基于VML标记语言的自动气象站监控

使用在WEB上通用的VML标记语言,在光栅化地图上实时显示气象自动站监控点的观测要素,从而实现对气象自动站的实时监测,及时了解气象自动站的观测要素变化以及工作状态,当某一个自动站资料出现问题,系统将自动报警,提醒监控人员进行处理。提高对气象自动站有效管理,及时排除故障,保障气象自动站持续稳定的运行。     

河南省气象技术装备监控管理系统

采用Web和数据库技术建立的河南省气象技术装备监控管理系统,实现了对自动气象站、区域自动气象站、雷电监测设备、自动土壤水分站、新一代天气雷达等气象装备运行状态的实时监控,省、市级保障管理部门对辖区内仪器库存、设备维修以及检定情况的管理,以及设备故障的网上申报、故障解决方案的网上在线指导、故障维修的经验积累.系统建成后,...     

汉中ＤＬＰ大屏投影系统简介

目前,随着气象业务现代化的不断发展,卫星、雷达、自动站、区域站等现代化设备在气象领域大量投入使用,气象监测、探测信息在时间和空间尺度均成倍增加,随之而来各种气象信息也大量涌来,这些信息在预报制作和气象服务中     

如何保证自动气象站采集数据正常

横山县气象站为国家基本站 ,也是陕西首批进入单轨运行的自动气象站之一。要保障自动站采集数据正常和及时上传气象数据 ,除了对自动站的台站参数设置正确 ,做好自动站仪器、设备日常规范维护和监视每正点采集实时数据 ,做到及时卸载并形成上传文件的同时 ,还应做好以下几点。1     

浅谈区域气象观测网建设及管理维护对策

2005年开始广西各地根据自己的情况,进行了区域自动站的建设,以解决中小尺度的天气系统监测问题。中国气象局在2008年启动的气象监测和灾害预警工程,地面气象观测部分的建设,是气象灾害监测系统的重要内容。目前,国内气象部门的区域自动监测网已初步建成,利用GPRS和国家主骨干网实时收集资料,进行有效的维护管理是充分发挥区域气象观测网作用的主要环节也是难点,调研各地的区域自动站网存在的问题,在建设和管理方面提出对策,对各地的相关业务的良性运行有一定的积极作用。     

CAWS6OO系列自动站“打开自动站失败”故障检测处理

CAWS600自动气象站在运行气象业务测报软件的“自动气象站监控软件”时会出现“打开自动站失败”的提示，本文通过对故障的检测过程，探讨自动站设备（除传感器外）的检测方法。[第一段]     

Ⅱ型自动站运行中的问题及处理方法

随着气象业务现代化的飞速发展，全国大部分省份都安装了Ⅱ型自动站(以下简称自动站)。自动站具有显而易见的优点：操作简单，仪器维护方便，配备有微机自动处理终端，自动化程度较高，观测人员劳动量大大减小，但自动站在我国刚刚起步，运行中存在诸多问题。本文针对其运行中出现的问题，提出相应的解决办法。     

市级自动气象站实时数据库系统

市级自动气象站数据库中建立了自动站分钟、小时各气象要素实时数据库;用N etF ram eW ork框架技术开发了运行于自动站主机上的数据实时入库程序;开发了自动站数据实时显示程序,以图形、曲线和表格形式实时显示分钟、小时等数据;并可对数据作分析查询。使用结果表明:市级自动站数据库系统可减轻自动站和网络负荷,为各种应用提供方便高效的实时自动站气象信息,实现了资源共享。     

钉钉机器人在气象设备和网络监控中的应用

为保证各类气象设备和网络稳定运行,出现故障及时通知到人,针对目前气象设备监视和报警存在的问题,设计开发气象设备及网络监控报警软件,出现异常情况通过钉钉机器人开放接口发送报警信息到手机和电脑钉钉群,提醒业务人员及时处理故障,实现气象设备、网络情况自动监控,自动报警功能。通过业务运行表明,该软件在气象设备及网络监控业务中能提高发现设备和网络故障的时效,自动化程度高,缩短了维护人员处理故障的时效性,是钉钉机器人在气象设备和网络监测报警应用的积极探索。     

广州自动气象观测站要素统计查询系统

广州市气象自动站要素统计查询系统针对广州地区自动站和本地业务进行设计，它以简单、直观的操作使预报员在日常天气监测预报业务中能简单、快捷、灵活地浏览和监测广州各站自动站的数据，及时开展如预警信号的发布等业务。     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...