斑岩铜矿-浅成低温热液银铅锌一远接触带热液金矿矿床模型：一个新的矿床模型——以德兴地区为例

在前人研究的基础上,通过系统的野外考察,论证了位于赣东北德兴地区德乐中生代火山盆地中的德兴铜矿、银山银铜铅锌矿和金山金矿及蛤蟆石金矿属于同一成矿系统。德兴铜矿是典型的斑岩铜矿,成矿流体和金属元素主要来自岩浆;银山银铜铅锌矿是一个下部为斑岩铜矿、上部为浅成低温热液型银铅锌矿,成矿流体早期以岩浆为主,晚期有较多的大气降水参与,成矿物质主要来自岩浆;金山和蛤蟆石金矿是远接触带热液矿床,成矿流体为岩浆热液与大气降水的混合产物,金主要来自围岩——双桥山群浅变质岩。这3套矿床以中酸性花岗斑岩或石英斑岩（高钾钙碱质花岗岩）为核心具有明显的分带性,自中心向外或深部向浅部为：斑岩铜金钼矿、浅成低温热液型银铅锌矿和远接触带热液型金矿。这种矿床组合关系不同于已知的经典斑岩铜矿模型和斑岩铜矿一浅成低温热液金银矿床模型,因而,有必要提出一个新的模型：斑岩铜矿一浅成低温热液银铅锌矿一远接触带热液金矿模型。这套矿『末形成于中侏罗世,抑或是古太平洋俯冲板片局部重熔或撕裂重熔的产物,抑或是在活动大陆边缘岩浆弧后伸展带由地幔底侵的结果。     

论新疆伊犁浅成低温热液型金矿与斑岩型铜（钼金）矿的相随相伴规律

中亚成矿域中的斑岩型铜（钼金）矿,有别于滨太平洋区的斑岩铜矿,它们大部分是形成于大洋消亡之后,与A型俯冲或后碰撞阶段的构造岩浆作用有关,并非都形成于岛弧发展阶段,且常与浅成低温热液型金矿（产于陆相-亚陆相火山岩内）时间相随、空间相伴,两者属于一个统一的岩浆系统;浅部是浅成低温热液型金矿,深部是高温斑岩型铜（钼金）矿,其成矿特点表现出两者元素组合连续、过渡与转化,两者类型相随相伴。     

桂西巴马料屯金矿床成矿年代上限的确定——对滇黔桂“金三角”卡林型金矿年代学研究的启示

广西巴马料屯金矿床是较为典型的卡林型金矿床,金矿体与燕山晚期石英斑岩脉空间上相关。矿床勘查成果和野外露头观察均表明石英斑岩脉切割金矿体,说明岩浆岩形成于矿体之后。成矿元素地球化学测量结果表明,Au、As元素沿石英斑岩脉走向出现明显的分异,表现为在导矿和容矿断层区段Au、As质量分数高,局部形成矿（化）体;远离矿体的砂泥岩和灰岩围岩地段,则逐渐降低至正常背景值,说明石英斑岩侵位过程中切割早期的矿体或含矿断层,萃取了矿（化）体中成矿元素Au、As,从而在这些断层之间形成一定宽度的高值带。成矿元素地球化学测量支持岩浆岩形成于矿体之后的结论。石英斑岩脉白云母斑晶的⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar坪年龄为（95.5±0.7） Ma,代表了岩浆侵位年龄,由于岩脉形成于矿体之后,此年龄可以作为成矿年代的上限年龄。本矿床及滇黔桂"金三角"其他卡林型金矿的确切成矿年代,尚需更多高精度直接成矿年龄数据的约束。     

Porphyry Cu–Au–Mo–epithermal Ag–Pb–Zn–distal hydrothermal Au deposits in the Dexing area, Jiangxi province, East China—A linked ore system

Based on previous studies and detailed field investigations of the Dexing porphyry copper deposit, the Yinshan Ag-Pb-Zn deposit and the Jinshan shear zone – hosted gold deposit in the Dele Jurassic volcanic basin, in the northeastern Jiangxi province, East China, we propose that the three deposits share spatial, temporal and genetic relationships and belong to the same metallogenic system. Dexing is a typical porphyry Cu–Au–Mo deposit in which both ore-forming fluid and metals are derived from the granite porphyry. The Yinshan deposit consists of a porphyry copper ore located in the cupola of a quartz porphyry stock, in the lower part, and Ag–Pb–Zn ore veins in the upper part. The hydrothermal fluids were mainly derived from the magma in the early stages of the mineralizing event and became mixed with meteoric waters in the late stages. Its ore metals are magma-derived. Both the Jinshan base metal veins and the Hamashi, Dongjie and Naikeng quartz vein-type gold deposit are hosted by brittle–ductile structures, which are distal in relation to the porphyry intrusions and were formed by mixed magmatic fluids and meteoric water, whereas the gold was mainly leached from the country rocks (Mesoproterozoic Shuangqiaoshan Group phyllite and schist). The deposits show a distinct spatial arrangement from porphyry Cu, to epithermal Ag–Pb–Zn and distal Au. We suggest a porphyry–epithermal–distal vein ore system model for this group of genetically related mineral deposits. They were formed in a back-arc setting in a Middle Jurassic active continental margin, with magmas derived from the subducted slab.     

西天山金、铜矿地质特征简述

西天山是我国古生代造山带重要的金、铜矿成矿单元之一,具有Au、Cu地球化学场.各种地球物理场也显示具有良好的金、铜矿成矿地质背景.金、铜矿主要生成于海西期的构造岩浆地质热事件中,形成了浅成低温热液型和韧性剪切带型金矿以及海底火山喷气热水沉积型、矽卡岩型、斑岩型、陆相火山热液充填型铜矿.可划分出赛里木铜金成矿带、吐拉苏也里莫墩金成矿带、察布查尔铜成矿带及胜利达坂金成矿带.主要矿床有阿希金矿、望峰金矿、喇嘛苏铜矿和预须开普台铜矿.     

介绍大型矿集区的一种富集模式:多重圈闭等温场模式——以铜陵狮子山矿田为例

狮子山矿田是安徽铜陵地区乃至长江中下游地区重要的矿田之一。该矿田目前已探明铜、金等大中小型矿床十多处,按赋存标高自下而上依次为:冬瓜山深部斑岩Cu、冬瓜山Cu、胡村Cu、花树坡Cu、大团山Cu(Au)、老鸦岭Cu、东、西狮子Cu(Au)、鸡冠石Ag、Au、Cu、Pb、Zn,包村Au(Cu)、白芒山Au等矿床,达到大型-超大型规模,引起了国内外矿床地质学家的广泛关注。近年来又发现并勘查出几个独立岩金矿床,且在矿田深部1000多米处又发现了新的矿体,标志着该区找矿工作进入了一个新的阶段。多种矿床类型共存,铜矿与金矿配对,矿床(体)呈多层产出,是矿田的显著特色。矿田内业已发现矽卡岩型、层控矽卡岩型、斑岩型、中低温热液型和风化—淋滤型等矿床;既有以内生作用为主,又有以沉积作用为主的矿床,及二者的复合类型;铜、金可共生、伴生,也可形成各自独立的矿床;自深部斑岩铜矿至C2+3—T2中层状、脉状矿床,成矿垂深大。它们虽产于不同层位的地层中,主要表现为多层楼成矿特点,但其产出受统一构造、岩浆岩等多重圈闭因素制约而构成的统一的等温的岩浆-流体-成矿系统之中。在某种意义上说,狮子山矿田是铜陵地区乃至整个长江中下游成矿带的缩影和典...     

秦祁昆结合部瓦勒根金矿床含矿斑岩体岩石学和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄

秦祁昆结合部广泛发育中三叠世岛弧钙碱性岩浆作用,已发现大量与其相关的斑岩型—夕卡岩型铜金、铜钼和银铅锌多金属矿床。瓦勒根金矿床是近年来在该区新发现的一个斑岩型金矿床,矿区内出露有众多的石英斑岩和花岗斑岩,且均发育有金矿化,其中石英斑岩与金矿化关系更为密切。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄表明,花岗斑岩形成于中三叠世(237Ma),其中包含有丰富的晚古生代及元古宙继承性锆石。这一特征与区域上的斑岩型铜金矿床含矿岩体具有相似性。进一步说明,古特提斯洋在秦祁昆结合部发生向北消减所形成的岩浆捕获了早于三叠纪的壳源和幔源物质,从而形成了岛弧钙碱性岩浆及相关的斑岩型—夕卡岩型矿床组合。     

黑龙江二十一站-宝兴沟( 铜) 金矿床特征及其热液成矿系统

二十一站-宝兴沟( 铜) 金矿床( 点) 位于上黑龙江断陷盆地的东南部。区域地质背景及典型矿床研究表明,矿床不仅受NE 向断裂构造控制,还受其同期的岩浆岩控制。对宝兴沟金矿床的流体包裹体测试结果、矿床围岩蚀变和与火山穹窿构造间的关系等研究,表明宝兴沟金矿可能是中硫型浅成低温热液型矿床,二十一站和十五里桥( 铜) 金矿床可能是高硫型浅成低温热液型矿床( 点) 。区域地质特征、遥感解译、航磁异常及Au、Ag、Cu 化探异常分布特征显示了本区可能存在两种环境的斑岩型--浅成低温热液型成矿热液系统。在此基础上,结合铜元素化探异常和火山穹窿等特征,提出了在十五桥金矿床、二十一站铜金矿一带寻找斑岩型铜钼矿化类型,在NW、NNE 向构造带内找寻与浅成低温热液系统有关的矿床。     

珲春-汪清地区成矿地质条件及找矿方向

吉林珲春-汪清地区已发现的有色金属、贵金属、稀有金属、放射性金属和黑色金属矿产计11种.这些矿产与下古生界五道沟群地层,中生代火山岩系,华力西-燕山期中酸性侵入岩、次火山岩,东西向、南北向构造及火山构造密切相关     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987114000711

The West Junggar region,located in the loci of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt,is a highly endowed metallogenic province with >100 tonnes Au,>0.7 Mt Cu,>0.3 Mt Mo,and >2.3 Mt chromite as well as significant amounts of Be and U.The West Junggar region has three metallogenic belts distributed systematically from north to south:(1) late Paleozoic Saur Au-Cu belt;(2) early Paleozoic XiemisitaiSharburt Be-U-Cu-Zn belt;(3) late Paleozoic Barluk-Kelamay Au-Cu-Mo-Cr belt.These belts host a number of deposits belonging to at least eight economically important styles,including epithermal Au,granite-related Be-U,volcanogenic massive sulfide(VMS) Cu-Zn,podiform chromite,porphyry Cu,hydrothermal quartz vein Au,porphyry-greisen Mo(-W),and orogenic Au.These deposit styles are associated with the tectonics prevalent during their formation.Five tectonic-mineralized epochs can be recognized:(1) Ordovician subduction-related VMS Cu-Zn deposit;(2) Devonian ophiolite-related podiform chromite deposit;(3) early Carboniferous subduction-related epithermal Au and porphyry Cu deposits;(4) late Carboniferous subduction-related granite-related Be-U,porphyry Cu,and hydrothermal quartz vein Au deposits;and(5) late Carboniferous to early Permian subduction-related porphyry-greisen Mo(-W) and orogenic Au deposits.     

河北怀来颜家沟金矿地质特征及成因探讨

颜家沟金矿矿体产于石英二长斑岩体内部及其与白云岩接触部位的构造蚀变带内.在岩体内部为石英脉型Au、Cu矿化,岩体内接触带则为网脉状蚀变岩型Au、Pb、Zn矿化,岩体外接触带是构造蚀变岩型Ag矿化.主矿化体受石英二长斑岩体及次一级构造和裂隙控制.经过岩桨期后气成热液叠加改造,构成了复杂的成矿过程,初步认为该矿床属岩浆期后多次气热叠加型金多金属矿.     

吉林东部地区与火山岩-斑岩有关的金(铜银)矿成矿地质特征及其成矿模式

吉林东部地区与火山岩-斑岩有关的金(铜银)矿床可分为浅成低温热液型金(银)矿和浅成中温斑岩。热液型金(铜)矿两个亚类。浅成低温热液型矿床的特征矿物组合为黄铁矿、石英、方解石、冰长石和重晶石,成因上与高钾的钙碱性火山岩。斑岩(137～177Ma)有关,成矿流体属浅成低温氧化流体,在成矿过程中大气降水混入的程度大。浅成中温斑岩,热液型矿床的特征矿物组合为黄铁矿、黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿和石英,成因上与钙碱性火山岩。斑岩(130～140Ma)有关,成矿流体属浅成中温还原流体,在成矿过程中大气降水混入的程度相对较小。由于火山岩,斑岩的来源深度不同,斑岩体在矿床的形成中所起的作用不同,成矿流体的性质不同,造成金矿床的类型不尽相同。     

西藏谢通门县雄村铜金矿区及其外围的找矿前景地球化学评价

雄村铜金矿床的发现是近年来西藏冈底斯成矿带找矿的重大突破之一。在评价找矿前景、圈定成矿有利地段和钻探工程部署的过程中,勘查地球化学起了重要的作用。通过对雄村铜金矿区及其外围的地球化学测量结果的研究,综合实际地质情况,我们得出以下两点认识：（1）雄村矿区及其外围是一个具有以斑岩型铜金矿化为主、兼有热液型金（或铜）矿化和矽...     

U–Pb and Re–Os Geochronology of the Hucunnan Copper–Molybdenum Deposit in Anhui Province,Southeast China,and its Geological Implications

The Middle–Lower Yangtze Region (MLYR) is one of the most important metallogenic belts in China that hosts numerous Cu–Fe–Au–S deposits. The Hucunnan deposit in the central part of MLYR is a newly discovered porphyry–skarn‐type copper–molybdenum deposit during recent drilling exploration. Laser ablation ICP–MS analysis carried out in this study yields U–Pb isotopic ages of 137.5 ± 1.2 Ma for the Cu–Mo bearing granodiorite rock and 125.0 ± 1.5 Ma for the Cu‐bearing quartz diorites. The Re–Os isotopic dating of seven molybdenite samples gave an isochron age of 139.5 ± 1.1 Ma, suggesting a syn‐magma mineralization of molybdenite in the Hucunnan deposit. Since porphyry‐type molybdenum deposits are rare in central MLYR, the discovery of the Hucunnan deposit suggests possible molybdenite mineralizations in the deep places of the Cu–Mo bearing granitoids. In addition, the U–Pb isotopic age of 125 Ma for the Cu‐bearing quartz diorites implies a new Cu mineralization period for the MLYR that was rarely reported by previous studies.     

西藏冈底斯成矿带浅成低温热液型金锑矿床的发现及其意义--以西藏弄如日金锑矿床为例

通过化探、槽探和平硐等手段,对位于冈底斯成矿带东段的弄如日金矿床进行了评价和研究,在矿区发现金矿化带4条,圈出金矿体5个,控制2．3g／t品位以上的金资源量（333＋3341）为2．97t,确定该矿床属典型的浅成中低温热液型金矿床。矿区的金矿体赋存于破碎蚀变角岩和蚀变二长花岗斑岩中,受南北向正断裂系统的控制,矿化以金为主,伴有辉锑矿、雄黄、黄铁矿等矿物,可分为浅成低温热液和表生氧化2个成矿期,金可能以独立的自然金状态存在于脉石矿物的粒问或裂隙中。弄如日金矿床形成于伸展构造背景,在空间上居斑岩铜矿床外围,成矿时代为中新世一上新世,与冈底斯斑岩型铜钼矿床及其外围的矽卡岩型铅锌矿床的成矿时代基本一致,说明三者受统一的成矿作用制约,属斑岩岩浆一热液成矿系统中的浅成低温热液型金锑矿床。     

滇西普朗铜金矿成矿地质条件及找矿潜力初探

普朗铜矿床是格咱岛弧多金属成矿带的印支期代表产物，属产于石英二长斑岩、石英闪长玢岩内接触带的超大型斑岩型铜（金）矿床，受复式斑岩体控制作用显著；但矿区东部大脉状铜矿体、南部金矿（化）体则严格受控于断裂构造，明显具后期成矿作用的叠加。笔者通过对矿区外围北矿段、东矿段和南矿段矿床地质特征、矿体特征、矿石组构特征的深入研究，结合区域成矿地质背景，认为普朗铜（金）矿床是由多期次、多成因、多成矿阶段叠加而成的次火山-热液矿床，与印支期复式斑岩体与断裂构造、节理裂隙与矿床的形成关系密切；北部外围深部具有斑岩型铜矿的良好潜力，而东矿段深部、南矿段深部则分别是寻找大脉状铜矿、金矿的有利找矿靶区。     

Zircon U–Pb,Molybdenite Re–Os and K‐feldspar 40Ar/39Ar Dating of the Bolong Porphyry Cu–Au Deposit,Tibet, China

The Bolong porphyry Cu–Au deposit is a newly discovered deposit in the central Tibetan Plateau, and is ranked as the second largest copper deposit discovered to date in the Bangong‐Nujiang metallogenic belt in China. Three granodiorite porphyry phases occur within the Bolong porphyry Cu–Au deposit. Phyllic alteration is widespread on the surface of the deposit, and potassic alteration occurs at depth, associated with granodiorite porphyries. The copper and gold mineralization is clearly related to the potassic and phyllic alteration. Multiple chronometers were applied to constrain the timing of magmatic–hydrothermal activity at the Bolong deposit. Zircon U–Pb geochronology reveals that the granodiorite porphyry phases were emplaced at ca. 120 Ma. Re–Os data of four molybdenite samples from quartz–molybednite veinlets yielded an isochron age of 119.4 ± 1.3 Ma. The plateau age of hydrothermal K‐feldspar from the potassic alteration zone, analyzed by ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating, is 118.3 ± 0.6 Ma, with a similar reverse isochron age of 118.5 ± 0.7 Ma. Therefore, the magmatic–hydrothermal activity occurred at ca. 120–118 Ma, which is similar in age to the neighboring Duobuza porphyry copper deposit. The period of 120–118 Ma is therefore important for the development of porphyry Cu–Au mineralization in the central Tibetan Plateau, and these porphyry deposits were formed during the final stages of the northward subduction of the Neo‐Tethys Ocean.     

Characteristics of Porphyry Cu Mineralization at Waisoi (Namosi District), Viti Levu, Fiji

The porphyry Cu deposits at Waisoi in Namosi district, Viti Levu are separated into two deposits: the Waisoi East deposit and the Waisoi West deposit. In the Waisoi East deposit, quartz porphyry is exposed and in the Waisoi West deposit, diorite porphyry is sporadically exposed in addition to a small body of quartz porphyry. The mineralization in the Waisoi East deposit is characterized by the bornite–chalcopyrite–pyrite assemblage associated with traces of molybdenite and native gold. Polyphase fluid inclusions in stockwork quartz veinlets show homogenization temperatures ranging from 210 to >500°C. The high‐grade Cu mineralization in the Waisoi West deposit is characterized by the bornite–chalcopyrite–pyrite assemblage accompanied with sheeted and stockwork quartz veinlets. Polyphase fluid inclusions occasionally containing hematite flakes in quartz veinlets in the center of the Waisoi West deposit homogenize at temperatures ranging from 450°C to >500°C. However, fluid inclusions in stockwork quartz veinlets in the periphery, homogenize at lower temperatures around 210°C. Both in the Waisoi East and Waisoi West deposits, primary bornite–chalcopyrite–pyrite assemblage in the high Cu‐grade zone was deposited at the upper stability limit of chalcopyrite with respect to sulfur fugacity. Thus, the principal Cu mineralization at the Waisoi deposits occurred at a relatively high sulfur fugacity, that is, in a high‐sulfidation environment.     

安徽沙溪斑岩型铜金矿床成岩序列及成岩成矿年代学研究

沙溪矿床是长江中下游成矿带中典型的斑岩型铜金矿床,位于庐枞盆地北外缘、郯庐断裂内,矿床成岩成矿时代确定对该矿床成因研究及区域成矿规律的认识具有重要意义。在详细野外地质工作的基础上,采集沙溪矿床与成矿有关的主要岩浆岩样品(粗斑闪长玢岩、黑云母石英闪长玢岩、中斑石英闪长玢岩、细斑石英闪长玢岩和闪长玢岩)和与黄铜矿密切共生的辉钼矿,分别利用Cameca、LA-ICP-MS U-Pb和Re-Os同位素定年方法,获得矿床内主要岩浆岩的成岩年龄(130.60±0.97Ma、129.30±1.00Ma、127.10±1.50Ma、129.46±0.97Ma和126.7±2.1Ma)以及成矿年龄(130.0±1.0Ma),并重新厘定了沙溪岩体从早到晚岩浆的侵位序列。通过区域对比,提出长江中下游存在两阶段斑岩型铜金矿化,沙溪矿床为长江中下游成矿带第二阶段形成的斑岩型矿床,沙溪矿床的成岩成矿作用既不同于庐枞盆地,也不同于断隆区第一阶段的斑岩矿床,而是受郯庐断裂和长江断裂动力学演化联合作用的产物。