不同目标函数下的金属阻尼器优化布置研究

针对不同目标函数下的金属阻尼器优化布置,在框架结构中分别以层间位移角和层间位移为目标函数,采用逐层布置法和位置参数法两种优化方法进行消能减震分析,对比不同目标函数下的金属阻尼器消能减震效果。结果表明:在相同阻尼器数量下,两种优化方法的减震效果相差不大,结构中的金属阻尼器的滞回曲线比较饱满,消能减震效果较好。     

连续梁桥中设置粘弹性阻尼器的减震效果分析

研究了设有粘弹性阻尼器的连续梁桥的地震反应,探讨了阻尼器在连续梁桥中的减震效果及阻尼器参数对减震效果的影响。结果表明:阻尼器对桥梁结构具有减震效果,要达到良好的减震效果必须对阻尼器的参数加以优化。     

偏心结构减震设计中粘弹性阻尼器的优化布置

偏心结构在地震作用下的扭转效应过大会导致结构抗震性能的退化,加速结构的破坏。为有效控制偏心结构在地震作用下的平扭耦联反应,根据粘弹性阻尼结构的性能与特点,采用3种不同的控制函数对偏心结构进行了阻尼器的优化布置,并以一个6层的偏心结构为例,比较了不同控制函数下结构的减震效果。结果表明,3种不同的目标控制函数均可有效控制偏心结构的平扭耦联效应,减小结构的扭转反应,所得结果可为实际工程粘弹性阻尼器的优化布置提供有益参考。     

随机地震下阻尼器的优化设置

根据粘弹性阻尼结构的减震原理,利用随机振动理论中的李雅普诺夫方程求解粘弹性阻尼结构反应的方差矩阵,再以层间位移的方差矩阵为控制函数进行阻尼器的优化设置,并给出发实例分析。     

分层摇摆式连接减震结构体系分析研究

分析研究了一种新型的结构减震控制体系——分层摇摆式连接减震结构体系。该体系由分层摇摆式竖向自承重主结构、抗水平侧力外框架副结构、以及连接主副结构的阻尼器组成。其中,分层摇摆式竖向自承重体系由分层两端铰接柱和层贯通梁组成,外框架承受水平外荷载,同时阻尼器可以传递侧向力并且起到消能减震的作用。相比于传统抗弯框架,该体系可以同时减小基频和高阶模态响应。通过基于H2控制算法和稳定度最大化准则,采用多目标优化算法优化设计连接阻尼器各参数。通过3层benchmark模型的有限元分析和两层原理模型的小型振动台试验验证了理论模型的正确性,同时表明该体系具有理想的减震控制效果。     

基于正交设计的粘弹性阻尼器参数优化

粘弹性阻尼器耗能能力受其剪切储存模量、剪切损失模量、剪切面积、粘弹性层厚度等多种参数的影响.为了探讨耗能器的减震控制效果,将现代振动控制理论和正交设计相结合,以结构顶层各点的最大位移和最大加速度为评价指标,在不同的参数水平下对某5层框架结构进行动态仿真,并给出各种参数对结构振动控制的贡献.计算结果表明,粘弹性阻尼器可以有效地控制框架结构的地震响应,选择合适的材料参数,位移峰值衰减可高达90.8%,加速度峰值衰减可高达63.8%.     

SSI效应对粘弹性阻尼结构减震效果的影响分析

本文以一单跨7层框架结构为研究对象,对不同场地和地震波输入条件下的粘弹性阻尼结构进行了二维有限元时程分析,探讨了SSI（土-结构动力相互作用）效应对粘弹性阻尼结构减震效果的影响。分析结果表明：①在硬土和稍硬土地基条件下,SSI效应明显降低了结构的楼层位移峰值,若在抗震设计中对客观存在的SSI效应加以考虑,设置较少数量的阻尼器（与刚性地基假定条件下确定的阻尼器数量相比）就能使结构的实际地震位移反应满足基于刚性地基假定的地震位移控制目标;②粘弹性阻尼结构的减震效果与场地条件、输入地震动特性密切相关;③与刚性地基相比,SSI效应使粘弹性阻尼结构的减震效果明显降低,且地基越软,降低幅度越大。因此,在实际的工程设计中,应当充分考虑SSI效应,对粘弹性阻尼结构的减震控制效果进行合理的评价,并针对不同的场地条件选用合适的阻尼器类型和性能参数,才有可能达到预期的减震控制效果。     

基于H_∞范数的调液阻尼器在减震控制中的参数优化

基于H∞范数,提出了偏心结构利用调液阻尼器减震控制的一种新的优化设计方法。该方法将优化目标取为从地震动到结构响应的传递函数的H∞范数,利用调液柱型阻尼器(Tuned Liquid Column Dampers,简称TLCD)和环形调液阻尼器(Circular Tuned Liquid Column Dampers,简称CTLCD)来控制偏心结构在多维地震作用下的扭转耦联振动,采用遗传算法来对阻尼器的相关参数进行优化。这种优化方法无需求解结构运动方程,所得到的阻尼器最优参数也不依赖于特定的地震动。用一个12层的偏心结构作为算例进行优化计算,结果表明,利用本文提出的优化方法所得到的阻尼器最优参数,在不同场地条件下,对偏心结构的扭转耦联振动均具有明显的减震效果。     

黏滞阻尼器用于层间位移角超限的既有建筑的优化研究

在水平地震作用下,结构产生较大的层间变形或者结构底部地震剪力较大导致了很多建筑发生破坏。对于既有建筑,可采用安装黏滞阻尼器的加固方法减小其层间位移角,而结构层间位移角和基底剪力等均受阻尼器的位置与参数影响。因此,阻尼器的位置及参数优化的研究有重要意义。对于层间位移角超过现行规范限值的既有建筑结构,文中综合考虑结构变形与结构底部受剪两个目标,提出了黏滞阻尼器竖向位置优化目标函数;然后,设计了4种不同荷载分布情况的混凝土框架结构模型,对于目标函数中两个目标对应的权重系数,分别探讨了其确定方法,给出了简单快速得到权重系数取值的计算公式;最后,提出黏滞阻尼器阻尼系数的优化函数,给出了阻尼器的优化流程。分析数值算例结果说明本文提出的优化方法有效、经济,为黏滞阻尼器用于既有建筑的加固改造提供了有益的参考。     

电磁惯质阻尼器在结构中位置优化以及减震分析

近年来,电磁惯质阻尼器(Electromagnetic Inerter Damper,EMID)的力学模型在土木工程减振研究领域已取得一定的研究成果,成为了一种十分有效的惯性质量减震装置。为了更好地发挥EMID减震效果,在以层间位移角为控制目标函数和相同阻尼器参数下,采用均匀布置与权系数布置、迭代法以及基于遗传算法的阻尼器位置优化布置四种布置方案对EMID在多自由度结构中安装位置进行优化布置,随后引入四个抗震性能评价指标对十自由度结构在四种位置布置方案下的减震效果进行分析比较。最后选出一种最优的阻尼器位置布置方案,进行十自由度结构控制参数变量仿真分析,分析了EMID在相同惯质不同电磁阻尼力和相同电磁阻尼力不同惯质的条件下的减震效果,为EMID的后续研究和其工程实际应用提供一定的理论基础。     

Evolutionary aseismic design and retrofit of structures with passive energy dissipation

A new computational framework is developed for the design and retrofit of building structures by considering aseismic design as a complex adaptive process. For the initial phase of the development within this framework, genetic algorithms are employed for the discrete optimization of passively damped structural systems. The passive elements may include metallic plate dampers, viscous fluid dampers and viscoelastic solid dampers. The primary objective is to determine robust designs, including both the non‐linearity of the structural system and the uncertainty of the seismic environment. Within the present paper, this computational design approach is applied to a series of model problems, involving sizing and placement of passive dampers for energy dissipation. In order to facilitate our investigations and provide a baseline for further study, we introduce several simplifications for these initial examples. In particular, we employ deterministic lumped parameter structural models, memoryless fitness function definitions and hypothetical seismic environments. Despite these restrictions, some interesting results are obtained from the simulations and we are able to gain an understanding of the potential for the proposed evolutionary aseismic design methodology. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A synthetic optimization analysis method on structures with viscoelastic dampers

The paper introduces a synthetic optimization analysis method of structures with viscoelastic (VE) dampers, namely the simplex method. The optimal parameters and location of VE dampers can be determined by this method. Numerical example and a shaking table test about reinforced concrete structures with VE dampers show that the seismic responses of structures will be reduced more effectively when the parameters and location of VE dampers are designed in accordance with the results calculated by the simplex method.     

Response prediction,experimental characterization and P‐spectra design of frames with viscoelastic–plastic dampers

Viscoelastic–plastic (VEP) dampers are hybrid passive damping devices that combine the advantages of viscoelastic and hysteretic damping. This paper first formulates a semi‐analytical procedure for predicting the peak response of nonlinear SDOF systems equipped with VEP dampers, which forms the basis for the generation of Performance Spectra that can then be used for direct performance assessment and optimization of VEP damped structures. This procedure is first verified against extensive nonlinear time‐history analyses based on a Kelvin viscoelastic model of the dampers, and then against a more advanced evolutionary model that is calibrated to characterization tests of VEP damper specimens built from commercially available viscoelastic damping devices, and an adjustable friction device. The results show that the proposed procedure is sufficiently accurate for predicting the response of VEP systems without iterative dynamic analysis for preliminary design purposes. A design method based on the Performance Spectra framework is then proposed for systems equipped with passive VEP dampers and is applied to enhance the seismic response of a six‐storey steel moment frame. The numerical simulation results on the damped structure confirm the use of the Performance Spectra as a convenient and accurate platform for the optimization of VEP systems, particularly during the initial design stage. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

耗能减震结构的受力分析与层间弹塑性变形简化计算方法

本文研究了安装粘弹性耗能器结构在常遇地震作用下层间最大剪力的分配情况 ,给出了层间最大剪力在结构构件与耗能器之间按刚度分配原则进行假想分配后 ,所得假想层间构件力与层间最大构件力之间的关系 ,以及假想层间附加力与层间最大附加力之间的关系 ,探讨了罕遇地震作用下安装粘弹性耗能器结构与安装软钢耗能器结构的层间弹塑性变形简化计算方法。     

Optimal design of added viscoelastic dampers and supporting braces

This paper presents a simultaneous optimization procedure for both viscoelastic dampers (VEDs) and supporting braces installed in a structure. The effect of supporting braces on the control efficiency of VEDs is also investigated. To apply a general gradient‐based optimization algorithm, closed‐form expressions for the gradients of objective function and constraints are derived. Also, the constraint on the dynamic behavior of a structure is embedded in the gradient computation procedure to reduce the number of variables in the optimization. From numerical analysis of an example structure, it was found that when sufficient stiffness cannot be provided for the supporting braces, the flexibility of the brace should be taken into account in the design of the VED to achieve the desired performance of the structure. It was also observed that, as a result of the proposed optimization process, the size of the supporting brace could be reduced while the additional VED size (to compensate for the loss of the control effect) was insignificant. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamic characteristics and seismic response of adjacent buildings linked by discrete dampers

Coupling adjacent buildings using discrete viscoelastic dampers for control of response to low and moderate seismic events is investigated in this paper. The complex modal superposition method is first used to determine dynamic characteristics, mainly modal damping ratio and modal frequency, of damper-linked linear adjacent buildings for practical use. Random seismic response of linear adjacent buildings linked by dampers is then determined by a combination of the complex modal superposition method and the pseudo-excitation method. This combined method can effectively and accurately determine random seismic response of non-classically damped systems in the frequency domain. Parametric studies are finally performed to identify optimal parameters of viscoelastic dampers for achieving the maximum modal damping ratio or the maximum response reduction of adjacent buildings. It is demonstrated that using discrete viscoelastic dampers of proper parameters to link adjacent buildings can reduce random seismic responses significantly. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

Optimal placement of dampers for passive response control

The effectiveness of viscous and viscoelastic dampers for seismic response reduction of structures is quite well known in the earthquake engineering community. This paper deals with the optimal utilization of these dampers in a structure to achieve a desired performance under earthquake‐induced ground excitations. Frequency‐dependent and ‐independent viscous dampers and viscoelastic dampers have been considered as the devices of choice. To determine the optimal size and location of these dampers in the structure, a genetic algorithm is used. The desired performance is defined in terms of several different forms of performance functions. The use of the genetic approach is not limited to any particular form of performance function as long as it can be calculated numerically. For illustration, numerical examples for different building structures are presented showing the distribution and size of different dampers required to achieve a desired level of reduction in the response or a performance index. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stochastic seismic response of structures with added viscoelastic dampers modeled by fractional derivative

Viscoelastic dampers, as supplementary energy dissipation devices, have been used in building structures under seismic excitation or wind loads. Different analytical models have been proposed to describe their dynamic force deformation characteristics. Among these analytical models, the fractional derivative models have attracted more attention as they can capture the frequency dependence of the material stiffness and damping properties observed from tests very well. In this paper, a Fourier-transform-based technique is presented to obtain the fractional unit impulse function and the response of structures with added viscoelastic dampers whose force-deformation relationship is described by a fractional derivative model. Then, a Duhamel integral-type expression is suggested for the response analysis of a fractional damped dynamic system subjected to deterministic or random excitation. Through numerical verification, it is shown that viscoelastic dampers are effective in reducing structural responses over a wide frequency range, and the proposed schemes can be used to accurately predict the stochastic seismic response of structures with added viscoelastic dampers described by a Kelvin model with fractional derivative.