环境样品中痕量元素的化学形态分析Ⅰ．分析技术在化学形态分析中的应用

文章介绍了形态分析的基本概念,常用的联用分析技术,如气相色谱原子吸收光谱、气相色谱原子荧光光谱、气相色谱微波诱导等离子体原子发射光谱、气相色谱电感耦合等离子体质谱、高效液相色谱电感耦合等离子体质谱等在环境样品(水、土壤、沉积物)中痕量元素化学形态(价态、金属有机化合物等)分析中的应用,土壤和沉积物中污染元素的顺序提取步骤,以形态分析发展动态。引用文献72篇。     

无机多元素现代仪器分析技术

本文重点介绍地质领域目前广泛应用的无机多元素现代仪器分析技术,包括电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)、电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、原子吸收光谱(AAS)、原子荧光光谱(AFS)、电子探针分析技术和共享平台的建立、激光剥蚀等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)微区原位分析技术以...     

新书介绍

电感耦合等离子体质谱原理和应用李冰杨红霞编著内容简介:本书全面介绍了电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)的仪器结构和基本原理,以四极杆ICP-MS为主,同时对近年来发展的其他类型的ICP-MS仪器进行了简要介绍。以地质应用为主,介绍了几种痕量超痕量元素分析方法及应用全书共分12章:绪论,包括ICP-MS的起源、现状与发展趋势;ICP-QMS仪器结构和基本原理;ICP-MS分析性能与基本概念;扇形磁场等离子体质谱仪;飞行时间等离子体质谱;激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱;ICP-MS中的干扰;常用的地质样品处理方法;地质样品中痕量超痕量元素分析;…     

模拟CO_2埋藏的煤储层元素迁移实验研究

采用高压超临界CO2地球化学反应器对CO2在煤储层中的地质埋藏进行模拟,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)以及电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分别对淋滤液和煤样中的10种微量元素进行测试,对煤中微量元素在CO2的地质埋藏过程中的迁移进行了实验研究。结果表明:在CO2的地质埋藏过程中对煤的有机组成和无机矿物等均具有改造作用,从而影响到煤中微量元素的赋存和迁移特征,Cr、Zn、Cu等元素迁移能力相对较强,而Co、Ba、V等元素相对较弱;元素迁移能力大小顺序为:CrZnCuNiCdMnCoBaV。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术在元素形态分析中的应用进展

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)作为一种高灵敏度的分析技术在痕量超痕量无机元素分析方面已被广泛应用,其与色谱分离技术相结合为元素形态分析提供了强有力的检测工具。本文阐述了近年来利用不同ICP-MS联用技术进行元素形态分析的研究进展,主要包括:(1)气相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术(GC-ICP-MS);(2)毛细管电泳-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术(CE-ICP-MS);(3)离子色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术(IC-ICP-MS);(4)高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术(HPLC-ICP-MS)。在此基础上归纳总结了中国元素形态分析领域的主要研究情况,对元素形态分析发展前景作了展望。这些联用技术中,GC-ICP-MS的灵敏度高,样品传输率接近100%,但其适用于易挥发或中等挥发性样品的分离,应用范围相对较窄;CE-ICP-MS的分离效率高,样品和试剂消耗量少,但受到其进样量限制使得最低检出浓度较大;IC-ICP-MS主要分析阴离子和阳离子及小分子极性化合物,是液相色谱的有益补充,具有分离效果好和快速方便等优点,但离子色谱流动相中的盐类会造成ICP-MS进样管和采样锥的堵塞,使得基体效应严重;HPLC-ICP-MS以其广泛的应用范围、简单的接口技术,成为元素形态分析研究中应用最广泛的联用技术。本文认为,元素形态分析研究中开展复杂基体样品前处理方法研究,研制系列元素形态分析标准物质,建立多元素形态同时分析方法是元素形态分析领域的发展方向。     

彬长矿区侏罗统延安组4号煤微量元素地球化学特征

利用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)等方法对彬长矿区侏罗统延安组4号煤的23个煤样及8矸石样品进行了分析,探讨了煤及矸石中微量元素的地球化学特征,结果表明彬长矿区侏罗统延安组4号煤及矸石中Pb和Bi的含量略显富集,煤中多数元素间呈现出较高的相关性,表明具有类似的成因关系。     

硫化物矿物的主微(痕)量元素分析进展

金属或半金属元素(Fe、Mo、As、Cu、Co、Ni、Zn、Pb等)、贵金属元素(Au、Ag)和铂族元素(PGE)、稀有分散元素(Re、Ga、In等)以高浓度富集或微量赋存于硫化物矿物中,常形成具有工业意义和经济价值的大型矿床,对研究矿床成因、经济地质、环境地球化学具有重要意义。因此,对硫化物组成的精确分析是了解上述方向的重要途径。硫化物矿物的主微(痕)量元素的快速、精确定量分析一直以来备受关注,本文就近几十年来对硫化物矿物的定量分析进展作了详细介绍,重点评述了电子探针(EPMA)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS和LA-ICPMS)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)在硫化物矿物主微(痕)量分析中的应用。     

阴离子树脂-活性炭分离富集等离子体发射光谱法测定富钴锰结壳中的痕量金银铂钯

采用717阴离子树脂活性炭联合交换分离富集技术,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定富钴锰结壳中痕量金、银、铂、钯。方法检出限四元素分别为:Au1. 3、Ag0. 4、Pd0. 6、Pt4. 8ng/g。样品加标回收率在89. 0% ~110. 3%,相对标准偏差3. 5% ~7. 8% (n=4)。方法已用于富钴锰结壳中痕量金银铂钯的测定。     

生态地球化学评价湿沉降和悬浮物样品分析方法体系研究

探讨生态地球化学评价湿沉降、悬浮物样品分析体系中,进行多元素含量测定的分析测试新方法及样品的制备技术。根据待测元素的不同,分别采用微波消解、酸溶、碱熔等方法进行样品制备,使用原子荧光光谱法、离子选择电极法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法等进行样品的测定。文章系统地建立了生态地球化学评价湿沉降、悬浮物样品的多元素分析体系,利用建立的方法对不同种类的国家标准物质进行测定,结果令人满意。     

黄铁矿中毒害元素的化学形态分布及其环境学意义

<正>黄铁矿是重要的战略工业资源,工业上主要利用黄铁矿中的S和Fe。但是伴生的稀有毒害元素Tl、Cd、Pb、Cu等重金属随着矿床开采和工业利用过程大量进入环境,给环境造成巨大的威胁。本文结合化学形态分级提取技术和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法分析了广东云浮黄铁矿中稀有毒害元素Tl、Cd、Pb、Cu、Ni和Cr的地球化学形态。结果表明,稀有元素的化学形态与元素含量无关,并与黄铁矿产     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with