectonic movement shall probably be the main controlling factor of ground temperature fields.     

Causes of geothermal fields and characteristics of ground temperature fields in China

There are many arguments on energy sources and main controlling factors of geothermal fields, so a systematic study on the distribution of ground temperature fields shall be necessary. In this paper the thermal conduction forward method of geothermal field is used to simulate cooling rate of abnormal heat sources and heat transfer of the paleo-uplift model. Combined with a large number of geothermal field exploration cases and oil exploration well temperature curves of domestic and foreign, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) According to the magmatic activity time, the magmatism activities are divided into two categories: Magma active areas (activity time < 500 000 years) and weak/magma inactive areas (activity time > 500 000 years). The latter has a fast cooling rate (the cooling time of the magma pocket buried around 10 km is less than 200 000 years) after it has intruded into the shallow layer and it has no direct contribution to modern geothermal fields; (2) China belongs to a weak/magma inactive area such as Tengchong region and Qinghai-Tibet region because the chronological data of these regions show that its magma activity time is more than 500 000 years; (3) The temperature of most geothermal fields can be obviously divided into three segments in the vertical direction: A high geothermal gradient segment (Segment H) at the surface, then a low geothermal gradient segment (Segment L) at a secondary depth, and finally a lower temperature segment (Segment D) at a deeper depth. The temperature isoline presents a mirror reflection relation on the temperature profile, indicating that geothermal field is dominated by heat conduction, rather than having an abnormally high temperature “heat source” to provide heat; (4) Near-surface (0-5 km) materials’ lateral heterogeneity caused by tectonic movement shall probably be the main controlling factor of ground temperature fields.