鄂尔多斯盆地中部马五段盐下储层成岩作用与孔隙演化

马五段盐下碳酸盐岩储集层是鄂尔多斯盆地重要和新拓展的油气探勘领域,近期在盆地中部的该层λ取 得了重要突破,展示出马五段盐下的巨大探勘潜力.基于岩心薄片观察、测?井及储层物性等资料,分析总结了 马五段盐下碳酸盐岩储层成岩作用与孔隙演化.结果表明,马五段盐下发育一套台内丘滩相的碳酸盐岩储集体, 储层孔隙类型丰富且经历了多阶段多种成岩作用的共同改造,包括准同生白云石化、压实压溶、暴?溶蚀、埋藏重 结晶及胶结充填作用等.在孔隙演化过程中,准同生期大规模白云石化作用增强了储层岩石抗压能力,有利于原 生孔隙保存;随后丘滩体的局部暴?溶蚀是原生孔隙扩溶增大和优质储层形成的关键,产生了粒间溶孔、铸模孔、 窗格孔、溶洞等大量次生孔隙;埋藏成岩阶段相对高孔渗的丘滩储集层在地层流体的改造下发生强烈重结晶作 用,使储层岩石结构和孔隙空间得到优化调整,最终形成现今以晶间孔占主导的粉－细晶白云岩储层.      

羌塘盆地隆鄂尼—昂达尔错地区布曲组白云岩储层成因及孔隙演化特征

利用剖面地质调查、岩心观察、薄片铸体鉴定、扫描电镜分析及物性测试等方法,结合地球化学资料综合分析,研究羌塘盆地隆鄂尼—昂达尔错地区布曲组白云岩储层成因及孔隙演化特征。结果表明:布曲组白云岩包括保留先驱灰岩原始组构白云岩、晶粒白云岩和白云石充填物;晶粒白云岩中细晶、自形白云岩储层物性最好,细晶、半自形白云岩储层物性次之;储集空间以晶间孔为主,局部发育晶间溶孔。布曲组沉积前的古地貌和沉积时的古气候控制白云岩在垂向和平面上的展布,即沉积环境决定储层的叠置形态;白云岩储层发育于台缘滩和台内浅滩环境,高位体系域晚期的咸化海水提供白云石化流体;白云岩储层经历准同生阶段、浅埋藏阶段、中—深埋藏阶段及构造热液改造阶段,浅埋藏阶段是储层孔隙发育的关键时期。在南羌塘地区,早白垩世晚期羌塘地块和拉萨地块的碰撞以剪切作用为主,形成深大断裂,大气淡水下渗稀释布曲组地层水,并俘获夏里组高~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr的地层流体,约74 Ma的构造热事件提供鞍形白云石的热源,形成鞍形白云石充填物。     

四川盆地南部寒武系碳酸盐岩成岩作用特征及对储层的影响

利用岩心、薄片资料,结合碳氧同位素地化数据,分析四川盆地南部寒武系碳酸盐岩成岩作用类型并探讨储渗空间的意义.结果表明:研究区成岩作用类型主要为海底胶结作用、白云石化作用、溶蚀作用、压实压溶作用、破裂作用和充填作用等.白云石化作用是优质储层形成的基础,溶蚀作用是关键.埋藏期白云石化形成晶间孔,表生期溶蚀发育膏模孔、晶间溶孔.热液溶蚀形成的热液溶蚀缝洞及热液破裂作用为储层提供有效储渗空间,多期次的白云石化及溶蚀作用为研究区储层形成的主控因素.     

鄂尔多斯盆地中部马五~4亚段成岩作用及储集性能

鄂尔多斯盆地中部下奥陶统马家沟组第五段第四亚段（马五４亚段）储层经历了成岩环境为海底、早期大气淡水、浅埋、表生大气淡水和埋藏环境．控制孔隙演化的主要成岩作用是准同生白云石化、溶解、破裂和充填作用。储层孔隙类型多样，非均质性强，受控于岩相和成岩作用，尤其是表生溶解作用．     

碳酸盐岩储层中热液流体改造作用研究进展

热液流体改造作用研究是近年碳酸盐岩优质油气储层形成机制研究中备受关注的一个重要领域,目前热液白云化作用、热液淋滤溶解作用是其中2个最有油气储层意义的地质过程。在分析大量国内外文献资料的基础上,较系统地总结了目前国际上流行的上述2种典型碳酸盐岩储层中热液流体改造作用的作用过程、分布规模和存在问题。对碳酸盐岩储层中热液流体改造作用的进一步讨论不仅展示了目前热液流体改造作用研究的模糊性和多解性,而且将对今后更好地应用和完善目前的热液流体改造作用模式有着重要的现实意义。      

塔东地区寒武系白云岩地球化学特征与成因模式

寒武系白云岩是塔东地区下古生界碳酸盐岩储层的重要岩石类型之一。为认识塔东地区寒武系白云岩的地球化学特征和成因机理,通过岩心及薄片观察,将研究区寒武系白云岩划分为微—细晶它形白云石、细—中晶自形白云石、中—粗晶白云石和鞍形白云石4种类型;结合阴极发光分析、微量元素测试、稀土元素分析、碳氧稳定同位素分析、流体包裹体测温和X线衍射有序度分析等,探讨研究区寒武系白云岩成因和白云化作用模式。结果表明:微—细晶它形白云石成因机制为准同生期高盐度白云化作用;细—中晶自形白云石成因机制为埋藏白云化作用;中—粗晶白云石成因机制可分为2种类型,即Ⅰ型为基性岩浆热液流体重结晶白云化作用,Ⅱ型为中酸性岩浆热液流体重结晶白云化作用;鞍形白云石成因机制也可分为2种类型,即Ⅰ型为基性岩浆热液白云化作用,Ⅱ型为中酸性岩浆热液白云化作用。该结果为研究区寒武系白云岩储层预测和油气勘探部署提供依据。     

川南地区中二叠统茅口组碳酸盐岩储层孔隙特征与储层成因

川南地区中二叠统茅口组碳酸盐岩储层孔隙结构复杂、非均质性强,孔隙类型的差异影响储层渗流能力.基于岩心观察、薄片鉴定和扫描电镜成像等资料,采用FIB—SEM三维成像技术,分析川南地区中二叠统茅口组碳酸盐岩储层特征.结果表明:川南地区中二叠统茅口组碳酸盐岩储层受白云石化和溶蚀作用等影响,形成晶间溶蚀孔、粒间孔和粒内孔等次生孔隙,为油气储存和运移提供重要的储集空间.茅口组孔隙—孔洞型储层主要存在粒间孔、粒内孔、晶间孔、有机质孔和微裂缝5种孔隙类型.主要储集空间组合类型为粒间孔—晶间溶蚀孔—微裂缝;次要储集空间组合类型为粒内孔—晶间孔—有机质孔—生物体腔溶孔.以亮晶生屑灰岩为主的储层大孔数量多,但孔隙连通性差,非均质性较强,有利于形成裂缝—孔隙型储层.以泥晶生屑灰岩为主的储层广泛发育粒间孔和粒内孔,孔隙连通性较好,非均质性弱,有利于形成优质孔隙—孔洞型储层.该结果为证实孔隙—孔洞型储层具备优质储集性能提供实验依据,为四川盆地中二叠统茅口组勘探提供参考.     

四川盆地震旦系灯影组储层特征及成因

为明确四川盆地震旦系灯影组的储层特征及成因,以钻井岩心、薄片观察、扫描电镜和碳氧稳定同位素分析等资料为基础,分析研究区储层的储集空间类型及储层特征、成因。结果表明:灯影组储集岩类以凝块状云岩、砂屑云岩为主,储集空间以次生孔隙、溶蚀孔洞为特征;沉积相是储层的物质基础,藻丘和颗粒滩亚相控制储层在平面上的分布范围和规模;溶蚀是储层形成的关键,同生期溶蚀增加储层的比表面积,为后期岩溶提供有利的物性条件;表生期溶蚀控制优质储层在纵向上的分布,主要分布在距离不整合面100m以内;埋藏期溶蚀对储层总孔隙度改变不大,但使前期较分散的储层趋于富集。早期裂缝(第一~三期)为各期流体及烃类充注提供导引作用,晚期裂缝(第四~五期)改善灯影组储层的渗透能力。该结果对研究区气田的勘探和开发具有参考意义。     

靖边气田马家沟组碳酸盐岩储层特征及主控因素

为优选靖边气田马家沟组碳酸盐岩储层有利区域,以靖边南部马家沟组五段4亚段为例,基于岩心观察、铸体薄片鉴定、物性资料统计及压汞测试等方法,分析研究区碳酸盐岩储层特征,从古构造、岩相古地理环境、成岩作用及岩溶古地貌等方面研究主控因素与储层分布的关系.结果 表明:马家沟组碳酸盐岩储集层岩石类型包括膏盐溶蚀泥粉晶白云岩、岩溶角砾泥粉晶白云岩及砂砾屑泥晶白云岩;储集空间类型包括铸模孔隙、晶间孔和晶间溶孔;储层孔隙结构划分为高饱和型、中饱和型、低饱和型及微饱和型4类,储层分布受古构造、岩相古地理、成岩作用和岩溶古地貌等因素控制,其中古构造中的高部位、古地理环境中的云坪沉积微相、成岩作用中的早期淡水溶蚀、白云石化和表生期岩溶作用,以及古地貌中的岩溶斜坡带是储层发育的有利因素.该结果为靖边气田碳酸盐岩储层天然气勘探有利区优选提供依据.     

渤海海域渤中凹陷奥陶系碳酸盐岩成岩作用

渤中凹陷奥陶系碳酸盐岩在沉积后经历了漫长的地质改造,不同成岩作用改造使储层极为复杂,因此识别不同成岩环境对潜山储层预测具有一定意义。通过岩石薄片观察、扫描电镜、阴极发光等分析确定研究区奥陶系碳酸盐岩经历了正常海水成岩环境、大气淡水成岩环境和埋藏成岩环境,储层储集空间以溶蚀作用引起的次生孔隙和裂缝为主,物性中等,储层非均质性强。结合区域构造演化,镜下特征,碳、氧同位素分析及包裹体分析表明虽然在大气淡水成岩环境及埋藏成岩环境下均有溶蚀作用发生,但对该区下古生界碳酸盐岩储层影响最大的是古生代-中生代期间大气淡水环境下的表生岩溶作用,构造运动导致地层抬升遭受长时间风化淋滤从而改善了储层物性,而埋藏环境下溶蚀改造对储层物性改造有限;新近纪期间深埋环境下大规模胶结作用是本区奥陶系储层物性降低的主要因素。      

GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF Fe,Mn,Co,As,Cr,Sb,Zn,Sc AND V IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS FROM JIAOZHOU BAY

The contents of nearly forty-elements in surface sediments in Jiaozhou Bay were determined using a Neutron Activation Analysis Technique(Grancini,et al.,1976;Li Peiquan et al.,1985,1986;Li Xiuxia etal.,1986).This paper's detailed discussion on only nine elements(Fe,Mn,Co,Cr,Sc,As,Sb,Zn andV)includes their distributions,concentrations,correlationships,material sources,background,etc.Based on Zavaristski's classification method,Fe,Mn,Co Cr and V belong to the second group;As and Sb to theeighth groups:Sc and Zn to the third and sixth groups.It was found that their notably good correla-tionship is mainly due to the similarity of their ionic structures and that their variation is controlled by theFe content(except Mn).The source of sediments is mainly terristrial material,and the composition ofsediment is similar to that of shale and shale+clay.The contents for a large number of ele-ments are within the scope of the background level,but there still is pollution of Zn and Cr,at least in a few stations.     

Cloning, expressing, and hemolysis of tdh, trh and tlh genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) is one of the pathogenic vibrios endangering net-cage cultured Pseudosciaena crocea,Fennerpenaeus chinensis, and shellfish in coastal areas of China. Several types of hemolysins produced by Vp have been characterized as major virulence factors.They are thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH),TDH-related hemolysin (TRH) and thermolabile hemolysin (TLH). In this study, we cloned tdh, trh, and tlh genes from the genome DNA of VP by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).We ligated the three genes into prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a (+),and transformed the recombinant plasmids into Es-cherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The expression of recombinant proteins was induced by isopropyl-β-D-thiogalacto-pyranoside (IPTG). The recombinant proteins were expressed in a form of inclusion bodies and thus purified with Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Western blotting results showed that recombinant proteins,TDH, TRH and TLH, could be recognized by rabbit anti-VP serum. The three purified proteins were renatured by gradient dialysis.The renatured proteins exhibited hemolytic activity except for TLH in the presence of phosphatidylcholine. These results not only are helpful for better understanding these genes’ functions under a single factor level, but also provide evidence for VP vaccine engineering.     

Growth,reproduction & population structure of the freshwater crabSinopotamon yangtsekiense bott, 1967, from Zhejiang,China

Monthly investigations were mae on the population of Chinese freshwater crab,Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to March, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occurred from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June–October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June–August, and crabs with young were found from July–October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-born crabs become mature after 1–2 years. The sex ratio was approximately 1∶1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution ofS. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs (over 70%) from June to October and more immature crabs (over 50%) from November to May.     

贺兰山小松山基性-超基性杂岩体岩石地球化学特征

贺兰山小松山岩体的岩石地球化学研究表明，基性岩的Mg^#为0．71～0．76，接近原生岩浆的值，超基性岩的Mg^#为0．80～0．89，具有岩浆早期堆晶的特征，稀土总量∑REE为（13．03～82．66）×10^-6；δ（Eu）为1．08～1．61，具弱正异常；（La／Yb）N为2．49～5．24，（Ce／Yb）N为3．01～4．97，配分曲线表现为轻稀土相对富集的右倾型。微量元素配分曲线图表现为大离子亲石元素富集。岩石地球化学数据综合分析证明，该岩体产于板内拉张环境，岩体形成过程中经历了岩浆分离结晶作用，后期发生了同化混染，岩体具有寻找铬-铜-镍型岩浆矿床的潜力。     

Effects of small peptides,probiotics, prebiotics,and synbiotics on growth performance,digestive enzymes,and oxidative stress in orange-spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides,juveniles reared in artificial seawater

Aquaculture production efficiency may increase by using feed additives. This study investigated the effects of different dietary additives [w/w: 2% small peptides, 0.01% probiotics( Bacillus licheniformis) and 0.2% prebiotics(inulin)] on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and oxidative stress in juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial seawater of two salt concentrations(13.5 vs. 28.5). Weight gain rate was significantly higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides, B. licheniformis, inulin, or synbiotics than that in fish fed the basal diet; the greatest weight gain rate was found in fish fed the small peptide treatment [56.0% higher than basal diet]. Higher feed efficiency was detected in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides than that of fish in the other dietary treatments. Total protease activity in the stomach and intestines was highest in fish fed the small peptide-treated diet, whereas lipase activity was highest in those fed synbiotics(combination of Bacillus licheniformis and inulin) than that in fish fed the other treatments. Antioxidant enzyme(total superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde content were higher in fish receiving the dietary supplements and maintained in artificial seawater containing 13.5 salinity compared with those in the control(28.5). Hepatic catalase activity in grouper fed the diets with small peptides or synbiotics decreased significantly compared with that in control fish. Overall, the three types of additives improved growth rate of juvenile grouper and digestive enzymes activities to varying degrees but did not effectively improve antioxidant capacity under low-salinity stress conditions.     

Estimation of Age,Growth and Maturation of Purpleback Flying Squid,Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis,in Bashi Channel,Central Pacific Ocean

The age, growth and maturation of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis were determined with statolith data collected with a light purse seine from the Bashi Channel of central Pacific Ocean. The estimated longevity of the squid was no more than 6 months for females, and no more than 5 months for males. Growth in mantle length(ML) was best described by logistic models for both females and males, while growth in body weight(BW) was best fitted by power curves. The maximum absolute growth rate(AGR) and instantaneous growth rate(IGR) in ML or BW both occurred at 91–105 days for females and 76–90 days for males. Back calculated hatching dates were from October to January, with a peak in December, although the short duration of sampling date might have had an influence on the result. The lower percentage of mature females(37.2%) suggested that the study area during the sampling date was not a spawning ground for the species. Size and age at first maturity were 183 mm ML and 136 days for females, whereas they were 156 mm ML and 85 days for males.     

Recruitment of postlarval prawns,Penaeus Orientalis,to a tidal estuary of Jiaozhou Bay,China

PostlarvalPenaeus orientalis kishinouye were simultaneously sampled at three fixed stations near the mouth of the Dagu River estuary in northwestern Jiaozhou Bay, China, at hourly intervals over a 49-h period in mid-June, 1984. The purpose of this sampling was to investigate the prawn’s recruitment into estuaries from coastal areas. The abundance of the postlarvae varied considerably between stations and time, but they tended to concentrate at the surface. Maximum entropy spectral analysis was first applied in the study of prawn recruitment and it revealed that variations in abundance involved a pronounced 12.4 hr cycle. It was concluded that natural tidal cycles had a strong influence on the changes of postlarval abundance, in contrast with the minor effects of diet and other environmental cycles. A tidally varying cross-river gradient of postlarval density was found. During flood tides the postlarvae were more abundant in the axis of the channel than over the banks. The opposite held true during ebb tides. Mechanisms of the postlarval recruitment are discussed in terms of alternating movements of the postlarvae between the banks and the channels in response to tidal cycles. Contribution No. 1485 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FRACTIONATIONS OF Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn AND Ni AND SOIL PROPERTIES IN URBAN SOILS OF CHANGCHUN, CHINA

1IN T R O D U C T IO N With therapiddevelopment of urbanizatio,nurban land was exploitedand utilizetdoform differendtomains be- ing subjectto many potentialpollutionsourcessuch as vehicleemission, industrialactivitieasnd household garbage.Particularl, yur…