酸碱溶液作用下尾矿砂压缩特性的试验分析

为研究不同pH值酸碱溶液对尾矿砂压缩特性的影响,通过应用自行研发的固结渗透装置,对采自辽宁省铁岭市红印尾矿库尾矿砂进行试验研究,测得不同pH值酸碱溶液浸泡后的尾矿砂孔隙比,压缩系数及压缩模量等参数随pH值变化的规律,结果表明:酸碱溶液浸泡后的尾矿砂在固结压力的作用下,初期变化速度很快,然后逐渐趋于平稳;且酸溶液浸泡后的尾矿砂孔隙比最小,蒸馏水浸泡后的尾矿砂孔隙比最大;酸(碱)溶液pH值与尾矿砂压缩系数呈单调递增(减)关系;酸碱溶液浸泡过尾矿砂的压缩模量比原状土大.实验所得的这些参数随pH值变化规律为研究尾矿坝整体稳定提供了一定的理论依据.     

铜镍尾矿砂微波加热硫酸溶解实验研究

通过尾矿砂微波加热硫酸溶解新方法的实验,研究了硫酸浓度、液固比及反应时间等因素对尾矿砂酸蚀率的影响。结果显示,在无需搅拌的情况下,微波加热实验的最佳条件酸浓度5mol/L、液固比5.0mL/g都较传统水热法有优势,在反应时间上,微波加热15min就能达到传统水热法2～3h的效果。在酸蚀率相同的情况下,微波加热所用时间仅为传统水热法的1/6,而所用的酸浓度、液固比都较传统水热法小很多。先对尾矿砂直接微波辐照一段时间,然后再加入硫酸进行微波辐照加热溶解,能够促进尾矿砂的溶解,提高尾矿砂的酸蚀率。微波加热条件下,尾矿砂在硫酸浓度8mol/L、液固比5.0mL/g条件下无需搅拌,反应1h后,除透闪石没有完全溶解外,绝大部分的矿物被溶解。与传统加热方式相比,微波加热可显著提高尾矿砂酸溶解速率。     

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans-硫酸酸溶联合浸出金川铜镍硫化矿尾矿砂实验研究

金川铜镍硫化矿尾矿砂富含Cu、Ni和Co等金属,为对其进行回收,对新尾矿库不同深度的尾矿砂分别进行了直接硫酸酸溶浸出与A.f.-硫酸酸溶联合浸出实验,利用ICP-AES分析了不同阶段浸出液中Cu2+、Ni2+、Co2+含量。实验结果表明,A.f.-硫酸酸溶联合浸出工艺对尾矿砂中有价金属Cu、Ni和Co的浸出效果优于单独酸溶浸出工艺。其中,A.f.-硫酸酸溶联合浸出法对1m深度的尾矿砂中Cu、Ni、Co的浸出率最高,分别达到95.78%、98.01%和75.13%,而单独硫酸酸溶作用的离子浸出率分别为75.69%、74.33%和42.33%。     

金川镍矿尾矿砂矿物组成特征与酸溶特性研究

金属矿山生产产生大量的尾矿,不但危害周围生态环境,而且对资源造成极大浪费。金川镍矿尾矿砂Ni、Cu和Co的平均含量分别达到0.21%、0.19%和0.01%,是够得上二次开发利用的宝贵资源。文中对金川镍矿尾矿砂矿物组成特征及酸溶特性进行了详细的研究,目的是为工业化高效回收尾矿砂中Ni、Cu和Co等有价金属提供科学依据与技术支撑。矿物学研究表明,金川镍矿尾矿砂主要由蛇纹石、绿泥石、橄榄石、辉石、透闪石、磁铁矿、白云石及少量磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿和黄铜矿等组成。经多年露天堆存,金川镍矿老尾矿库尾矿砂已发生不同程度的氧化作用。尾矿库3 m以上为强烈氧化带,金属硫化物矿物颗粒边缘、裂缝处基本都有强烈的氧化作用发生。碳酸盐等易溶矿物被大量消耗。硫酸溶解实验表明,金川镍矿老尾矿库尾矿砂中有价金属Cu、Ni和Co的平均浸出率分别可达88.6%、75.3% 和70.8%。尾矿砂中Cu、Ni和Co有价金属的浸出效果不但清楚直观地反映了尾矿库中尾矿砂的氧化程度,而且表明金属硫化物尾矿砂的风化作用,极大地促进了硫化物矿物中有价金属的酸溶浸出。     

SGO渗滤氰化技术在处理低品位金矿生产中的应用

SGO渗滤氰化技术工艺是在传统渗滤氰化工艺基础上，通过技术改进的一种加工处理金矿的新方法。该技术在氰化工艺理论基础上，成功地实现了双向自然加压供氧新工艺，使氰化浸出液保持了充足的溶解氧，从而提高了氰化浸出率和选矿回收率，拓宽了渗滤氰化法加工金矿石的使用范围，为小规模、低品位金矿资源的开发利用提供了行之有效的处理方法。1工艺流程及应用结果1．1工艺技术基本原理在澎滤浸出池中，稀碱性氰化物溶液对一定粒度的含金矿砂有优先溶解作用，在有氧（或氧化剂）存在时，可生成一份金的络合物。其反应如下：1．2低品位金矿氰…     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌促进金川铜镍硫化矿尾矿砂提取有价金属实验研究

金川铜镍硫化矿尾矿砂数量巨大,其中Ni、Cu和Co等有价金属种类较多,含量较为丰富,蕴含着巨大的经济价值。本文研究了氧化亚铁硫杆菌对金川铜镍尾矿砂提取有价金属效果的影响,在选取金川新尾矿库中心钻孔尾矿砂样品与氧化亚铁硫杆菌作用不同时间的基础上进行化学酸溶,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)分析了溶液中Cu²⁺、Ni²⁺、Co²⁺含量,并通过离子浸出率来表征微生物对尾矿中有价金属提取的影响效果。结果表明,尾矿砂直接化学酸溶后Cu²⁺、Ni²⁺浸出率分别为73.78%和69.87%,Co²⁺浸出率仅为39.57%;而氧化亚铁硫杆菌先与尾矿砂作用后再进行硫酸酸溶,其Cu²⁺、Ni²⁺总浸出率均可达到90%以上,Co²⁺总浸出率也可达到70%以上。实验结果证明氧化亚铁硫杆菌的参与促进了尾矿砂中Cu²⁺、Ni²⁺、Co²⁺的浸出。     

冶炼废渣综合回收铀、铌、钽和锡

根据某冶炼尾渣的成分和矿物特性,研究了铀、铌、钽和锡的回收工艺。开发出酸浸提铀-重选抛尾-弱磁选回收铌、钽一强磁选除铁回收锡的联合工艺流程。铀浸出率大于80％;铌、钽品位大于31％,回收率大于80％;锡精矿品位大于62％,回收率大于65％,锡精矿经放射性去污后,其放射性水平基本符合有色冶金行业标准。     

微生物胶结砂岩型铀矿砂的抗渗性能试验研究

地浸采铀产生的污染物通过渗透迁移作用威胁地下水资源,已成为制约地浸采铀技术发展的瓶颈,而微生物胶结技术能有效地降低砂岩铀矿的渗透性,是目前抑制污染物向采区周围地下水迁移的有效方法。因此,选用巴氏芽孢杆菌,分析其耐酸性;利用自行研制的砂岩型铀矿砂渗透系数试验装置,测得不同胶结液浓度、不同菌液与胶结液体积比以及不同注浆轮次条件下砂岩型铀矿砂的渗透系数,确定其最优的参数配比;采用扫描电镜（scanning election microscopy,简称 SEM）和X射线衍射光谱（X-ray diffraction,简称 XRD）等设备,表征微生物胶结前后铀矿砂的矿物成分及其微观结构,研究其微生物胶结抗渗机制。研究结果表明：巴氏芽孢杆菌在 pH = 4 时仍具有较好的繁殖能力和脲酶活性,能适应铀矿砂的酸性环境;在一定范围内增大胶结液浓度、菌液与胶结液的体积比可以促进碳酸钙的生成,最佳的胶结液浓度为 1 mol/L、菌液与胶结液体积比为1:3、注浆轮次为7时,注浆后铀矿砂的减渗率达到 95.33%;胶结后铀矿砂的渗透系数随注浆轮次的增加而降低,经过11轮注浆后铀矿砂的减渗率高达99.75%,渗透系数下降到 2.8×10⁻⁵ cm/s;沉积的碳酸钙晶型主要为方解石,方解石堵塞铀矿砂粒间孔隙,并将矿砂颗粒胶结成整体,是铀矿砂渗透系数降低的主要原因。微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀胶结铀矿砂的抗渗机制为控制和减少地下水污染提供重要的理论指导。     

富里酸污染红黏土抗剪强度试验研究

通过在红黏土中掺入不同含量富里酸粉末制样,并对试样采用蒸馏水饱和浸泡,对浸泡龄期为7 d、14 d和28 d的试样进行直剪试验,分析不同富里酸掺入量和浸泡时间对红黏土试样抗剪强度的影响。试验结果表明,富里酸的掺入会降低土样的抗剪强度,土样的黏聚力随富里酸掺入量增加而提高,内摩擦角则随富里酸含量的增加而逐渐降低,相同富里酸掺入量下,浸泡时间越长,黏聚力越大,内摩擦角则越小。富里酸分子的羧基、羟基、羰基、甲氧基等活性官能团与土体矿物表面形成吸附作用,使得富里酸包裹在土颗粒表面,对土颗粒间形成联结作用,从而影响土体的抗剪强度指标。     

翁泉沟硼矿物相分析方法研究

对翁泉沟硼矿采集的4个矿石样品进行测试,分析得出其主要成分由硼镁石Mg₂[B₂O₄（OH）]（OH）和硼镁铁矿（Mg,Fe）₂Fe（BO₃）O₂组成.本物相分析方法通过对样品进行湿法磁选、酸溶方法测定硼镁铁矿中的硼元素.磁选后残渣经酸溶测定硼镁石中硼元素,结果显示其组分与实际地质成矿组分相吻合.实验证明本测试方法对硼矿石物相及硼矿物在自然界中的赋存状态测定分析快速、准确,为当前的硼矿石研究提供了新的思路,能够满足测试要求.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)