关于三阶段铅演化体系：以大厂锡矿床及Lewisian片麻岩为例

以大厂锡-多金属矿床、Lewisian片麻岩为例,讨论了成矿/成岩过程中铅的三阶段演化轨迹。在206Pb/204Pb对207Pb/204Pb图解上,大厂硫化物铅的数据点构成了Pb-Pb等时线,该等时线给出了1.508Ga的矿化源岩年龄,说明成矿物质主要来自中元古代基底岩石——四堡群。四堡群本身又可能来自太古宙(2.86Ga)老陆壳,故大厂硫化物中的痕量铅应该具有三阶段的演化史。用三阶段铅演化模式解释大厂硫化物铅同位素资料,结果表明,太古宙老陆壳从上地幔源区分离出来时,其μ2=11.93,大厂矿床矿化源岩的μ3=9.76。不同变质程度的Lewisian杂岩全岩铅具有不同的演化历史:北部区角闪岩相片麻岩具有两阶段的演化史,中心区麻粒岩相片麻岩具有三阶段的演化史。北部区片麻岩两阶段Pb-Pb等时线给出了2.951Ga的成岩年龄,其μ1=7.81。中心区片麻岩三阶段Pb-Pb等时线给出了2.68Ga的变质年龄,其火成源岩的μ2=3.51。在解释异常铅等时线时,对其演化阶段级次的判别具有十分重要意义,它直接涉及不同演化阶段U-Pb体系μ值的计算。资料证明,如果把三次等时线当作二次等时线加以解释,则会导致一系列错误结论的产生。在一般情况下,用三阶段铅演化模式解释某组铅同位素资料时,只是假设第二阶段U-Pb体系是处于封闭状态的,但无任何直接证据。Lewisian北部区片麻岩两阶段铅演化体系与中心区片麻岩三阶段铅演化体系共存的情况为解决上述问题提供了极好的资料。     

栖霞金矿铅同位素组成特征和成因机制

栖霞金矿床的铅同位素组成具有两阶段异常铅的特征,二阶段等时线与μ=7.95单阶段增长曲线的上交点和下交点年龄分别与金矿床和胶东群变质岩的年龄相一致。金在变质过程中的活化预富集和深部隐伏花岗岩体热驱动大气降水深循环淋滤作用,是金矿床形成的主要原因。     

湖南东坡矿田金船塘锡铋矿床铅同位素地球化学及成矿年龄

文章选取金船塘锡铋矿床中的辉铋矿_黄铁矿矿石及长石样品进行了铅同位素分析 ,并对其中两个放射成因铅含量较高的黄铁矿进行了单矿物分步酸淋滤铅同位素分析。结果表明矿床的Pb_Pb等时线成矿年龄为(16 4± 12 )Ma,该年龄与千里山岩体燕山早期第一期的岩浆侵入年龄在误差范围内相同 ,说明矿化的发生与该期花岗岩的侵入关系非常密切。金船塘矿床铅同位素的构造演化模式研究表明铅来源于上地壳 ,说明千里山花岗岩体是由于上地壳发生部分熔融而形成的S型花岗岩     

扬子西南缘拉拉IOCG 矿床Pb 同位素特征及意义

扬子地块西南缘拉拉铁氧化物-铜-金（IOCG）矿床中,已公开报道的岩石及硫化物矿物Pb同位素为放射性成因Pb含量极高的异常Pb,不能用常规的Pb同位素等时线计算法及全球平均Pb同位素增长曲线解释其特征。结合Pb同位素演化基本原理,对矿床中的Pb同位素特征进行再解译。用校正后的岩石Pb同位素组成建立了Pb同位素的黑云母片岩增长曲线和钠长石变粒岩增长曲线,二者可作为扬子地块西南缘元古宙Pb铅同位素演化的参考。硫化物矿物的Pb同位素组成位于2条增长曲线之间,并分为线性的上、下2个群;上群拟合混合等时线年龄为1119Ma,代表变质热液成矿期的年龄;下群拟合混合等时线年龄为1605Ma,代表火山喷发—沉积成矿期年龄。上、下2个群的Pb同位素混合等时线年龄分别与矿床中的辉钼矿Re-Os年龄及火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄基本一致,表明了利用放射性成因Pb进行测年的可行性与可靠性。黑云母片岩和钠长石变粒岩构成了拉拉IOCG矿床的金属成矿物质的端元储库,硫化物矿物中的金属成矿物质具有混合来源的特征。     

长坑-富湾金、银矿床铅同位素组成特征及其意义

测定的金、银矿石矿物铅同位素组成表明，矿石铅同位素组成变化幅度较大，在单阶段增长曲线图上均呈线性分布，金矿石拟合直线与μ=8.64的普通铅单阶段地长曲线相切，说明金矿石铅为普通铅和放射成因铅两阶段混合而成的异常铅；单阶段演化方程计算结果显示，金矿石混合铅的正常端元在1048.1Ma前已从它的放射性母体中（源区）分离出来，铅来源的最大可能是云开地区老于1048.1Ma的中元古代地层；按两阶段异常铅演化方程，给定假设的含异常铅矿物结晶时间的可能范围t2=227-23.3Ma，计算得到对应的t1=1225.9-1357.1Ma，也表明异常铅来源于中元古界，属两阶段演化的产物。银矿石铅同位素组成部分落在金矿石的铅异常直线上，说明银矿石异常铅是富^207Pb的端元铅与金矿石的两阶段异常铅的不同比例混合铅。为三阶段演化的异常铅。负同位素构造模式图反映金矿石铅的壳源性质，而银矿石铅则有壳幔混合源的特点。     

扬子西南缘拉拉IOCG矿床Pb同位素特征及意义

扬子地块西南缘拉拉铁氧化物-铜-金(IOCG)矿床中,已公开报道的岩石及硫化物矿物Pb同位素为放射性成因Pb含量极高的异常Pb,不能用常规的Pb同位素等时线计算法及全球平均Pb同位素增长曲线解释其特征。结合Pb同位素演化基本原理,对矿床中的Pb同位素特征进行再解译。用校正后的岩石Pb同位素组成建立了Pb同位素的黑云母片岩增长曲线和钠长石变粒岩增长曲线,二者可作为扬子地块西南缘元古宙Pb铅同位素演化的参考。硫化物矿物的Pb同位素组成位于2条增长曲线之间,并分为线性的上、下2个群;上群拟合混合等时线年龄为1119Ma,代表变质热液成矿期的年龄;下群拟合混合等时线年龄为1605Ma,代表火山喷发—沉积成矿期年龄。上、下2个群的Pb同位素混合等时线年龄分别与矿床中的辉钼矿ReOs年龄及火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄基本一致,表明了利用放射性成因Pb进行测年的可行性与可靠性。黑云母片岩和钠长石变粒岩构成了拉拉IOCG矿床的金属成矿物质的端元储库,硫化物矿物中的金属成矿物质具有混合来源的特征。     

康滇地轴元古代拉拉IOCG矿床铅同位素地球化学特征

<正>硫化物矿石铅同位素组成是示踪成矿物质来源的直接、有效方法,广泛用于矿床研究中,但铅同位素测年的可靠性及可行性却引起了很多人的质疑。拉拉IOCG矿床岩石、矿物铅同位素是放射性成因铅含量极高的异常铅,在不能用常规铅同位素等时线计算法和全球平均增长曲线来解释其异常特征的情况下,首次采用混合等时线模式研究矿床成矿时限,较为系统地对拉拉IOCG矿床铅同位素地球化学特征进行了研究。     

浙江省诸暨至龙泉一带金矿床的铅同位素地球化学研究

本文研究了浙江省诸暨至龙泉一带金矿床的铅同位素地球化学特征。通过研究铅同位素组成、源区特征值和模式年龄,对该区金矿床得出以下两点认识:1.该区金矿床铅同位素组成在区域上具有一定的变化趋势,并可分为二大类,即正常铅和弱放射性成因异常铅,它们反映了一定的物源特征;2.该区金矿床的区域成矿时代为400—700Ma,结合区域成矿地质特征,可以证明该区金矿床主要为变质热液矿床。     

内蒙古中部层控多金属矿床硫、铅、碳和氧同位素组成及矿床成因

内蒙中部元古界变质岩系中层控多金属矿床稳定同位素组成，硫同位素变化范围大，分散、富含重硫，是细菌还原古海水硫酸盐生成的硫化氢硫；脉状硫化物是层状硫化物活化迁移的产物。含矿碳酸盐岩δ^18O和δ^12C值分布在正常海相范围内，变质作用影响使部分值偏低。矿石铅同位素组成相对稳定，均落在正常铅演化曲线的弦上，属两种正常铅的混合型，测得年龄2350Ma(tg)是基底岩石年龄，即来源物质年龄，780Ma(tg)为矿化年龄。构造铅模式认为可能为下地壳铅或幔源铅。最后指出为海底火山喷气沉积-变质矿床。     

云南主要铅锌矿床的铅同位素特征

研究的云南11个主要铅锌矿床中，永善金沙厂铅锌矿床的铅同位素为典型的“异常到”铅（含放射性成因错很高，206Ph／204Ph=20．48～21．35，207Ph／204Ph=15．42～16．14，208Ph／204Ph=40.03～41.79），其余10个矿床的铅同位素均为“混合型”铅。所获得的错同位素年龄都不能反映成矿或围岩时代。根据铅同位素判断，金沙厂矿床的成矿物质来自上地壳；其金矿床的成矿物质应是多源。     

浙江安吉港口多金属矿床铅物质来源初探——铅同位素证据

位于浙西北安吉港口的铅锌银(钼)多金属矿床,是新近在钦杭成矿带东北缘发现的一个产于大陆环境且具较好前景的矿床.文章通过对矿区坞山关杂岩体三套岩性单元、细粒花岗岩和方铅矿铅同位素的全面对比研究,探讨了矿床的铅物源岩浆岩.矿区中的方铅矿为含较高放射性成因铅的J-型铅,在铅同位素的V1-V2和△γ-Δβ图解中,本次研究的样品分别落入华南和岩浆作用上地壳混合地幔铅范围,显示出方铅矿与华南地球化学省壳幔混合岩浆作用的密切关系.矿区铅锌矿体的方铅矿铅同位素比值显示其具有共同的物质来源,并基本保持了细粒花岗岩206Pb/204Pb值的特征,而207Pb/204Pb值具有坞山关杂岩体和细粒花岗岩混合的特征,208Pb/204Pb和208Pb/206Pb值则仅显示出与细粒花岗岩最相近.方铅矿铅同位素比值特征和比值等值线分布形式显示,铅主要来源于细粒花岗岩,杂岩体对铅成矿贡献了少量的206Pb和207Pb,矿区地层对铅成矿贡献了一定的208Pb.安吉矿区进一步针对铅的找矿工作围绕细粒花岗岩展开,取得成果的可能性更大.     

云南富宁者桑金矿床硫铅同位素地球化学特征与成矿物质来源

者桑金矿床赋存于上二叠统吴家坪组沉积碎屑岩中,矿体受构造破碎带控制,呈似层状、透镜状产出,是滇东南金成矿带上一个典型的卡林型金矿床。硫铅同位素地球化学研究显示,沉积黄铁矿和热液硫化物(黄铁矿和毒砂)的δ34S值均为正值,变化范围较窄(8.4‰～11.3‰),与二叠纪沉积时期海水硫酸盐δ34S值一致,具有地层硫的特征。矿石中的硫主要通过地层中有机质与海水硫酸盐的热还原作用(TSR)提供。铅同位素组成中,206Pb/204Pb变化范围较宽,207Pb/204Pb和208 Pb/204 Pb较为稳定,计算获得的模式年龄变化范围大(-62～389Ma),甚至出现"负年龄",表明除正常铅外,还有较多的放射性成因铅的混入。铅主要来自于上地壳,有少量岩浆物质的混入。矿石与围岩的硫铅同位素具有一定的继承性,成矿物质主要来自地层。     

Lead Isotopic Composition and Lead Source in the Bainiuchang Ag-polymetallic Deposit, Yunnan Province, China

The Bainiuchang deposit in Yunnan Province, China, is located geographically between the Gejiu ore field and the Dulong ore field. In addition to the 〉7000 t Ag reserves, the deposit also boasts of large-scale Pb, Zn and Sn reserves with a lot of dispersed elements （In, Cd, Ge, Ga, etc.）. We have determined systematically the Pb isotope composition of the deposit. The Pb isotope ratios of the ores that are of sea-floor exhalative sedimentary origin in the northwest of the mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 17.758-18.537, 207pb/204pb = 15.175-15.862 and 206pb/204pb = 37.289-39.424, while those of ores that are of magmatic hydrothermal superimposition origin in the southeast of the mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 17.264-18.359, 207pb/204pb = 14.843-15.683 and 208pb/204pb = 36.481-38.838, respectively. In terms of the Pb isotope composition of feldspar in magmatic rocks or magmatic whole- rock samples from the mining district, we have determined the Pb isotope composition and acquired the Pb isotope ratios as： 206pb/204pb -- 18.224-18.700, 207pb/204pb -- 15.595-15.797 and 208pb/204pb -- 38.193-39.608. Then, in the light of the Pb isotope composition of metamorphic rock samples from the Proterozoic basement exposed in the Dulong ore field, we have determined the Pb isotope composition and obtained the isotope ratios as： 206pb/204pb -- 18.434-19.119, 207pb/204pb -- 15.644-15.693, and 208pb/204pb = 38.514-38.832. And the Pb isotope ratios of Cambrian sedimentary rocks, which are exposed in the Bainiuchang mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 18.307-19.206, 207pb/204pb = 15.622-15.809, and 208pb/204pb = 38.436-39.932. By comparing the two types of ores with respect to their Pb isotope compositions, it is indicated that lead in the Bainiuchang deposit was derived largely from the lower-crust granulite which is earlier than Neoproterozoic in age, but the Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal fluids probably provided a part of ore-forming elements such as Sn for the ore blocks in the south of the mining district.     

西秦岭降扎地区金、铀矿床年代学对比研究

西秦岭降扎地区寒武、志留系中的金、铀矿床,是我国相当重要的碳硅泥岩型矿床。根据金矿床中岩石和矿石异常铅模式年龄、氩-氩同位素年龄和钾-氩同位素年龄等,获得了一批有益的年代学信息。金矿床的各种同位素年龄数据主要有2组:(1)242-186Ma;(2)137-47Ma.结合区域地质发展史、成矿热液脉与岩脉的穿切关系以及矿床产出的其它宏观特征等,确定金矿床的成矿时代为137-47Ma,与区域铀矿床形成的主要时代(117-55Ma)相比,二者成矿时间大体相同。     

黔西北福来厂铅锌矿床Pb同位素研究及地质意义

单阶段演化正常铅用H-H法可获得高准确性的模式年龄,在黔西北福来厂铅锌矿床中采集16件矿脉和围岩样品,测定它们的Pb同位素组成,206 pb/204 Pb为18.5346 ～ 18.7294(均值18.5935),207pb/204 Pb为15.7408～15.7603(均值15.7519),208 pb/204 Pb...     

Lead isotope geochemical characteristics of Pb-Zn-Cu deposits on the southwestern margin of Tarim, and their significance

The polymetallic(Pb,Zn,Cu,etc) ore belt on the southwestern margin of Tarim is one of the major regions with the greatest prospecting potential in Xinjiang.Reported in this paper are the lead isotope data for 66 sulfide samples(including 50 galena samples,15 chalcopyrite samples and 1 pyrite sample) collected from such representative deposits as Tamu,Tiekelike,Kalangu,Abalieke,etc.in this ore belt.The Pb isotopic ratios of 206 Pb/204 Pb,207 Pb/204 Pb and 208 Pb/204 Pb in the galena samples range from 17.931 to 18.176,15.609 to 15.818 and 38.197 to 38.944,with the average values of 18.017,15.684 and 38.462,respectively.Those in the chalcopyrite samples range from 17.926 to 18.144,15.598 to 15.628 and 38.171 to 38.583,with the average values of 18.020,15.606 and 38.262,respectively.The pyrite sample has the Pb isotopic ratios of 206 Pb/204 Pb,207 Pb/204 Pb and 208 Pb/204 Pb to be 17.980,15.604 and 38.145,respectively.In combination with the previous Pb isotope data for sulfides,it is found that there is only a slight variation in the Pb isotopic composition of galena,chalcopyrite,sphalerite and pyrite in the ore belt.However,there is some difference in Pb isotopic characteristics between galena and chalcopyrite,especially the Pb isotopic composition of galena shows an obvious linear correlation with some other relevant parameters(e.g.β and γ).The comprehensive analysis suggested that lead in galena(maybe including sphalerite and pyrite) was derived principally from wall rocks and underlying basement,and that in chalcopyrite only originated from the basement.The single-stage model ages of these sulfides couldn’t indicate the time limit of metallogenesis(Pb,Zn,Cu,etc.),and the positive linear correlations for the Pb isotopic composition of galena are of no single-stage and two-stage Pb-Pb isochron significance.Furthermore,there are significant differences in Pb isotopic composition characteristics between the genetic type of deposits in this polymetallic ore belt and the Mississippi Valley type(MVT).In addition,the authors also pointed out that there is a phenomenon of differentiation(not paragenesis) for lead and copper elements during the process of metallogenesis in this ore belt.     

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床S、Pb、H、O同位素特征及其指示意义

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床是中国近年来发现的特大型铜铅锌多金属矿床之一,其产出的环境和形成机理为国内外矿床学家所关注。对甲玛铜多金属矿床中代表性岩（矿）石样品进行了S、Pb、H和O同位素分析,并从成矿系统中“源”的角度对其变化规律和成因意义进行了探讨。研究结果表明,甲玛铜多金属矿床的围岩和矿石中δ34S值变化于-4.9‰～0.5‰,在硫同位素直方图上呈塔式分布,成矿热液δ34SΣS在0值附近,与矿区内斑岩体的δ34S组成（-0.2‰～-0.7‰）十分接近。表明了矿石中硫的来源单一,主要来源于岩浆。矿石铅同位素变化范围较大,明显分为两组：第一组样品富放射性成因铅,其206Pb/204Pb变化范围为18.603～18.752,207Pb/204Pb变化范围为15.610～15.686,208Pb/204Pb变化范围为38.910～39.135;第二组样品具有低放射性成因铅特征,其206Pb/204Pb变化范围为18.130～18.270,207Pb/204Pb变化范围为15.470～15.480,208Pb/204Pb变化范围为38.140～38.850。各同位素比值相对稳定,变化范围较小。将含矿斑岩的岩石铅与矿石铅进行综合投图,两种类型的铅并非单阶段正常铅,而是混合铅,有放射性成因铅的加入。可能存在不同的源区或在演化过程中有不同源区物质的混入。氢氧同位素研究结果显示,氢同位素的来源主要为深部的花岗岩体,而氧同位素由于后期大气降水增多、水/岩比值升高,导致含矿石英脉中δ18OH2O降低。因此推断甲玛铜多金属矿床成矿流体早期以深源流体为主,随着成矿过程的演化,大气降水所占的比例也越来越大。     

金顶超大型铅锌矿床的成矿金属来源——来自铅同位素组成的制约

金顶矿床是世界著名的超大型铅锌矿床,其巨量的金属堆积引起许多学者对成矿金属来源的关注。前人通过铅同位素示踪研究,提出了成矿金属来自地幔、上地壳、下地壳及不同端员混合等不同认识。理论分析表明,这些观点认识的差异可能源于不同作者分析铅同位素数据存在测试误差。基于此,笔者在金顶矿床选择了7个代表性硫化物样品,再次进行了铅同位素分析。结果显示,矿床铅同位素组成为~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.3945~18.4429、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.6412~15.6583、~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=38.6266~38.6772,在铅同位素演化模式图解(Zartman et al.,1979)中数据点分布集中,处于"造山带"和"上地壳"演化曲线之间,未显示出明显的线性分布特点,表明金顶矿床成矿金属来源主要为壳源;区域对比表明,金顶矿床明显比白秧坪矿带铅锌矿床贫放射性成因铅,而与区域VMS型矿床铅同位素组成更为接近,这表明金顶矿床与白秧坪矿带矿床有着不同的金属物源区,其金属可能来自盆地底部晚三叠世火山岩或其内早期的VMS矿化。     

Lead Isotopic Composition and Lead Source in the Bainiuchang Ag-polymetailic Deposit,Yunnan Province,China

The Bainiuchang deposit in Yunnan Province,China,is located geographically between the Gejiu ore field and the Dulong ore field.In addition to the>7000 t Ag reserves,the deposit also boasts of large-scale Pb,Zn and Sn reserves with a lot of dispersed elements(In,Cd,Ge,Ga,etc.).We have determined systematically the Pb isotope composition of the deposit.The Pb isotope ratios of the ores that are of sea-floor exhalative sedimentary origin in the northwest of the mining district,are ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.758-18.537,~(207)pb/~(204)pb=15.175-15.862 and ~(208)pb/~(204)pb=37.289-39.424,while those of ores that are of magmatic hydrothermal superimposition origin in the southeast of the mining district, are ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.264-18.359,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=14.843-15.683 and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=36.481-38.838, respectively.In terms of the Pb isotope composition of feldspar in magmatic rocks or magmatic whole- rock samples from the mining district,we have determined the Pb isotope composition and acquired the Pb isotope ratios as:~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.224-18.700,~(207)Tpb/~(204)Pb=15.595-15.797 and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb= 38.193-39.608.Then,in the light of the Pb isotope composition of metamorphic rock samples from the Proterozoic basement exposed in the Dulong ore field,we have determined the Pb isotope composition and obtained the isotope ratios as:~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.434-19.119,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.644-15.693,and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=38.514-38.832.And the Pb isotope ratios of Cambrian sedimentary rocks,which are exposed in the Bainiuchang mining district,are ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.307-19.206,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb= 15.622-15.809,and ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=38.436-39.932.By comparing the two types of ores with respect to their Pb isotope compositions,it is indicated that lead in the Bainiuchang deposit was derived largely from the lower-crust granulite which is earlier than Neoproterozoic in age,but the Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal fluids probably provided a part of ore-forming elements such as Sn for the ore blocks in the south of the mining district.     

河南内乡县板厂铜多金属矿辉钼矿Re-Os年代学及硫、铅同位素地球化学特征

板厂铜多金属矿床是东秦岭造山带近年来找矿取得重大突破的一处以铜为主的多金属矿床,其上部发育脉状铜铅锌银矿化,下部发育铜钼矿化.通过对矿石中辉钼矿开展Re-Os同位素定年、对花岗岩进行锆石U-Pb定年,结合硫化物的硫、铅同位素特征,讨论了矿床的成矿时代、矿床成因及成矿动力学背景.6件辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄为149.8±2.4 Ma~151.5±2.3 Ma,加权平均年龄为150.7±1.9 Ma,等时线年龄为151.0±4.6 Ma,显示成矿作用发生于晚侏罗世.矿区南部纸坊沟花岗斑岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄为148±1 Ma,说明区域上存在成矿期的花岗岩浆活动.11件硫化物硫同位素δ34S_V-CDT值介于-1.2‰~1.2‰,显示深源岩浆硫的特征,206Pb/204Pb值为17.178~17.709,207Pb/204Pb值为15.430~15.528,208Pb/204Pb值为37.476~37.847,与北秦岭燕山期花岗岩和南秦岭地壳基底具一致的铅同位素组成,明显不同于北秦岭地层的铅同位素,成矿物质来源于燕山期岩浆岩.结合矿床地质特征,研究表明板厂铜多金属矿床为与燕山期岩浆有关的类矽卡岩型-热液脉型铜多金属矿床,属岩浆热液成矿系统,形成于岩石圈减薄的构造背景.