斑岩铜矿-浅成低温热液银铅锌一远接触带热液金矿矿床模型：一个新的矿床模型——以德兴地区为例

在前人研究的基础上,通过系统的野外考察,论证了位于赣东北德兴地区德乐中生代火山盆地中的德兴铜矿、银山银铜铅锌矿和金山金矿及蛤蟆石金矿属于同一成矿系统。德兴铜矿是典型的斑岩铜矿,成矿流体和金属元素主要来自岩浆;银山银铜铅锌矿是一个下部为斑岩铜矿、上部为浅成低温热液型银铅锌矿,成矿流体早期以岩浆为主,晚期有较多的大气降水参与,成矿物质主要来自岩浆;金山和蛤蟆石金矿是远接触带热液矿床,成矿流体为岩浆热液与大气降水的混合产物,金主要来自围岩——双桥山群浅变质岩。这3套矿床以中酸性花岗斑岩或石英斑岩（高钾钙碱质花岗岩）为核心具有明显的分带性,自中心向外或深部向浅部为：斑岩铜金钼矿、浅成低温热液型银铅锌矿和远接触带热液型金矿。这种矿床组合关系不同于已知的经典斑岩铜矿模型和斑岩铜矿一浅成低温热液金银矿床模型,因而,有必要提出一个新的模型：斑岩铜矿一浅成低温热液银铅锌矿一远接触带热液金矿模型。这套矿『末形成于中侏罗世,抑或是古太平洋俯冲板片局部重熔或撕裂重熔的产物,抑或是在活动大陆边缘岩浆弧后伸展带由地幔底侵的结果。     

德兴大型铜金矿集区构造环境和成矿流体研究进展

江西德兴地区是我国东部成矿带中的大型矿集区之一,集中了铜厂斑岩铜矿、银山多金属矿和金山金矿等大型、超大型矿床。它又处在中国东南部大地构造的关键部位,因此,对德兴大型铜金矿集区的研究始终与该地区的构造背景及演化相伴随。目前对该地区构造格局的认识以NW侧的九岭地体与SE侧的怀玉地体沿赣东北深大断裂带的碰撞拼贴为主流;在这两个地体于晚元古代碰撞拼贴之后,该地区所经历的主要是板内(陆内)的构造活动。德兴大型铜金矿集区的成矿作用与燕山期构造—岩浆活动有着成因上的密切联系,而德兴地区的中元古界地层成矿元素含量较高,不同程度地为本区铜厂、金山、银山等矿床提供了成矿物质。成矿流体的研究成果已表明不同的矿床有不同的流体过程:铜厂斑岩铜矿成矿早阶段以岩浆派生流体为主、而晚阶段(主要成矿阶段)有大气降水的大量参与;银山多金属矿成矿流体主要为大气降水来源;金山金矿的成矿流体则以变质水为重要来源。     

江西德兴地区主要矿床类型、成矿地质征及其因关系

江西德兴地区是中国重要的金属矿产资源聚集地,主要矿床有德兴斑岩铜矿(包括朱砂红、铜厂和富家坞)、金山金矿、银山Pb-Zn-Ag多金属矿和蛤蟆金矿等.这些矿床可以划分为与剪切带有关的金矿和与岩浆热液成矿作用有关的铜金钼铅锌银矿床(如德兴斑岩Cu-Mo-Au矿床和银山Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu-Au矿床).在控矿构造、成矿元素...     

Geochronology and tectonic setting of Pb–Zn–Mo deposits and related igneous rocks in the Yinshan region, Jinzhai, Anhui province, China

The Gaijing Pb–Zn–Mo deposit and Shapinggou Mo deposit in the Yinshan region, Jinzhai, Anhui province, China, are hosted in various granitic intrusions with ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages obtained for biotite and hornblende of 136.8 ± 1.6 Ma (medium-grained monzogranite), 130.4 ± 1.2 Ma (fine-grained granite), and 125.4 ± 1.0 Ma (fine-grained diorite). The modes of occurrence and cross-cutting relationships among the igneous intrusions indicate that alkali quartz-syenite and quartz-syenite porphyry (cryptoexplosive breccia) formed later than the calc-alkali monzogranite, granite, and diorite. Molybdenum mineralization occurs in pipe-like bodies hosted in cryptoexplosive breccia (pipe), quartz-syenite (porphyry), monzogranite, and granite, whereas Pb–Zn mineralization occurs in veins distally from the Mo mineralization. The Re–Os isotopic model ages of molybdenite from the Gaijing Pb–Zn–Mo deposit are 112.6 ± 1.3 and 113.5 ± 1.3 Ma, consistent with the ages of other molybdenum deposits throughout the East Qinling–Dabie metallogenic belt. The geological characteristics and isotopic ages of the Gaijing Pb–Zn–Mo and Shapinggou Mo deposits indicate a genetic relationship to the emplacement of the quartz-syenite (porphyry) and to shallow-seated porphyry–cryptoexplosive breccia intrusions. The present results, combined with existing data, suggest that the Pb–Zn–Mo deposits and related igneous rocks were formed in a geodynamic setting of regional lithospheric thinning, delamination, and thermal erosion in East China. The deposits are part of the East Qinling–Dabie molybdenum belt, which in turn is part of a large-scale E–W-trending metallogenic belt in East China.     

Mesozoic molybdenum deposits in the east Qinling–Dabie orogenic belt: Characteristics and tectonic settings

The East Qinling–Dabie orogenic belt accommodates the largest Mo ore district in the world. It contains 8.43 Mt of proven Mo metal reserves which accounts for 66% of the total proven Chinese Mo reserves. The Mo ore district includes 24 deposits and 12 occurrences, with four major types of Mo mineral systems, i.e., porphyry, porphyry-skarn, skarn and hydrothermal veins. The latter can be further subdivided into quartz vein and carbonatite vein types. Although Mo mineralization in the belt began in the Paleoproterozoic (1680 ± 24 to 2044 ± 14 Ma), all economically significant deposits were formed during the Mesozoic. Re/Os dating of molybdenite has shown that there are three episodes of Mo mineralization, i.e., Late Triassic (233–221 Ma), Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (148–138 Ma) and Early to middle Cretaceous (131–112 Ma).Late Triassic Mo deposits developed as molybdenite–quartz veins and carbonatite vein types. Stable isotope systematics (C, O, S) and high contents of Re and Sr indicate that the carbonatite Mo veins are mantle-derived. Porphyry and porphyry–skarn Mo mineral deposits were formed in the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous and Early to middle Cretaceous. The Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous granite porphyries that are associated with the Mo deposits usually occupy less than 1.5 km² at the surface and are situated in the East Qinling area, far west of China's continental margin. On the other hand, the Early to middle Cretaceous batholiths and granite porphyries, , with associated Mo deposits are located in the Dabieshan area and eastern part of the East Qinling area. The Late Jurassic to Early Creataceous granitoids and related Mo deposits possibly formed in a back-arc extensional setting of the Eurasian continental margin, which was probably triggered by the oblique subduction of the Izanagi plate. The Early to middle Cretaceous batholiths and granite porphyries are linked to the tectonic regime of lithospheric thinning, asthenospheric upwelling and partial melting of the crust, induced by a change in Izanagi Plate motion parallel to the continent margin.In the East Qinling–Dabie belt there are vein type Pb–Zn–Ag deposits surrounding porphyry and/or porphyry–skarn Mo (W) deposits, forming well defined ore clusters. The same spatial arrangement (i.e., porphyry Mo stockworks and outlying Pb–Zn–Ag ore veins) is also observed at the deposit scale. Thus, Mo porphyry stockworks and distal polymetallic veins belong to the same ore system and may reflect an outward temperature decrease from the highly fractionated granite plutons. Both, porphyry stockworks and polymetallic veins, can be used as vectors for further prospecting.     

Gold Deposits in Beishan Mountain, Northwestern China

Abstract. The Beishan Mountain spans three provinces ‐ Gansu, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, having an area of 120,000 km² Tectonically, it transverses three different tectonic units, i.e. Siberia, Kazakhstan and Tarim plates, and is composed of nine ter‐rains with widely exposed Precambrian and Paleozoic strata, complex structures, intensive magmatic activities and widespread ore deposits. It is not only a main part of Tianshan‐Yinshan‐Great Hinggan metallogenic belt in China, but also a key to under‐stand the evolution of central‐Asian orogenic system. At present, more than 100 gold deposits and prospects have been discovered, explored and mined, among which Nanjinshan, Mazhuangshan, Liushashan, Jinwozi, Zhaobishan and Xiaoxigong are the most important ones. Based on the host rocks and the geological features, all these gold occurrences can be subdivided into three groups (or types): (1) hosted by Carboniferous or Permian volcanic or subvolcanic rocks; (2) hosted by or related to plutonic intrusions; and (3) hosted by Precambrian metamorphic rocks. The first group includes the Mazhuangshan gold deposit, which occurs in Hercynian quartz por‐phyry and rhyolite porphyry as gold‐bearing quartz veins. The second group is composed of the Liushashan, Nanjinshan Zhaobishan and Jinwozi gold deposits. Gold mineralization at these four deposits occurs within Hercynian granitoids intrusion: or late Paleozoic sedimentary rocks as quartz veins, veinlets and altered rocks. The Xiaoxigong gold deposit belongs to the third group, and is hosted by Precambrian schist, amphibolite and migmatite as quartz veins and altered rocks. Isotopic age dating data, geological and geochemical evidence suggest that most of the groups 1 and 2 gold deposits were generated during the emplacement of the Hercynian or partly Indosinian intrusions. These intrusions may provide both heat and metals for groups 1 and 2 deposits. In contrast, although the formation is closely related to the Hercynian magma‐tism, the ore‐forming materials of the group 3 deposits may not only come from the intrusions, but also from the Precambrian metamorphic rocks.     

德兴推覆构造地质特征及与成矿关系

德兴推覆构造是德兴斑岩铜矿和金山金矿的控岩控矿构造。论述了德兴推覆构造的地质特征及控矿意义。建立了以韧性剪切为特征的推覆构造控制金矿和斑岩铜矿的多因复成成矿模式。     

德兴大型铜金矿集区的研究进展和成矿模式

德兴大型铜金矿集区是我国最重要的铜金产地之一。多年来,德兴矿集区的成矿过程和成因模式一直引起广大地质学家的广泛关注。在前期大量的野外工作观察和多年研究基础上,结合前人的研究成果,本文提出德兴矿集区由两套成矿系统组成:新元古代金山-水石坞-西蒋-渔塘-蛤蟆石-上洛造山型金成矿系统和燕山期德兴和银山斑岩-浅成低温热液型铜金多金属成矿系统。德兴矿集区的造山型金矿可进一步划分为两个亚系统,分别为对应于区域NW向推覆构造的NWW走向、缓倾斜的金山金矿田超糜棱岩型亚系统(约为840Ma),和对应于区域上NE向走滑剪切运动的NE走向、陡倾斜的蛤蟆石金矿田和金山金矿阳山矿段的石英脉型亚系统(约为750～710Ma)。造山型金矿的成矿物质来自富金的新元古代双桥山群基底地层,成矿流体主要为富CO_2的变质流体。燕山期斑岩-浅成低温热液系统的形成时代为约170Ma,此时古太平洋板块开始向华南大陆俯冲,导致赣东北深大断裂活化,引发新元古代形成的富铜金的初生地壳重熔再造,形成德兴Cu-Au-Mo矿和银山Cu-Au-Pb-Zn-Ag矿,成矿热液主要来自于岩浆流体来源的贫CO_2的NaCl-H_2O体系。     

德兴铜厂斑岩型铜金矿床热液演化过程

德兴铜矿是中国东部大陆环境最具代表性的大型斑岩铜矿,由朱砂红、铜厂及富家坞三大矿床组成,其中的铜厂矿体以富金而别具特色.在前人研究基础上,本文通过系统的野外观测、详细的岩芯编录和全面的岩相学研究,厘定了铜厂矿床的脉体类型和形成顺序,系统地开展了各类脉体的流体包裹体研究,查明了成矿流体的演化过程,再塑了岩浆-热液矿化过程.初步识别出德兴矿床3组脉体类型,分别记录了三个不同阶段的蚀变-成矿过程:早期A脉分为4类,形成于成矿早期斑岩尚未固结时,伴有大规模的钾化和黑云母化甚至磁铁矿化;中期B脉可分为7类,形成于斑岩体固结后的大规模裂隙事件发育期,B脉石英呈梳状对称生长、黄铁矿以中心线生长;后期D脉共有3类,发育于成矿晚期,系雨水大量加入和硫化物大量淀积产物.观察发现,所有A、B及D脉沉淀过程中,均伴随大量的岩浆流体出溶、热液蚀变、流体挥发等热液活动、各脉均捕获了同体系内富含的热液流体.详细显微镜鉴定表明,各类脉体的脉石矿物石英内发育的大部分包裹体与世界典型斑岩铜矿床的矿化特征相似,从成矿早期A脉到成矿晚期D脉包裹体的类型发生如下变化:早期以LVH(含单子晶或多子晶包裹体发育,包裹体中还见有金属硫化物)+富气相包裹体为主→中期以含单子晶包裹体+富气相包裹体为主,以及含有少量富液相包裹体→成矿晚期,以富液相包裹体+少量富气相包裹体.包裹体显微测温结果总体上指示了温度、压力及热液成分在各类脉体的形成过程的变化规律,从早期到晚期温度和盐度逐渐降低,热液成矿作用明显经历三个阶段:早期岩浆未完全固结,温度达到800～600℃以上,压力较高(140～50MPa),发生强烈的钾硅酸盐化;中期,由于岩浆冷凝结晶,岩体顶部围岩裂隙发育,静岩压力向静水压力发生转换,温度下降到450～550℃,压力陡然从55～40MPa下降至20MPa(B脉);而D脉形成时,发生大规模绿泥石-水云母化,温度下降至350～375℃,压力完全降低至20MPa以下;最后,与成矿作用无关的热液活动了两次,峰值温度分别是320～300℃和180～200℃,形成了无矿碳酸盐脉、石英脉及黑云母. 在成矿过程中,成矿热液也从形成A/B脉时以岩浆热液为主,转变为形成D脉时以雨水、地下水为主.与世界典型斑岩型铜矿床相比,德兴斑岩铜矿床的蚀变-矿化系统基本一致,都由强硅酸盐蚀变带--青磐岩蚀变带--泥岩蚀变带等构成,在不同的蚀变阶段形成了具有特色的不规则形状A脉、脉石矿物梳状对称的B脉及粗颗粒大脉型D脉.德兴铜厂铜金矿各成矿阶段内主要成矿流体特征及其演化过程基本类似于世界典型斑岩矿床.但是,也存在不同之处,在铜厂铜金矿的A、B及D脉都发育了少量CO_2包裹体,表明德兴铜厂成矿过程中CO_2参与成矿作用,世界其它斑岩型矿床或没有报道发育 CO_2 包裹体(杨志明等,2008),或者仅在其中某个阶段发现了少量CO_2包裹体(Harris et al., 2004).CO_2包裹体参与成矿是否有特殊指示意义,须进一步的工作才能得出正确的结论.     

乐华—德兴成矿带成矿作用研究的进展,问题及展望

赣东北乐华－德兴成矿带位于江南地块东南缘,带内有超大型的德兴斑岩铜矿床,金山金矿床,银山多金属矿床以及许多中小型矿床,其中铜储量和伴生金储分别占全国的１７．５％和３７％,深入研究乐华－德兴成矿带内典型矿床和区域成矿作用,对深刻揭示大型－超大型矿床的成因矿床分带的形成机理以及发展中国的金属成矿学理论等都有重要意义,本文讨论了近年来对该成矿带成矿作用的研究进展,存在问题,并对研究前景作了展望。     

德兴铜厂斑岩铜(钼金)矿床蚀变-矿化系统流体演化:H-O同位素制约

江西铜厂斑岩铜(钼金)矿床是德兴斑岩矿集区最大的矿床.文章根据铜厂矿床发育的钾硅酸盐化、绢英岩化、青磐岩化蚀变组合特征,和已厘定的铜厂矿床脉体类型,选取代表不同蚀变矿化阶段的石英、黑云母、绢云母及绿泥石等,进行单矿物的H、O同位素测试.石英和黑云母单矿物O同位素,与石英、黑云母平衡流体的δ 18O 值和δD值联合示踪结果显示,铜厂矿床早期A脉(不规则疙瘩状A1脉、石英-黑云母A2脉和石英-磁铁矿A4脉)和中期B脉(矿物组合为石英-黄铁矿+黄铜矿±辉钼矿±斑铜矿)形成时,成矿热液均为岩浆流体来源,但B脉可能混入了少量大气降水;晚期低温D脉和碳酸岩脉(180～200℃)的成矿热液全部为大气降水来源.斑晶黑云母平衡水的δ 18O和δD值变化范围较大表明,黑云母形成时的热液系统主要为岩浆水,局部受区域变质水和大气降水的混染,也可能与少量黑云母斑晶受到后期绿泥石化、水云母化蚀变有关.绿泥石蚀变主要由岩浆流体作用形成,但混入了一些大气降水,导致其δ 18O值少量降低.绢云母平衡的水的δ18O值和δD值(4.6‰和-19.4‰)表明,绢云母是大气降水与千枚岩共同作用的结果.总体来说,铜厂矿床钾硅酸盐化、绿泥石化蚀变,以及钾硅酸盐化阶段形成的A脉和B脉,均由岩浆流体作用引起,大气降水在绿泥石化阶段进入蚀变-矿化系统,而绢云母化、晚期低温D脉和碳酸盐脉均是大气降水作用的产物.     

The Syama and Tabakoroni goldfields,Mali

Gold deposits in the Syama and Tabakoroni goldfields in southern Mali occur along a north-northeast trending mineralised litho-structural corridor that trends for approximately 40 km. The deposits are interpreted to have formed during a craton-wide metallogenic event during the Eburnean orogeny. In the Syama goldfield, gold mineralisation in 9 deposits is hosted in the hanging-wall of the Syama-Bananso Shear Zone in basalt, greywacke, argillite, lamprophyre, and black shale. Gold is currently mined primarily from the oxidised-weathered zone of the ore bodies. In the Syama deposit, mineralisation hosted in altered basalt is associated with an intense ankerite–quartz–pyrite stockwork vein systems, whereas disseminated style mineralisation is also present in greywackes. In contrast, the Tellem deposit is hosted in quartz–porphyry rocks.In the Tabakoroni goldfield, gold mineralisation is hosted in quartz veins in tertiary splay shears of the Syama-Bananso Shear Zone. The Tabakoroni orebody is associated with quartz, carbonate and graphite (stylolite) veins, with pyrite and lesser amounts of arsenopyrite. There are four main styles of gold mineralisation including silica-sulphide lodes in carbonaceous fault zones, stylolitic quartz reefs in fault zones, quartz–Fe–carbonate–sulphide lodes in mafic volcanics, and quartz–sulphide stockwork veins in silicified sediments and porphyry dykes. The several deposit styles in the goldfield thus present a number of potential exploration targets spatially associated with the regional Syama-Bananso Shear Zone and generally classified as orogenic shear-hosted gold deposits.     

桂西巴马料屯金矿床成矿年代上限的确定——对滇黔桂“金三角”卡林型金矿年代学研究的启示

广西巴马料屯金矿床是较为典型的卡林型金矿床,金矿体与燕山晚期石英斑岩脉空间上相关。矿床勘查成果和野外露头观察均表明石英斑岩脉切割金矿体,说明岩浆岩形成于矿体之后。成矿元素地球化学测量结果表明,Au、As元素沿石英斑岩脉走向出现明显的分异,表现为在导矿和容矿断层区段Au、As质量分数高,局部形成矿（化）体;远离矿体的砂泥岩和灰岩围岩地段,则逐渐降低至正常背景值,说明石英斑岩侵位过程中切割早期的矿体或含矿断层,萃取了矿（化）体中成矿元素Au、As,从而在这些断层之间形成一定宽度的高值带。成矿元素地球化学测量支持岩浆岩形成于矿体之后的结论。石英斑岩脉白云母斑晶的⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar坪年龄为（95.5±0.7） Ma,代表了岩浆侵位年龄,由于岩脉形成于矿体之后,此年龄可以作为成矿年代的上限年龄。本矿床及滇黔桂"金三角"其他卡林型金矿的确切成矿年代,尚需更多高精度直接成矿年龄数据的约束。     

黑山金矿地质特征及找矿标志

黑山金矿位于精河县托托河中游，地表圈定6条金矿体．矿体赋存于花岗斑岩体内接触带的破碎蚀变带中．矿床类型为断控脉状造山型，局部石英脉含Au较高．总结了金矿找矿标志。     

江西德兴铜厂斑岩铜矿成矿物质来源的再认识——来自流体包裹体的证据

本文从江西德兴斑岩铜矿铜厂矿床的流体包裹体研究出发,讨论了矿床成矿物质来源与矿床成因。矿床中流体包裹体分为6类,即富液包裹体、富气包裹体、含石盐多相包裹体、含CO2多相包裹体以及熔体包裹体和熔体-流体包裹体。富气包裹体、含石盐多相包裹体和熔体与熔体-流体包裹体代表了成矿早期岩浆热液的特征。在这些包裹体中发现黄铜矿等金属矿物,表明成矿金属主要源自岩浆。含石盐多相包裹体和富气包裹体与矿体关系不甚密切,但其中所含有的金属矿物特别是黄铜矿,暗示早期来自岩浆的热液流体金属含量较高,形成于大气降水与岩浆热液混合之前。成矿中晚期大气降水流体在冷却和稀释岩浆流体方面对于矿床的形成作出了一定贡献,但是来自围岩的大气降水可能并没有向成矿体系提供大量金属。     

Geological Characteristics and Ore‐forming Time of the Dexing Porphyry Copper Ore Mine in Jiangxi Province

The Dexing porphyry copper ore mine is located in the Qin-Hang metallogenic belt between the Yangtze block and the Cathaysia block. It is a giant porphyry copper mine in China, including 3 ore districts: Tongchang, Fujiawu and Zhushahong. Our analyses of Re in molybdenite indicate that the ore-forming material of the copper ore deposits in Dexing should be mainly mantle-derived. Our study fills in a gap in the study of formation time of the Dexing copper mine, and further proves that the copper ore deposits in the three ore districts should be formed simultaneously, about 170 Ma, belonging to the early Yanshan period, and that the formation time of the copper ore deposits should be consistent with the formation time of granodiorite porphyry in which the copper ore deposits are hosted. Promising areas for seeking porphyry copper ore deposits is predicated to be the west or southwest of Dexing.     

山西堡子湾金矿床地质地球化学特征

山西堡子湾金矿床位于华北地台北缘，是以金为主伴生银铜多金属的中型金矿床。赋存地层为太古界集宁群。燕山期岩浆活动形成的石英二长岩及有关的隐爆角砾岩与成矿关系密切。围岩蚀变分布于角砾岩体内，主要为绢云母化、高岭石化、碳酸盐化和硅化。石英二长岩的稀土分布型式和岩石地球化学特征，说明其为重熔型岩浆侵入所形成。矿体中石英的氧同位素δ^18O值接近花岗岩类范围；矿床中硫化物的δ^34S值范围为-3．2‰～-1．2‰，接近陨石硫。堡子湾金矿的成矿物质来源于岩浆，成矿作用与燕山期岩浆期后热液活动以及隐爆作用和流体作用有关。     

江西银山铅锌矿床闪锌矿与石英流体包裹体的对比研究

赣东北地区是我国重要的铜铅锌金银多金属矿集区,银山铅锌(银)铜(金)多金属矿床是赣东北地区一个重要的大型次火山热液型多金属矿床。银山铅锌矿发育有闪锌矿-方铅矿-石英脉,前人研究认为金属矿物与脉石矿物为伴生关系,但是没有强调它们的成因上的联系。本次研究开展了矿石矿物中闪锌矿和伴生脉石矿物中石英的流体包裹体对比研究。通过详细的岩相学观察、显微测温、显微激光拉曼探针工作,对伴生石英脉和闪锌矿内原生包裹体,伴生石英脉中的晚期微细石英脉和闪锌矿内部次生包裹体进行流体特征的对比研究。研究结果显示,伴生石英脉原生流体包裹体比闪锌矿的原生包裹体的平均均一温度高约30℃,明显富集CH₄、N₂、CH₄、CO₂等挥发份,伴生石英脉中的晚期微细石英脉流体包裹体比闪锌矿次生包裹体的平均均一温度高23℃。闪锌矿原生包裹体与想伴生的早期石英脉在平均均一温度有所差别,气相成分差异明显,均表明矿石矿物与伴生脉石矿物可能形成于不同的地质环境,具有不同的温度和流体成分。     

内蒙古维拉斯托锡多金属矿流体包裹体特征

大兴安岭锡矿带是中国北方唯一成型的锡多金属成矿带。新近发现的内蒙古维拉斯托锡多金属矿床位于大兴安岭南段,隶属中亚造山带东段的兴蒙造山带。该矿床为一典型的大型斑岩型热液脉型锡多金属矿床,矿区内锡矿化主要赋存于石英斑岩体顶部及其上部的石英脉中。矿床成矿阶段包括石英斑岩体内的滴状锡锌矿化阶段、石英斑岩体上部石英脉中的辉钼矿矿化阶段、石英锡石黑钨矿阶段和石英多金属硫化物阶段。流体包裹体研究结果显示：流体包裹体类型主要为气液两相包裹体,尤其是富液相包裹体,其次为含子矿物的三相包裹体。斑岩体内矿化阶段流体包裹体均一温度为324~333 ℃,盐度为6.5%~7.5% NaCleqv,密度为0.73~0.74 g/cm3;石英脉型矿化阶段包裹体均一温度为201~324 ℃,盐度为3.4%~9.9% NaCleqv,密度为0.73~0.92 g/cm3。包裹体显微测温分析结果显示该矿区成矿流体具有中高温、低盐度、中密度的特征。激光拉曼光谱分析表明,气液两相包裹体液相成分主要为H2O,气相成分主要有H2O、CO2和CH4。氢氧同位素研究结果表明该矿床石英斑岩体上部石英脉矿化阶段的成矿流体为岩浆水和大气降水混合来源,以岩浆水为主。岩浆流体与大气降水的混合以及流体演化中的降温过程是该矿床矿石沉淀的主要机制。     

Geology,Pb Isotope Geochemistry and Ore Genesis of the Liziyuan Gold Deposit,West Qinling Orogen,Central China

The Liziyuan gold deposit, situated on the south side of the Shangdan suture zone, West Qinling Orogen, occurs in metamorphic volcanic rocks(greenschist facies) of the early Paleozoic Liziyuan Group and in Indosinian Tianzishan monzogranite. Orebodies in the Liziyuan gold field are controlled by the ductile-brittle shear zone, and by thrusting nappe faults related to the Indosinian orogeny. In detail, this paper analyzed the geological characteristics of the Liziyuan gold field, and the Pb isotopes of the Lziyuan host rocks, granitoids(Tianzishan monzogranite and Jiancaowan syenite porphyry), sulfides, and auriferous quartz veins by multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(MC-ICPMS). In addition, previous data on the sulfur, hydrogen, and oxygen isotopes were employed to discuss the possible sources of the ore-forming fluids and materials, and to further understand the tectonic setting of the Liziyuan gold deposit. The sulfides and their host rocks(Lziyuan Group), Tianzishan monzogranite and Jiancaowan syenite porphyry, and auriferous quartz veins have similar Pb isotopic compositions.Zartman's plumbotectonic model diagram shows that most of the data for the deposit fall near the orogenic Pb evolutionary curve or within the area between the orogenic and mantle Pb evolutionary curves. In the△β-△γ diagram, which genetically classifies the lead isotopes, most of the data fall within the range of the subduction-zone lead mixed with upper crust and mantle. This indicates that a complex source of the ore lead formed in the orogenic environment. The δ~(34)S values of the sulfides range from 3.90 to 8.50‰(average6.80‰), with a pronounced mode at 5.00‰-8.00‰. These values are consistent with that of orogenic gold deposits worldwide, indicating that the sulfur sourced mainly from reduced metamorphic fluids. The isotopic hydrogen and oxygen compositions support a predominantly metamorphic origin of the oreforming fluids, with possible mixing of minor magmatic fluids, but the late stage was dominated by meteoric water. The characteristics of the Liziyuan gold deposit formed in the Indosinian orogenic environment of the Qinling Orogen are consistent with those of orogenic gold deposits found worldwide.