一种基于丹麦法的改进型双步M估计

针对抗差估计方法初值与临界值选取不当的问题,提出一种以L1-范估计的平差值作为初值、以改进的丹麦法权函数作为第一步抗差阶段权函数的双步M估计,该方法既具有较强的抗差性,又具有最小二乘的最优性。试验表明,该方法估计结果与无粗差时的LS估计结果基本一致,抗差效果明显优于传统抗差估计方法与其他两步抗差估计。     

误差判别统计量和参数初值对抗差估计的影响分析

针对抗差估计中难于获得可靠参数初值的问题,提出基于高崩溃点的初始等价权求取参数初值,以提高抗差估计的崩溃污染率.计算结果表明,采用该方法求得参数初值并求解残差能有效抵制粗差对残差的影响,有利于计算合理的等价权,在观测量粗差污染率较高时,该方法仍有效.     

MSE准则下岭-主成分组合估计与LS估计的比较与选择

研究了测量平差Gauss—Markov模型中岭-主成分组合估计与LS估计的比较与选择问题。首先在均方误差（MSE）准则下对岭-主成分组合估计与LS估计进行了比较,得到了岭-主成分组合估计优于LS估计的椭球条件;然后运用Monte Carlo方法对这些条件进行了假设检验;最后通过数值实验说明,在一定显著性水平下当原假设被接受时,可采用岭-主成分组合估计对LS估计做出比较有效的改进,当原假设被拒绝时,应该仍采用LS估计。     

线性EIV模型的t型估计

将数理统计中的t型估计作为一种抗差估计引入测量平差中,提出线性EIV模型的t型抗差估计及其EM算法。以平面拟合为例,当向观测向量和系数矩阵加入粗差时,选取合适的自由度v,t型估计具有较好的抗粗差能力,求出的参数均值与真值偏差较小。     

重力段差的计算方法

在两个重力点间测量重力差,一般连续地进行多程联测。目前,在重力网中常用三程测量和五程测量;在重力基线上测定重力仪格值时,则采用多程测量。计算重力段差值虽可用先按每两程观测计算一个结果,然后取全部结果的平均值作为最终结果;但它是一种近似的计算方法。严密方法应是整体平差计算多程测量结果,并采用更完善的仪器掉格模式,以得到最终段差值。本文根据附有未知数的条件平差法原理,给出多程测量时段差值计算,及其精度估计的严密公式;计算工作量比用间接平差法要少,而且容易运算。通过实例说明,整体处理多程测量结果时,则以较少的观测程数就能保证段差结果的精度,而且能更客观地评定精度。     

参数带椭球约束平差算法的应用

针对实际工程应用中遇到的参数带有范围约束的情形，提出带椭球约束的平差算法，并给出其具体模型和解算步骤。数值模拟实验和病态测边网数据计算表明，在处理病态问题时，最小二乘平差（least-squares，LS）已不适用，而与岭估计、奇异值分解法（singular value decomposition，SVD）以及不等式约束相比，本文算法精度更高。     

病态模型平差的变分正则化方法

本文对病态模型平差问题进行研究,指出由于模型病态将引起平差结果的摄动,而根据Тихонов的变分正则化理论可构造出一种抗摄动的平差方法.文章通过理论分析和计算实验证明,只要合理的选择正则化参数α,就可使平差结果的均方误差比传统的最小二乘估计小,从而改善平差结果的精度.     

一次范数最小和选权迭代联合的抗差法

联合一次范数最小和选权迭代法进行抗差估计。使用一次范数进行粗差定位,在确定粗差位置后,对相应的观测值进行降权,以此作为选权迭代法的初始权进行迭代平差,解决初始权不合理导致选权迭代法失效的问题。最后以水准网数据验证了该联合法的正确性。     

抗差部分岭估计及其在GPS快速定位中的应用

针对GPS快速定位中观测资料含有粗差且因观测信息不足造成设计阵“部分病态”的实际情况,对现有的抗差有偏估计进行改进,提出了一种新的抗差有偏估计——抗差部分岭估计,并讨论了抗差部分岭估计中“部分岭参数”的选择方法。计算结果显示,新估计与现有的抗差有偏估计相比,具有精度高、速度快、稳定性好的特点。     

三程测量重力段差的精度估算方法

重力段差是构成重力网的基本元素,又常作为分析重力场的局部变化的依据;故正确估计重力段差的精度是重要的问题。本文针对CG_2型石英弹簧重力仪的特点,建议目前在估算段差值精度时,应顾及段差观测的偶然误差、重力仪格值的测定误差和格值随温度而改变的系统影响等三项因索;并按获得一次最终段差值的可能情况,给出相应的段差值精度估算公式;通过实例验证表明,由公式对段差值的误差估计,是比较合乎实际的。因此,应重视重力仪格值与温度关系的分析研究;目前一些仪器所求得的格值温度系数,已能实用于精度估算公式中。     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by     

Foreword

正Rapid changes of Arctic sea ice cover have been in the focus of the international climate research community in recent years.Quite a few of nations have completed a large number of related surveys and research projects in the Arctic Ocean.Up to now,China has performed six research cruises to the Arctic Ocean resulting in a significant volume of research output.Improved knowledge on the atmospheree-sea ice-ocean interactions in the Arctic is a     

Exposure ages and radiogenic ages of ureilite(GRV 024516) and ordinary chondrite(GRV 024517) from Antarctica

The GRV 024516 and GRV 024517 meteorite samples collected from Grove Montains,Antactica are ureilite and H5 ordinary chondrite,respectively.Based on the study of mineralogy-petrology,the cosmic-ray exposure ages and gas retention ages of these two meteorites were determinated and calculated.Their cosmic-ray exposure ages are 33.3 Ma,51.7 Ma,and gas retention ages are 1936.8 Ma and 3720 Ma,respectively.The ureilite contains diamond,graphite and amorphous C,which are mainly carrier of noble gases indicating obviously shock metamorphism effects,which induced 40Ar partial loss.The H5 chondrite indicates thermal metamorphism of parent body,its gas retention age fall the range between 3220 Ma and 4510 Ma of the least shocked H5 chondrites