电法勘探在探测加油站石油烃污染中的应用

对一个有近40年历史的废弃加油站,分别使用探地雷达方法和高密度电阻率法进行探测,同时布置了4口监测井进行取样分析,以验证两种方法探测石油烃类轻质非水相液体(LNAPLs)污染物的准确性。测量结果明确显示了污染源及其扩散范围。实际应用证实了探地雷达与高密度电阻率法可以作为有效的工具在加油站及类似场地用于环境探测。     

探地雷达和高密度电阻率法在围垦堤坝探测中的应用

基于抛石层与淤泥质黏土层存在较大电性差异,采用探地雷达和高密度电阻率综合法对某围垦堤坝抛石层进行探测,获得了抛石层的范围和 厚度。经钻探验证,探测结果与实际较吻合,表明利用探地雷达和高密度电阻率法可有效探测围垦堤坝抛石分布及厚度。     

地球物理方法对垃圾填埋场探测的有效性试验研究

文中根据在河北省某市两处不同类型垃圾(建筑垃圾和生活垃圾)填埋场上采用多种地球物理方法(高密度电阻率法、探地雷达法、高精度磁测法、激发极化法和瞬变电磁法)进行试验研究所取得的实测资料,结合工作地区的地质和岩土物性特征,通过分析对比,指出了不同地球物理方法在圈定和监测垃圾填埋场的污染范围和扩散趋势等方面的作用和能力。实验证明,垃圾填埋场渗漏污染检测中,探地雷达法、高密度电阻率法、激发极化法和瞬变电磁法均有一定的效果。除高密度电阻率方法外,激发极化法在监测垃圾的污染范围和污染趋势、圈定污染程度方面,效果也很明显。     

土壤与地下水污染的地球物理地球化学勘查

列举了土壤、地下水中常见的有机和无机污染组分.进入地下水中的绝大部分污染物与介质发生物理化学反应后,各种金属、非金属离子、固体溶解物、盐类在地下潜水面附近逐渐浓集,导电性增强,电阻率明显降低,对电磁波的反射能力增强.经实际检测发现,某垃圾填埋场被垃圾渗漏液污染的土壤视电阻率在10 Ω·m左右,垃圾渗出液的实测电阻率在0.40 Ω·m左右.比较高密度电阻率法、瞬变电磁法、探地雷达法的效果后发现,高密度电阻率法的效果显著.荧光光谱和吸附乙烷、游离甲烷对指示储油气设施泄漏有显著效果,实际应用中,检测游离甲烷可快速圈定污染范围.     

物探方法组合在岩溶区地面塌陷勘查中的应用

地面塌陷是岩溶发育区内常见且破坏性较强的地质灾害,针对地面塌陷的分布特征和自然因素开展浅层非侵入性综合地球物理勘查研究,可为后期灾害应急防治提供可靠的依据,对减少人民生命和财产的损失具有重要意义。这里将探地雷达和高密度电法结合起来研究工作区内溶洞的发育情况及充填状态,并评价其沉降与塌陷的风险。通过数据采集、资料处理、异常推断解释及钻探验证等研究过程,验证了探地雷达与高密度电法相结合在岩溶区地面塌陷勘查中的有效性,地质雷达探测方法操作简便、探测精度高,但探测深度有限,而高密度电法探测深度相对较大,但易受场地障碍物影响导致断面数据缺失,二者相结合起到了相互补充、相互验证的作用。     

基于电阻率综合测试的污染场地快速诊断方法研究

通过地球物理探测方法测试土层电阻率,利用电阻率的异常判别筛查场地污染分布范围,是国内环境岩土工程领域关注的热点问题。本文基于现场试验与工程应用,探讨高密度电法、电阻率CT、电阻率静力触探(RCPT)对污染土诊断的适用性。结果表明,电阻率测试可快速诊断场地潜在污染区域,操作简单、结果可靠、成本较低,在污染场地初步调查中有较高的应用价值与优势。     

等值反磁通瞬变电磁法在探测岩溶病害中的应用

机场跑道潜在的岩溶隐患将直接影响其承载能力和使用寿命。通过广州白云机场跑道的勘察试验研究,表明等值反磁通瞬变电磁法能够在机场噪声背景以及有限不接地场地条件下实现快速无损探测机场跑道隐伏岩溶地质病害,有效规避了地震反射波受机场飞机起降噪声的影响、高密度电法受场地接地条件的制约以及探地雷达探测深度不足等常规工程物探方法的缺点,为机场跑道隐伏地质病害探测提供了一种新的探测方法。     

铬污染土壤复电阻率频散特性

不同含水率、不同铬污染物浓度土壤的复电阻率频散实验,是复电阻率探测方法评价铬渣污染场地的物理基础。实验研究发现,土壤含水率和污染物浓度的不同均会对复电阻率幅值、复电阻率相角、同相电阻率和异相电阻率的测量结果产生影响,但是异相电阻率和相角具有明显的频散特性。研究结果表明,利用基于土壤频散特性发展起来的复电阻率探测技术,可快速有效地对铬渣污染场地进行评价。     

堤防动物洞穴的探地雷达探测研究

通过探地雷达对淮沭河大堤獾洞隐患的探测,分析了獾洞的结构特征,给出了獾洞的典型雷达图像特征,推断了测区内獾洞穴道的位置、深度和走向,为堤防獾洞隐患治理提供了资料。探测结果表明,探地雷达设备轻便,对场地要求低,易于在任意方向加密探测,对浅层地下洞穴的探测非常有效。     

加油站渗漏污染快速调查方法及探地雷达的应用

利用探地雷达进行加油站快速调查的主要程序包括收集资料、走访、现场踏勘、物探初勘以及试采样等,最终达到初步了解加油站的基本情况、渗漏污染风险以及可能污染渗漏点的目的。选择上海、北京、南京地区各一座加油站,详细介绍了快速调查的过程及结果。其中,上海和北京的两座加油站经钻孔采集土壤气体及探地雷达探测后,判断存在污染,而在南京加油站,探地雷达探测结果表明场地经过修复已不存在污染。     

Ground penetrating radar and 2D electric resistivity studies for tracing hydrocarbon leakage site,close to Abha City: a case study

This work presents the application of the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) method and electric resistivity tomography (ERT) technique in outlining a zone of contamination due to the light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) plume underground in the area of an impacted fuel station, close to Abha City. The GPR has been performed using SIR3000 unit with the 100 and 400 MHz antennas. The main objective of the GPR survey was to evaluate the lateral extension of contamination. The complex GPR signature of the plume was well characterized. Low reflectivity zone corresponds to hydrocarbon vapor phase in the vadose zone. Enhanced reflections are associated with free and residual products in the fractured saturated zone directly above the water table. An electric resistivity tomography (ERT) survey was performed on four profiles within the site to investigate the vertical and horizontal extent of the contamination plume and to define the bottom of the landfill. The 2D electric profiles show the presence of low-resistivity (4O to 37 Ω m) anomalies that refers to the presence of accumulated hydrocarbons. From the interpretation of the GPR and ERT profile, it was possible to locate the top and bottom of the contamination plume of the waste disposal site. The radar signal penetrated deep enough and enabled the identification of a second reflector at approximately 10-m deep, interpreted as the hard basement surface which causes the strong amplitude reflection in the GPR profile. The results of GPR and ERT showed good agreement.     

An integrated geophysical study of arsenic contaminated area in the peninsular Thailand

Geophysical surveys were carried out in an arsenic contaminated area, in the Ron Phibun District in southern Thailand. Here, tin and associated minerals, i.e. arsenopyrite and pyrite, have been extracted from granites and natural processes and the mining activities led to arsenic contamination in the environment. Electrical resistivity and self-potential (SP) were used to define the distribution of arsenic contamination in the groundwater. Resistivities of 25–100 Ωm and a positive SP anomaly of 66.0 mV were observed in an area where the arsenic content in auger water at 3.5–5.0 m depths was high, 0.5–5.0 mg/l. Integrated interpretation of resistivity, seismic refraction, GPR and gravity data gave a clear image of subsurface shallow structures (< 30 m depths). There was a good correlation between the resistivity and the gravity data. A subsurface rise was found, which possibly acts as a naturally buried dam, separating a high-contaminated area from a low contaminated area.     

地质雷达在地下水有机污染调查方面的应用研究进展

地质雷达作为一种物探方法,应用于环境地质调查已有若干年历史.但应用于地下水及土壤的有机污染调查,目前在国内还未见诸报道.叙述了地质雷达的工作原理,阐明了地质雷达在地下水有机污染调查工作中的应用条件、应用效果,并列举部分国外应用实例.     

利用高密度电阻率法监测地下介质污染问题的数值模拟

对地下介质不同污染模式的电性分布特征,给出了不同的地电模型。针对不同的地电模型,利用2.5维有限元正演模拟的方法计算出了不同监测装置形式下的异常分布特征,并给出了针对不同污染模式的最优监测装置形式和异常分析方法。同时模拟分析了对于不同污染程度监测的可行性。      

Geophysical response of slackwater and sandy terrace deposits near Savanna, Northwestern Illinois

Low-permeability clayey and silty river terrace deposits are an important component in protecting underlying aquifers from contamination by agrochemicals and other contaminants. Such deposits also record deglaciation dynamics, meltwater drainage and local climatic variations. In this study, conducted over Mississippi River terraces near Savanna, Illinois, clayey slackwater terrace deposits and sandy terrace deposits are examined using resistivity soundings, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiles and direct-push conductivity logs. The clayey terrace deposits are characterized by low resistivity (10–35 ohm-m) and slow GPR wave velocity (0.07 m/ns), whereas non-clayey terrace deposits exhibit much higher resistivity (169–1,762 ohm-m) and faster GPR wave velocities (0.15 m/ns). Sandy and clayey terrace deposits may thus be differentiated and mapped on the basis of their geophysical response. Models based on resistivity soundings provide reasonably accurate estimates of the thickness of clayey slackwater deposits, but fail to reveal thin sands embedded in the clayey deposits. In some cases, the full thickness of the slackwater deposits was also not revealed. GPR profiles, however, imaged these embedded shallow sands and possibly imaged deeper sands below the base of the slackwater deposits, giving more accurate estimates of thickness. GPR also accurately resolved the thickness and character of sandy terrace deposits. Direct-push conductivity logs provide both accurate estimates of the thickness of clayey slackwater terrace deposits and a means of identifying thin embedded sands. In summary, resistivity soundings image these deposits at the lowest resolution with one-dimensional models, whereas GPR provides much higher resolution showing detailed layering within the upper several meters. Direct-push conductivity logs provide the highest resolution, but are invasive and only reveal stratigraphy at one location.     

物探技术在多年冻土探测方面的应用

在青藏高原东部温泉地区对多年冻土厚度探测进行了试验研究,总结出一套可行的用于探测0～100 m范围内多年冻土分布及厚度的探测方法:选用探地雷达及瞬变电磁测深法分别对冻土上限及冻土下限进行探测,探地雷达分辨率高,能够有效解决地下0～5 m范围内多年冻土是否存在及上限埋深情况,而瞬变电磁测深法能有效解决地下5～100 m范围内的多年冻土下限埋深情况。     

电阻率法在地基处理工程中的应用探讨

土的电阻率相关参数指标与土的工程力学指标紧密相连,并可反映土的一些特殊性质,如土的污染特征、地基液化特征等。本文首先简要介绍了土的电阻率理论,分析了土电阻率的室内外测试原理与方法。在归纳相关文献与工作的基础上,探讨土电阻率法在地基处理及其相关领域中的应用。深入分析了电阻率法在水泥土搅拌桩质量评价、地基处理效果评价、地基液化评判、压实土质量评价以及地基污染中的应用特征以及评价方法。并讨论了土的电阻率理论研究中存在的问题,展望了土电阻率理论的研究与应用前景。     

The application of GPR and electrical resistivity tomography as useful tools in detection of sinkholes in the Cheria Basin (northeast of Algeria)

Sinkhole collapse is one of the main limitations in the development of karst areas, especially where bedrock is covered by unconsolidated material. Studies of sinkhole formation have shown that sinkholes are likely to develop in cutter (enlarged joint) zones as a result of subterranean erosion by flowing groundwater. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity imaging or tomography (RESTOM) are well suited to mapping sinkholes because of the ability of these two techniques for detecting voids and discriminating subtle resistivity variations. Nine GPR profiles and two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography have been applied, with relative success, to locate paleo-collapses and cavities, and to detect and characterize karst at two sinkhole sites near Cheria City where limestone is covered by about 10 m of clayey soils. The survey results suggest that GPR and RESTOM are ideal geophysical tools to aid in the detection and monitoring of sinkholes and other subsurface cavities.     

Risk Assessment on Organic Contamination of Shallow Groundwater of an Oilfield in Northeast China

With the oil contaminated site of an oil field in northeast as the research area, based on the site geological and hydrogeological conditions, and by virtue of the methods of assessment on current situation of organic contamination and environmental impact assessment as well as leaching mobility assessment on organics, the internal and external risk assessments on organic contamination of shallow groundwater in the research area are conducted respectively. According to the results, about 30 kinds of organic components, including chlorinated hydrocarbons, mononuclear aromatics, heteroaromatic compound, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and n-alkanes, are detected in the shallow groundwater in the research area. The current situation contamination of dichloromethane is the most serious, and all well points are of contamination at medium or above level. Compared with dichloromethane, contamination of trichloromethane and benzene is lighter, but several seriously contaminated well points occur in these two groups. The leaching mobility of dichloromethane, trichloromethane and benzene is extremely high, posing the greatest contamination risks against groundwater.     

复杂山地近地表结构综合调查及建模技术研究

复杂山区近地表调查技术是制约地震资料品质的主要因素。这里利用地质雷达和高密度电法相配合,在四川南江山区进行了近地表结构综合调查。地质雷达探测精度高,高密度电法探测深度大且能有效补充介质电性信息。通过微测井数据进行标定,建立了近地表结构的深度和速度模型,为地震静校正提供了依据。经研究结果表明,采用近地表调查数据进行静校正的地震品质得到了提高。