几株虾病病原菌的有效抗菌药物研究

针对当前对虾疾病治疗中存在的无的放矢使用药物、乱投滥用药物、随意混用药物等问题,作者研究了几株虾病病原菌对35种抗菌药物的敏感性;测定了几种抗菌作用显著、价格低廉的药物对不同菌株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC);进行了两种药物的联合抗菌作用试验;并研究了不同菌浓度对     

海水网箱养殖高体鬍弧菌病药物治疗的实验研究

研究了高体Serioladumerili弧菌病致病菌对 30种抗菌药物的敏感性 ,测定了磺胺类药物、先锋必素等 4种抗菌性较强的抗菌药物对该菌的最低抑菌浓度 (MIC)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC)以及最小抑菌时间 (MIT)。磺胺类药物的MIC和MBC最低 ,MIT最小。进一步的小型治疗实验结果表明 ,磺胺类药物能有效地控制高体弧菌病的发生 ,对该病的治愈率达75% ,是治疗高体弧菌病的首选药物。文中还强调了对养殖环境中致病菌的浓度进行监测和控制的重要性。     

海水网箱养殖高体Shi弧菌病药物治疗的实验研究

研究了高体ＳｈｉＳｅｒｉｏｌａ ｄｕｍｅｒｉｌｉ力病致病菌对３０种抗菌药物的敏感性,测定磺胺类药物、先锋必要素等４种抗菌性较强的药物对该菌的最低抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）、最低杀菌浓度（ＭＢＣ）以及最小抑菌时间（ＭＩＴ）。磺胺类药物的ＭＩＣ和ＭＢＣ最低,ＭＴＴ最小。进一步的小型治疗实验结果表明,磺胺类药物能有效地控制高体Ｓｈｉ弧菌病的发生,以该病的治愈率达７５％,是治疗高体Ｓｈｉ弧菌病的首选药物。中还强     

欧洲鳗病原菌控菌药物的研究

应用药敏纸片法测定２４种抗菌药物对欧洲鳗致病菌：非０１群霍乱弧菌、温和气单胞菌、鲁氏不动杆菌、迟钝爱德华氏菌和嗜水气单胞菌的敏感性。其中,诺氟沙星、四环素、头孢三嗪、庆大霉素、头孢噻肟抑菌能力较强。最低抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）和最低杀菌浓度（ＭＢＣ）测定结果表明孢三嗪对病原菌能力强。最低抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）和最低杀菌浓度（ＭＢＣ）测定结果表明,头孢三嗪对病原菌杀灭能力强,复方新诺明、硫酸庆大霉素对病原菌抑     

刺参吐脏再生对胰蛋白酶活性影响的研究

本实验研究了吐脏及再生过程对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)生长、消化生理及体成分的影响。实验分两个阶段,阶段一刺参被投喂通过添加鱼粉提高蛋白水平的饲料56 d,阶段二设置4个处理组,进行转食低蛋白饲料处理(转食单处理组)、吐脏处理(吐脏单处理组)、吐脏后转食低蛋白饲料处理(吐脏转食组)或不做处理(对照组),饲养100 d,并测定刺参的特定生长率(SGR)、胰蛋白酶活性和体壁蛋白含量。结果表明:(1)吐脏处理后刺参SGR呈明显的时间变化,前28 d呈现负增长,第28～42天恢复正生长,并于第56天后出现快速补偿生长,显著高于未吐脏刺参(P0.05)。(2)高蛋白饲料更有利于刺参吐脏后的再生恢复,吐脏处理对刺参整体实验阶段的SGR无显著性影响(P=0.271),但会显著提高体壁蛋白含量(P0.05)。(3)对照组刺参酶活性随时间平稳波动;转食单处理组刺参酶活在转食低蛋白饲料后前35 d始终高于对照组且呈现波动下降,并于第49天后持续低于对照组,呈现出具有规律的蛋白酶可塑性;吐脏处理组,刺参吐脏后第28天已再生出完整的新生肠道,新生肠道前期并不具有胰蛋白酶可塑性,直至再生后第70天方观察到消化酶对饲料的适应性调节。本研究结果表明:刺参吐脏再生过程能显著影响刺参的生长及消化生理,吐脏后42 d可从生长及酶活角度认为其新生肠道已具有与未吐脏肠道一样的消化能力,但吐脏后70 d方能观察到新生肠道的可塑性表现,研究结果将有助于进一步探讨刺参吐脏后肠道的修复能力,为刺参养殖提供一定的理论依据。     

11种天然药物对弧菌的体外抑制效果的观察

于１９９１年３－４月应用纸片法定量测定了海洋及陆地来源的１１种天然药物提取物地中国对虾的主要致病菌－弧菌的体外抑制效果，结果表明，对弧菌高度敏感的药物有５种，中度敏感的药物有３种，不敏感药物有３种，并且５种高度敏感药物的抑菌效果均优于绝大多数抗菌素。为在对虾养殖中选择高效，低毒的天然抗菌药物提供科学依据。     

鳗鲡气单胞菌引起的烂尾病病原菌抑菌药物的研究

应用药敏纸片法研究了三株烂尾病病原菌（气单胞菌）对３１种药物及不同配合药物的敏感性，测定了４种药物及配合药物ＨＰ对三株菌的最低抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）及最低杀菌浓度（ＭＢＣ）。结果表明，配合药物ＨＰ具较强的抑菌能力。     

转录组测序解析刺参波里氏囊腔与体腔中体腔细胞对吐脏胁迫的响应差异

刺参的体腔细胞大量存在于体腔液与水管系统内,广泛参与机体的营养输送、代谢以及免疫等多种功能。刺参吐脏时,体腔中体腔细胞近乎排尽,而后迅速恢复。波里氏囊是刺参吐脏后仅存的内脏器官,囊腔内体腔细胞在吐脏后也快速增加,表现出积极的响应。为研究探讨刺参吐脏后再生早期体腔细胞快速增加的作用与意义,本文分别对刺参吐脏后6 h与吐脏前波里氏囊腔和体腔中体腔细胞进行转录组测序,比较了波里氏囊腔与体腔中体腔细胞在吐脏胁迫下的基因表达变化。结果显示,波里氏囊腔内体腔细胞在吐脏前后有267个基因显著差异表达,差异基因大量富集至GO功能注释的酶催化活性亚类以及甘氨酸、丝氨酸与苏氨酸代谢等KEGG通路。体腔中体腔细胞在吐脏前后有922个基因显著差异表达,差异基因显著富集到GO功能注释的细胞黏附、生物黏附等亚类以及细胞外基质受体互作、转化生长因子-β与FoxO等KEGG通路。研究结果对于进一步研究刺参体腔细胞的功能及揭示刺参吐脏后的再生机制提供了重要基础。     

扭肚藤水煎液体外抗菌活性研究

目的：研究扭肚藤水煎液对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠埃希氏菌的体外抗菌活性，为临床规范使用该药提供实验依据。方法：制备扭肚藤水煎液，采用牛津杯法初筛检测其抑菌作用，再分别应用液体培养基2倍稀释法和琼脂平板法检测其最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果：扭肚藤水煎液对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠埃希氏菌均有较强的抑菌作用。扭肚藤提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌MIC为62.5mg/L，MBC为125mg/ml；对大肠埃希菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的MIC均为125mg/L，MBC均为250mg/ml。     

海参纲动物的吐脏再生

随着现代生命科学的迅猛发展,海参表现出的极强生命现象--再生,引起了生物学家的广泛兴趣、并被作为器官再生的模型来研究.当前,在我国迅速发展的刺参养殖业中,吐脏现象给养殖者造成了很大困惑.为了搞清刺参吐脏的原因、过程及影响因子,结合对中国北方养殖刺参的吐脏再生过程研究结果、参考国内外有关文献,综述了海参再生器官的细胞起源、迁移与增殖机理,以为刺参养殖提供理论参考.     

Studies on hybridization effects of different geographic populations of Chlamys farreri Ⅱ. The medium-term growth and development of Chlamys farreri populations from China and Russia and their reciprocal crosses

Abstract-Based on the research of juvenile (2, 3, 4 months) growth and survival of three popu-lations of two different geographic areas in Chlamys farreri from Russian and China and their F_1 hybridsderived from Chinese cultural population (CC)×Russian population (RW), Chinese wild popu-lation (CW)×Russian population (RW), Russian population (RW)×Chinese wild popula-tion (CW), the study of the medium-term (6, 8, 10, 12 months) growth and development ofChlamys farreri was carried out. The four determined results indicated that there existed different ex-tent heterosis (3%～52%) for the growth in three types of F_1 hybrids, and the offspring derived fromCC×R had a stronger heterosis among the crosses at the medium-term; the uptrend among traitsare wet weight>shell width>shell length>shell height, Chinese cultural population could be recog-nized as excellent parent, and seasonal variations influence very much on the daily increment and growthrate of each trait of Chlamys farreri and it is only able to     

Effect of Industrial Effluents on Embryos of Lefteye Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Industrial effluents are one of the main pollutants leading to marine pollution, especially in the littorals with highly dense population and developed industries[1]. Dyeing, electroplating and pesticide effluents are all common industrial effluents, liable to enter inshore sea area. Generally, the supervision of effluents could be carried out through chemical analysis. The determined results, however, cannot directly reflect the effects of effluents on aquatic organisms. In this respect, bioa…     

山东近岸黄海海域初级生产力的时空分布变化研究

于2006年8月(夏季)、2006年12月(冬季)、2007年4月(春季)、2007年10月(秋季)对山东黄海近岸初级生产力的分布进行了4个航次的调查,并对其时空分布特征进行了分析.结果显示:(1) 调查海域春、夏、秋、冬4个航次的初级生产力平均值分别为808.798,372.23,324.717和246.146 mg·m-2·d-1,春季的初级生产力最高,冬季的最低.(2) 春、夏、秋季初级生产力的变化在水平方向上总体呈现出近岸高于远岸的分布特征,而冬季的变化趋势正好相反;在垂直分布上,4个航次初级生产力均以相对海平面光强30%～10%的水层为最高,其中夏季初级生产力分层现象明显,春、秋、冬季各水层间的差异不显著.(3) 环境因子的变化对初级生产力的作用不同,利用同化指数法求得的初级生产力比14C同位素示踪法测得的数值高出1～70倍.     

Spatial Distribution of Polychlorinated Biphenyls （PCBs） Contaminants in the Tidal-flat Sediments of Yangtze Estuary

1 IntroductionYangtze River estuary is the biggest one in China, and there are domestic and manufactural rubbish disposal sites for Shanghai city in this tidal-flat. The Shanghai city, the whole Yangtze delta, or even all the Yangtze basin, will be PCBs contaminant sources of Yangtze estuary tidal-flat[1]. According to literatures so far, only two investigations for waters have included PCBs in the Yangtze estuary[2, 3]. No PCBs pollution of the tidal-flat sediments has been reported…     

Studies on filtration rate in four species of suspension feeding bivalves

The filtration rates of four kinds of bivalves that were cultivated dominantly around Xiamen sea area were measured by using a laboratory flowing system. The experimental results were shown below: (1) Filtration rates were measured in the range of 54 - 74.8 ml/ (g·min) among the four bivalves , sequencing descently Saccostrea cucullata > Sinonovacula constricta > Mytilus viridis > Rudi-tapes philippinarum. (2) The relationship between filtration rates on individual size showed a negative exponential function (FR = aW~b, FR' = aW~(b-1)), with b - 1 =- 0.435 6 and -0.392. (3) Filtration rates on Skeletonema costatum were much higher than on Alexandrium tamarensis and Scripp-silla trochoidea inS. cucullata and R. philippinarum. (4)FR'on algal densities was also shown a negative function (FR' = aD~(b-1)), with b -1 =- 0.143 and -0.215 2 in S. cucullata and R. philippinarum , respectively.     

Distribution characteristics of zooplankton biomass in the East China Sea

On the basis of the data of oceanographic survey in the East China Sea in four seasons during 1997-2000 (23°30'~33°00'N, 118°30'-128°E), the variation of total biomass and diet biomass of zooplankton and their spatial-temporal distribution and relationship with the fishing ground of Engraulis japonicus are approached and analyzed. The results show that the average biomass is 65.32 mg/m3 in four seasons, autumn (86.18 mg/m3) being greater than summer (69.18 mg/m3) greater than spring (55.67 mg/m3) greater than winter (50.33 mg/m3). The average value of diet zooplankton biomass is 40.9 mg/m3. The trends of horizontal distribution both in the total biomass and the diet biomass of zooplankton are similar. The high biomass region (250-500 mg/m3) is very limited, only accounting for 1% of the investigation area. Seasonal variation of the biomass is very remarkable in the west and north parts of East China Sea coastal waters ( 29°30'N,125°E). The horizontal distribution of diet zooplankton depends on the     

The effect of chlorine and chlorine dioxide on pathogenic free‐living amoebae (PFLA) in simulated natural conditions: The presence of bacteria and organic matter

Bacteria and bovine faecal matter were introduced into cultures of pathogenic free‐living amoebae, with chlorine or chlorine dioxide. The bacteria and faeces were to simulate natural conditions for a more exacting test of disinfectant demand when compared to axenic conditions. Both chlorine and chlorine dioxide were effective disinfectants under all conditions tested. Axenically and monoxenically cultured amoebae were used, the latter exerted a greater disinfectant demand.     

罗非鱼嗅觉对15种常见氨基酸的RSE探讨

用15种常见氨基酸刺激罗非鱼嗅上皮，观察由此引起的嗅电反应(嗅电图，下简EOG)，研究各种氨基酸对嗅觉的相对有效刺激性(下简RSE).结果表明①15种氨基酸对鱼类嗅觉的RSE顺序如下L-Ser＞L-Met＞L-Lys＞ DL-Met＞L-Arg＞DL-Ser＞L-Cys＞L-Asn＞L-Thr＞L-His＞ L-Ala＞L-Glu＞DL-Pho＞L-Phe＞L-Asp;②在6种鱼类必需氨基酸中，RSE的排列顺序为L-Met＞L-Lys＞L-Arg＞L-Thr＞L-His＞L-Phe;③氨基酸对鱼类嗅觉的RSE与其结构有关.     

珠江口荷包岛近岸海域沉积物重金属分布及其潜在生态危害评价

本文采用2008年在珠江口荷包岛近岸海域的调查数据,对表层沉积物重金属的分布特征及重金属与TOC的相关性进行了分析,并采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对其生态危害程度进行了评价。结果表明:重金属Cd,Hg,Cr和As四种元素分布基本呈现荷包岛近岸海域较高的特点,重金属Zn,Pb和Cu的分布没有明显规律;重金属富集顺序为Cd＞Zn＞Cu＞Hg＞As＞Cr＞Pb。相关性研究表明,重金属Cu与Zn显著相关,Hg,Cr,Cd和As极显著相关;有机质是影响沉积物重金属迁移和转化的重要因素。潜在生态危害评价结果表明,荷包岛近岸海域表层沉积物重金属总体潜在生态危害轻微;各重金属生态危害程度顺序为Cd＞Hg＞As＞Pb＞Cu＞Cr＞Zn;对荷包岛近岸海域生态环境具有潜在生态危害的重金属主要是Cd和Hg。     

Identification of Provocentrum minimum and Takayama pulchella by fluorescence in situ hybridization through epifluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry

Partial rDNA sequences of Prorocentrum minimum and Takayama pulchella were amplified,cloned and sequenced,and these sequence data were deposited in the GenBank.Eight oligonucleotide probes(DNA probes)were designed based on the sequence analysis.The probes were employed to detect and identify P.minimum and T. pulchella in unialgal and mixed algal samples with a fuorescence in situ hybridization method using flow cytometry.Epifluorescence micrographs showed that these specific probes labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate entered the algal cells and bound to target sequences,and the fluorescence signal resulting from whole-cell hybridization varied from probe to probe.These DNA probes and the hybridization protocol we developed were specific and effective for P.minimum and T. pulchella,without any specific binding to other algal species.The hyrbridization efficiency of difierent probes specific to P.minimum was in the order:PMl8S02＞PM28S02＞PM28S01＞PM18S01,and that of the probes specific to T. pulchella was TP18S02＞TP28S01＞TP28S02＞TP18S01.The djfferent hybridization efficiency of the DNA probes could also be shown in the fuorescent signals between the labeled and unlabeled cells demonstrated using flow cytometry.The DNA probes PM18S02,PM28S02,TPl8S02 and TP28S01,and the protocol,were also useful for the detection of algae in natural samples.