高密度电阻率法在垃圾填埋场渗漏检测中的应用

为检测垃圾填埋场的渗漏污染问题,基于垃圾填埋场渗漏污染特征,对高密度电阻率法在垃圾填埋场渗漏污染检测中的应用进行了深入研究,提出了一套获取高分辨率检测结果的工作模式和技术方法。实例证明,高密度电阻率法对于检测垃圾填埋场渗漏是一种行之有效、值得推广的技术方法。     

地球物理方法对垃圾填埋场探测的有效性试验研究

文中根据在河北省某市两处不同类型垃圾(建筑垃圾和生活垃圾)填埋场上采用多种地球物理方法(高密度电阻率法、探地雷达法、高精度磁测法、激发极化法和瞬变电磁法)进行试验研究所取得的实测资料,结合工作地区的地质和岩土物性特征,通过分析对比,指出了不同地球物理方法在圈定和监测垃圾填埋场的污染范围和扩散趋势等方面的作用和能力。实验证明,垃圾填埋场渗漏污染检测中,探地雷达法、高密度电阻率法、激发极化法和瞬变电磁法均有一定的效果。除高密度电阻率方法外,激发极化法在监测垃圾的污染范围和污染趋势、圈定污染程度方面,效果也很明显。     

高密度电法在河北某垃圾场污染调查中的应用分析

通过高密度电阻率法对河北某地垃圾填埋场的勘查实例,查明该垃圾填埋场垃圾栏护坝下游地下30 m以内基岩的断裂展布情况。为研究测区内水文地质条件和渗流污染状况,开展该垃圾填埋场对下游水体的污染评价,并提出修复治理方案提供依据。     

全卷积神经网络在垃圾土勘察中的应用

垃圾土与原土壤往往存在电阻率差异,常用垃圾土探测方法是高密度电阻率法和时域电磁法,而对反演结果的人工解译效率低,且准确性难以保证。通过全卷积神经网络在垃圾土勘察中的应用,识别某拆后绿地改造工程地下建构筑物垃圾土探测数据,确定垃圾土范围,表明了本方法的有效性、实用性和可靠性,为垃圾土勘察、土方量计算和改善土地性状等提供参考。     

激发极化法在吉林安图刘生店钼矿的应用

为了在吉林东部覆盖较厚地区寻找深部隐伏矿体, 在安图刘生店钼矿勘查中利用中间梯度装置激发极化法扫面, 发现了极化率为1.88% ～4.61%、电阻率为300～500Ω ·m的高极化率低阻异常。异常体上对称四极装置激电测深结果表明: 3勘查线极化体顶面埋深20 ～30 m, 底面埋深150～170 m; 11勘查线极化体顶面埋深为25～65 m, 底面埋深> 200 m。经钻探工程验证, 钼矿体的形态、产状、顶、底板的埋深与异常解译成果基本吻合。     

辽河油田兴隆台太古界古潜山储层评价标准研究

兴隆台古潜山是辽河坳陷中重要的深层潜山油藏,对提高辽河油田原油产量具有重要意义。兴隆台太古界潜山主要 储层由变质岩和岩浆岩组成,其中变质岩储层包括黑云斜长片麻岩、黑云母变粒岩、斜长角闪岩、角闪岩和混合岩。储集 空间以构造裂缝为主,储层渗透性好。在测井曲线对储层敏感因素分析的基础上,选用现有测井资料中带有裂缝信息的电 阻率、声波时差、密度、自然电位幅度差和双侧向等测井数据,应用测井交会图方法,结合试油工作的结果,寻找规律, 得出了针对兴隆台古潜山储层进行定量及定性识别和评价的标准,即：岩石密度＜2.75 g/cm3 ,自然电位幅度差≥7 Ω·m, 双侧向幅度差20~1 500 Ω·m,深侧向电阻率20~2 000 Ω·m,声波时差170~230 μs/m。通过生产测井解释数据进行了验证, 证明上述储层评价标准基本适用,为兴隆台古潜山油井调层提供了理论基础。     

土壤电阻率测量影响因素的试验研究

实验室测量的土壤电阻率准确性受到电极布置以及测试信号类型等影响。选取5种不同质地土壤,比较了四极法与二极法测量以及四极法测量中电压极探针渗入深度的影响,分析了直流信号与交流信号的测试差别以及电流强度及交流频率的影响。结果表明,二极法测量结果包含了土壤与电极的接触电阻,且随土壤含水率降低接触电阻不断增大;四极法可在电压极渗入深度较浅,即土壤扰动较小的情况下测量;土壤在直流电压下存在极化效应,土壤电阻率测量宜采用交流;土壤热容量有限,对电阻率在200 Ω•m以内的土壤测量的电流密度不宜超过1 mA/cm2;土壤电阻率随测量频率增加而逐渐下降。     

青海木里三露天天然气水合物储层测井识别与划分

三露天天然气水合物钻探结果揭示,水合物主要赋存于裂隙型和孔隙型储层中。基于钻探结果,在测井岩性识别的基础上,综合利用常规测井和超声波成像测井等资料,总结两类天然气水合物储层的测井响应特征,形成了基于测井资料的水合物储层识别方法,并对该区储层进行划分。结果表明：(1)裂隙型水合物储层比纯泥岩层段的裂隙发育;声波速度较高,范围为1.5~4.5 km/s ;电阻率最高可达90 Ω·m。孔隙型水合物储层比砂岩水层的声波速度高,范围为2.0~4.0 km/s;电阻率亦为高值,范围为90~180 Ω·m。(2)研究区14个钻孔共识别出裂隙型储层12层,孔 隙型储层15层,总厚度为217.2 m。钻遇水合物的厚层均能识别,但少量钻遇的薄层未能识别,原因可能为薄层水合物含量少,导致测井响应不明显。总体上,测井方法在三露天天然气水合 物储层识别方面应用效果良好。     

物探方法在浅源石油烃类污染探测中的应用

应用探地雷达和高密度电阻率法,在冀中平原中部某典型石油烃类污染场地进行探测,得到了浅源石油烃类污染物的异常特征。通过对探地雷达和高密度电法资料的分析,得出石油烃类污染物呈现低电阻率、低介电常数特性,根据这个特点圈定出了此污染场地内储油池区域的污染扩散晕。实践证明,这两种物探组合在此类污染场地探测中具有推广价值。     

高密度电阻率法与地质雷达法在土壤厚度调查中应用效果 ——以西昌市土壤厚度调查为例

生态地质调查是新时代地质调查工作提出的新要求,土壤厚度调查是生态地质调查的重要内容之一.为更准确地对土壤厚度开展精细探测,本文采用高密度电阻率法与地质雷达法在西昌市开展土壤与下伏基岩界线精细测量.测量结果显示:土壤层具有高阻视电阻率异常、电磁波反射信号较弱的特征,而深部基岩则表现为相对低阻视电阻率异常、电磁波反射信号表...     

内蒙古道嘎金矿区地质特征及找矿地球物理标志

道嘎金矿化区位于内蒙古自治区额济纳旗境内,地处北山成矿带东段。区内主要矿体均赋存于碎石山组浅变质碎屑岩以及华力西期闪长岩体中,矿体的产出主要受北东向和近东西向断裂构造控制。区内金矿化类型以含金石英脉型为主,主要发育角砾状含硫化物石英脉和含电气石石英脉两种类型矿石,矿床成因属中温热液脉型金矿床。选择成矿地质条件最为有利的Ⅰ号和Ⅳ号两条矿脉所在区域展开激电中梯测量工作,结果表明,已知矿脉出露附近激电异常较明显,其异常范围的视极化率在5%~9%之间,视电阻率在50~300Ω·m之间。因此,该区找矿有效的地球物理标志为低电阻高极化率异常。     

Reducing leachable petroleum hydrocarbon concentration in weathered fuel oil contaminated soil by chemical oxidation with hydrogen peroxide

Number 6 fuel oil is one of the most used energy sources for electricity generation. However, leaks can contaminate soil and also groundwater due to leaching. At old sites, the oil may have low toxicity but still contaminate groundwater with foul-tasting compounds even at low concentrations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of applying H₂O₂ to reduce the leaching potential of a fuel oil contaminated soil. A silt-loam soil was collected from a contaminated thermal-electric plant with a hydrocarbon concentration of 3.2% in soil producing 4.3 mg/l in leachate. Hydrogen peroxide was applied (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2% dry weight basis), and petroleum hydrocarbons were measured in soil and leachate pre- and post-treatment (72 h). At first, the soil and leachate concentrations diminished linearly (24.4 and 27.3% in soil and leachate, respectively). This was followed by a phase in which the concentration in leachate diminished greatly (75.8%) although the concentration in soil was reduced only moderately (15.1%). Overall, hydrocarbons in leachates were reduced 82.4% even though concentrations in soil were only reduced 35.8%. Correlation analysis showed that at only 1.0% w/w H₂O₂ a concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in leachate safe for human consumption (≤ 1 mg/l) could be obtained even with a final hydrocarbon concentration in soil > 2%. Thus, this study presents an alternative strategy for remediation of fuel oil contaminated soils in urban environments that protects water sources by focusing on contamination in leachates, without spending extra financial resources to reduce the hydrocarbon concentration in low-toxicity soil.     

Investigation of seawater intrusion in the Dibdibba Aquifer using 2D resistivity imaging in the area between Al-Zubair and Umm Qasr,southern Iraq

Electrical resistivity surveying for delineating seawater intrusion was performed in the Dibdibba aquifer in the area between the cities of Al-Zubair–Safwan and Al-Zubair–Umm Qasr in the vicinity of Khor AL-Zubair Channel, Basrah governorate, southern Iraq. Fourteen 2D resistivity profiles with a total length of 14 km were collected in the study area. The resistivity sections were compared with lithological data extracted from 11 boreholes. Thirty-nine groundwater samples were collected within the area and analyzed for chemical constituents; internal hydrogeological reports and unpublished studies were also evaluated. Results reveal the existence of three major resistivity layers, ranging from 0.1 to 130 Ωm at various depths and locations. The first layer has very low electrical resistivity (0.1–5 Ωm) representing a layer saturated with saltwater intruded from Khor AL-Zubair Channel. The second layer shows resistivity in the range of 5–130 Ωm, attributed to a transition zone and an unaffected zone saturated with brackish groundwater. The last resistivity layer (<?3 Ωm) represents coarse-grain sediments saturated with saline groundwater. Furthermore, a hard clay bed (Jojab) appears with a resistivity of 3–7 Ωm in all 2D imaging lines within a depth of 20–28 m. Electrical conductivity (EC) measurements from seven wells collected in 2014 and 2016 show a positive EC difference increasing landward with an average increase of 1927 µS/cm. In addition, six chemical relationships (Na/Cl, [Ca?+?Mg]/[HCO₃?+?SO₄], SO₄/HCO₃, SO₄/Cl, Mg/Ca and Cl/[HCO₃?+?CO₃]) are used to detect the source of salinity in groundwater. This study proves that extensive use of high-resolution 2D imaging sections, alongside lithological and hydrogeological data, can serve as a useful tool to delineate the boundaries between aquifers, identify hydraulic boundaries between groundwater with different salinities and allocate hard clay layers between the upper and lower Dibdibba aquifer. In general, the combination of 2D imaging and hydrochemistry enables conceptualization of the hydrogeological situation in the subsurface and characterization of the salinity source, here seawater intrusion, in the study area. There have been no studies published so far on the characteristics of saltwater intrusion in the study area, and this study is considered to be important for monitoring and studying the intrusion and regression of seawater.     

Electrical geophysical and hydrogeological investigations of groundwater aquifers in Ruseifa municipal landfill, Jordan

The effect of the Ruseifa municipal landfill on the shallow groundwater aquifers in the area was investigated in two separate sites. The first one was not used since 1994, whereas the other is still being used for dumping. Fourteen electrical resistivity soundings were performed to detect the leachate and its effect on the quality of the groundwater. Results indicated that the solid waste thickness of the landfill was ranged from 3 to 20 m with resistivity value less than 10 Ω m. Based on the resistivity decreases of values less than 5 Ω m, the leachate was detected in the landfill sites at depths ranged from 10 to 50 m. However, the flow direction of the leachate at depth ranging 10–20 m in the terminated site was toward north, whereas the flow direction of the leachate in the site still used for dumping was toward east–northeast which causes the major source of groundwater pollution.     

Investigation on potential groundwater impacts and influence of local hydrogeology on natural attenuation of leachate at a municipal landfill

The influence of local hydrogeology on natural attenuation of contaminants from landfill leachates in shallow aquifer underlying the active Olusosun landfill base in Lagos was investigated. In addition, the level of groundwater contamination in the vicinity of the landfill and of leachate migration pattern in groundwater down gradient of the landfill base was equally assessed. Landfill leachate and groundwater samples were collected and analyzed and characterized. Physico-chemical analyses of sampled water followed standard analytical methods. Analytical results showed a measurable impact of leachate outflows on groundwater quality. Elevated levels of anions: nitrate, chloride and sulphate in the groundwater body and heavy metals: Cr₃. Cd and Cu, were detected at measurable levels in groundwater down gradient of the landfill location without any particular attenuation pattern. The migration pattern and dispersion of leachates down gradient, 750 m away from the landfill location are irregular and difficult to predict as depicted by levels of contaminants present in groundwater. The study highlighted the importance of soil stratigraphy beneath the landfill base as an important factor in the natural attenuation of leachate constituents in the groundwater body.     

1D geoelectrical resistivity survey for groundwater studies in coastal area: A case study from Pearl city,Tamil Nadu

Geoelectrical resistivity method involving vertical electrical sounding (VES) was carried out in a sedimentary environment to determine the suitability of the method for sub-surface groundwater investigations. The EC and TDS hydrochemical data in the study area clearly showed the influence of seawater intrusion. The abundance of the major cations and anions are in the following order, Na⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Mg ²⁺ > K⁺ = Cl^- > HCO₃^- > SO₄^2- > CO₃ > NO₃ > PO₄. Results suggest that the groundwater in this study area is very hard and alkaline in nature. As indicated by Piper trilinear diagram, NaCl and Ca²⁺ - Mg²⁺–Cl^- - SO₄^2- facies are the dominant hydrochemical facies in the groundwater of Pearl city. The VES method by Schlamberger electrode array was applied in 12 locations, which is expected to represent the whole area. The resistivity meter (aquameter CRM 5OO) was used to collect the VES data by employing a Schlumberger electrode configuration, with half current electrode spacing (AB/2) ranging from 2 to 180 m and the potential electrode (MN) from 1 to 50 m. The resistivity data is then interpreted by WINSEV 1-D inversion program geoelectric software to entirely describe the aquifer system as well as the occurrence of groundwater. The outputs of sub-surface layers with resistivities and thickness presented in contour maps and 2-D views by using SURFER software were created. Accordingly, three zones with different resistivity values were detected, corresponding to three different formations: (1) a transition zone of sandy soil (aeolian deposits) thick formation, (2) strata’s saturated with fresh groundwater in the east disturbed by the presence of sandy shell limestone horizons, (3) a water-bearing formation in the west containing low saltwater horizons. The bedrock is encountered at an average depth of 95m. This study indicates that the groundwater reservoirs are mainly confined to the alluvial aquifer.     

Seasonal variations in the composition of mine drainage-contaminated groundwater in Dalarna, Sweden

Groundwater down-gradient from a mine rock dump in Dalarna, Sweden was sampled from the onset of snowmelt runoff (April) until October in order to investigate seasonal variations in groundwater composition. The results demonstrate that considerable variation in solute concentration (Al, Cu, Fe, SO₄²⁻, Zn) and acidity occurs in groundwater; the greatest change in solute concentrations occurs during the melting of the snow cover, when sulfide oxidation products are flushed from the rock dump. During this period, groundwater flow is concentrated near the soil surface with an estimated velocity of 1 m/day. Groundwater acidity varied by a factor of four closest to the rock dump during the sampling period, but these variations were attenuated with distance from the rock dump. Over a distance of 145 m, groundwater pH increases from 2.5 to 4.0 and acidity decreases from 3–13 to 0.8–1.1 meq/L, which is the combined effect of ferric iron precipitation and aluminosilicate weathering. As a result of flushing from the upper soil horizons, peaks in total organic carbon and ammonium concentrations in groundwater are observed at the end of snowmelt. In soils impacted by acidic surface runoff, the sequential extraction of C horizon soils indicates the accumulation of Cu in well-crystallized iron oxyhydroxides in the upper C horizon, while Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn accumulate in a well-crystallized iron oxyhydroxide hardpan that has formed 2.5m below the ground surface. Surface complexation modeling demonstrates that SO₄²⁻ and Cu adsorb to the abundant iron oxyhydroxides at pH < 4, while Zn adsorption in this pH range is minimal.     

Application of Visual MODFLOW to assess the Sewage Plant accident pool leakage impact on groundwater in the Guanting Reservoir area of Beijing

In this paper, Visual MODFLOW is used to simulate groundwater flow and transport within the study area based on a certain scenario, assessing the leakage impact of a Sewage Plant accidental pool on groundwater using NH₃-N as the assessment factor. In the model constructed, soil absorption and degradation was taken into account; the adsorption process of NH₃-N adopted the Langmuir equation and the degradation was simplified as a first-order dynamic reaction. The leakage process was defined as a recharge with contaminants in the case that where there are two accidents happening to the Sewage Plant within a one month interval. The result of the model indicated that the NH₃-N concentration of groundwater increased sharply when the Sewage Plant was malfunctioning. The peak of NH₃-N concentration under the accident pool was about 8.0 × 10⁻⁵ mg/L at the first accident. When the second accident happened, the NH₃-N concentration increased to a maximum of about 1.1 × 10⁻⁴ mg/L. At a location of about 20 m from the accident pool, the concentration declined to about one sixth of the center, which demonstrated that the NH₃-N concentration increase caused by leakage of the accident pool was little, and the spatial influence also was small. The paper provides a method of dealing with the transport of physically and chemically reactive substances in groundwater with Visual MODFLOW and assessing the Sewage Plant accident pool leakage impact on groundwater quantitatively.     

Hydrogeophysical approach for contamination assessment in NamSon landfill,Hanoi, Vietnam

Self potential (SP) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) methods are used together with the results of groundwater samples hydrogeochemical analysis to assess the impact of the water leak from the landfill garbage site at NamSon located in Northern Hanoi on causing pollution to the surrounding environment and affecting geological structure. Selected survey area covers an area of 180 × 300 m lying in the low land of the NamSon site with a slope ranging about 8 m in direction NW–SE. There are three geophysical measurements lines denoted as T1, T2 and T3. Processing 180 SP data points has allowed to draw maps of equipotential epoch in the two periods in 2015 and 2016. The maps show four zones of SP positive anomalies with maximum amplitudes of about +20 mV where the groundwater flow direction is downward and five zones of SP negative anomalies with minimum values in a range from ?180 to ?260 mV where the groundwater flow direction is upward. Resistivity values of the subsurface layers of soils and rocks have been aquired from 2D inverse model for measuring ERT in March 2015 and March 2016. The results of the ERT allowed to define the low resistivity in the range 15–20 Ωm related to leachate plume from NamSon landfill site. Results of the physico-chemical analysis of groundwater samples from the existing six boreholes show increases in concentration of the measured pollutant parameters indicating contamination of the groundwater as a result of solid waste leachate accumulation. This result is affirmative evidence for the survey results by geophysical technique. The rapid decrease in quality of groundwater over the last year is probably due to the influence of the leachate from the NamSon landfill site.     

Radiocarbon speciation and distribution in an aquifer plume and groundwater discharge area,Chalk River,Ontario

The storage of low level radioactive waste in trenches overlying an unconfined groundwater flow system in sands has generated a contaminant plume (with chemical characteristics of dilute sanitary landfill leachate) containing ¹⁴C both as dissolved inorganic and organic C. In the groundwater, dissolved organic compounds account, on average, for 22% of the total C and 10% of the ¹⁴C. Approximately 300 m from the waste management site, the groundwater discharges to the surface in a wetland containing up to 3 m of peat and an extensive tree cover. Drainage from the wetland passes through a gauged stream. Radiocarbon input to the groundwater discharge area in 1991 was determined to be between 3.3 and 4.2 GBq, based on data from a line of sampling wells along the groundwater input boundary of the wetland, with control provided by water and tritium balance data. During the 1991 study year, only 1.5–2% of both the inorganic and organic ¹⁴C inputs left the wetland in surface water drainage. Vegetation growth in the wetland during the study year contained 8–10% of the released radiocarbon. If the rate of ¹⁴C accumulation in the peat has been constant, 7–9% of the annual radiocarbon input has been retained in the organic soil. Much of this soil accumulation can be attributed to litter from standing vegetation, making distribution coefficients an inappropriate model for ¹⁴C partitioning between groundwater and soil. The plant/soil ¹⁴C concentration ratio was 24 to 33, but application of a concentration ratio to describe the transfer of radiocarbon to plants is also believed to be inappropriate. This study indicates that over 80% of the groundwater radiocarbon is rapidly lost to the atmosphere when the groundwater comes to surface, and we infer that most of the ¹⁴C accumulation in vegetation occurs by CO₂ transfer from the air to the plant.