哺乳动物群指示的气候旋回

文章根据对周口店地区四个哺乳动物群的分析，讨论了该区早新世气候及生态环境的变迁。第１８地点显示了约１．９０ＭａＢ．Ｐ．的干凉气候和森林－草原植被。第１２地点指示了１．７０ＭａＢ．Ｐ．的湿热气候和藏密森林生态环境。东洞则记录了１．２３０ＭａＢ．Ｐ．的干冷气候和草原景观，到第９地点时（约１．００－０．９０ＭａＢ．Ｐ．）。气候炎热，森林和草原植被同时发育。     

哺乳动物群指示的气候旋回——以周口店早更新世哺乳动物群为例

文章根据对周口店地区四个哺乳动物群的分析，讨论了该区早更新世气候及生态环境的变迁。第１８地点显示了约１．９０ＭａＢ．Ｐ．的干凉气候和森林—草原植被。第１２地点指示了１．７０ＭａＢ．Ｐ．的湿热气候和茂密森林生态环境。东洞则记录了１．２０ＭａＢ．Ｐ．的干冷气候和草原景观。到第９地点时（约１．００～０．９０ＭａＢ．Ｐ．），气候炎热，森林和草原植被同时发育     

末次冰期东北地区食草动物群的演替及其环境意义

距今40ka年来东北地区大型食草动物记录显示,该区末次冰期极盛期前后,在冻土苔原大背景下可能经历了40ka B.P.森林草原、34.3ka B.P.疏林草原、30ka B.P.森林草原、22ka B.P.疏林草原、18ka B.P.森林草原、17ka B.P.疏林草原、14ka B.P.无树干草原及11ka B.P.疏林草原的演变过程,环境最恶劣最干冷的时段似乎在14ka B.P.前后.同时,该哺乳动物组合曲线与气候变化、冰川波动及海面升降等研究结果具有很好的可比性.整个环境演变过程还可与陕西关中渭河流域的3个哺乳动物群(咸阳动物群、蒲城动物群和大荔动物群)所反映的环境演变过程相对比,只是关中地区进入最干冷的无树干草原环境较早.研究认为,之所以产生这种差异是由于地区地理位置的差别,导致受东亚季风影响的强度不同,因而进入盛冰期的时间也有或早或晚的差别.     

孢粉记录的新疆地区新近纪植被格局与气候环境演化

新近纪是地球气候系统由古近纪温室气候向第四纪冰室气候转变的一个关键过渡阶段.本文综述了近30年来新疆地区新近纪孢粉资料,通过时空对比,认识了该地区新近纪植被与气候环境格局特征.中新世早期新疆地区总体气候温暖湿润,大部分地区发育森林植被,局部地区发育草原植被;晚期气候温暖干旱,准噶尔区的独山子、塔里木区的罗布泊和库车盆地开始出现草原植被,准噶尔区的金沟河出现荒漠植被,其他地区为森林植被或森林-草原植被.上新世时期,气候干旱化显著加剧,准噶尔区、塔里木区和昆仑区都出现草原和荒漠草原.晚新生代全球变冷和青藏高原、昆仑山山脉、天山山脉的加速抬升可能是导致新疆地区植被与气候环境格局形成和中亚地区干旱化的两个主要因素.而研究地点的地形地貌、雨影效应、迎风和背风等因素以及古特提斯海退却可能是其他应当考虑的次要因素.     

陕西北部发现多个新近纪哺乳动物化石新地点及其意义

在陕北黄土高原下部的红土堆积中新发现29个新近纪哺乳动物化石地点,自北向南包括神木、榆阳、佳县、横山、子洲、志丹、安塞、甘泉等地,基本覆盖整个陕北黄土高原,填补了中新世时期中国哺乳动物地理格局中东西分界线附近的大片空白。动物组合以新近纪中国北方常见的三趾马动物群成员为主,包含有三趾马(Hipparion)、大唇犀(Chilotherium)、萨摩麟(Samotherium)、巨鬣狗(Dinocrocuta)、弓颌猪(Chleuastochoerus)、羚羊(Gazella)等,其组合特点类似于府谷老高川中部动物群。新发现的、多地点的化石材料进一步表明,在陕西北部晚中新世约6.7 Ma左右,森林-草原混合型三趾马动物群的分布可能相当广泛,而约7.8 Ma和约5.7 Ma两期的哺乳动物群的分布可能相对局限。     

中国北方保德期庙梁亚期动物群的特征与分布

庙梁亚期代表着距今７－５Ｍａ期间的地质时期可归这一亚期的动物群有陕西腐谷庙梁动物群、甘肃武都龙家沟动物群、河南新安各地点动物群、山西保德地区部分地点的动物群,以及榆社马会组所含动物群等。庙梁亚期动物群的组成已与保德早中期的有很大区别,其特征是鹿类大量出现并高度分异,三趾马马Ｈｉｐｐａｒｉｏｎ ｐｌａｔｙｏｄｕｓ为主,Ｃｈｉｌｏｔｈｅｒｉｕｍ基本不再出现。各地央梁亚期动物群均典型森林型动物群,广泛分布在我国北部的山西、陕西、河南及甘肃等地。     

四川歌乐山哺乳动物群

四川歌乐山洞穴沉积中之哺乳动物化石,为除万县之洞穴沉积以外最丰富之‘剑齿象—熊猫动物群’之材料。其中包括三十五属,共四十一种分属於八目内,中有新属新种二及新种八。分析此化石地点所代表者均属一动物群,仅第五十一地点有较古老型之动物之存在。若与华南各地如四川万县,广西武呜,云南富民,江苏丹阳及江西乐平之洞穴沉积中之化相比较可知俱为同一时期之动物。其主要之代表竹鼠,豪猪,熊,虎,剑齿象,貘,犀,猪等统之‘剑齿象—熊猫动物群’。此动物群与北京附近周口店之洞穴沉积为同一时期者。王林(G.H.R.von Koenigswald)及寇鲁伯(E.H.Colbert)称此动物群为“中国—马来动物群”与时代更老之下更新统之“印度—马来动物群”不同。但动物之发源与迁移常来往频烦,殊不限于一个方向之移入或迁出。故某一动物群之是否原生常就其中所具代表性之动物移入成份之多寡而决定之。歌乐山之动物群,亦即‘剑齿象—熊猫动物群’为一原生华南之动物群,受华北,印度及爪哇三方面动物移入之混合组成。其中以华北移入之份子较多,但此种参加之份子不足以影响此动物群之原生性。如标准之北方动物,兔,骆驼,马及羚羊等在此并无发现。而原生南方之剑齿象,熊猫,貘...     

青海黄河源盆地早更新世以来环境演变

黄河源盆地位于青藏高原东北部,是黄河的源头地区,对环境和气候变化非常敏感。对黄河源盆地中的河湖相沉积物进行了孢粉分析,获得丰富的孢粉数据,结果显示孢粉组合以菊科、蒿科、藜科、禾本科、松、桦等草本和木本植物花粉为主。通过对各类植物的孢粉组合特征分析,揭示了黄河源地区早更新世以来古植被、古气候的演替和变化。其演变经历了4个阶段：第一阶段223.9～90.1万年,为森林草原环境,反映了温暖潮湿的气候;第二阶段90.1～35万年,为灌丛草原环境,反映了总体干冷的气候;第三阶段35～2.8万年,为稀树草甸草原环境,属湿润寒冷的气候;第四阶段2.8～0.8万年,为荒漠草原环境,反应干冷的气候。     

四川歌乐山哺乳动物群

四川歌乐山洞穴沉积中之哺乳动物化石,为除万县之洞穴沉积以外最丰富之‘剑齿象—熊猫动物群’之材料。其中包括三十五属,共四十一种分属於八目内,中有新属新种二及新种八。分析此化石地点所代表者均属一动物群,仅第五十一地点有较古老型之动物之存在。若与华南各地如四川万县,广西武呜,云南富民,江苏丹阳及江西乐平之洞穴沉积中之化相比较可知俱为同一时期之动物。其主要之代表竹鼠,豪猪,熊,虎,剑齿象,貘,犀,猪等统之‘剑齿象—熊猫动物群’。此动物群与北京附近周口店之洞穴沉积为同一时期者。王林(G.H.R.von Koenigswald)及寇鲁伯(E.H.Colbert)称此动物群为“中国—马来动物群”与时代更老之下更新统之“印度—马来动物群”不同。但动物之发源与迁移常来往频烦,殊不限于一个方向之移入或迁出。故某一动物群之是否原生常就其中所具代表性之动物移入成份之多寡而决定之。歌乐山之动物群,亦即‘剑齿象—熊猫动物群’为一原生华南之动物群,受华北,印度及爪哇三方面动物移入之混合组成。其中以华北移入之份子较多,但此种参加之份子不足以影响此动物群之原生性。如标准之北方动物,兔,骆驼,马及羚羊等在此并无发现。而原生南方之剑齿象,熊猫,貘...     

临夏盆地晚新生代哺乳动物群演替与青藏高原隆升背景

临夏盆地的晚新生代沉积中富含哺乳动物化石,以晚渐新世巨犀动物群、中中新世铲齿象动物群、晚中新世三趾马动物群和早更新世真马动物群的化石最为丰富。晚新生代是青藏高原快速隆升的时期,临夏盆地的4个主要哺乳动物群在构造剧烈变化的背景下发生了显著的更替。通过对不同动物群所代表的生态特征的分析,恢复了临夏盆地晚新生代以来的气候环境演变过程:晚渐新世以温暖湿润的森林环境为主,间杂有一些开阔地带;中中新世的森林更加茂密,水体更加丰富;晚中新世演变为炎热半干旱的稀树草原环境,季节性变化加强;早更新世气候寒冷而干燥,并伴有显著的海拔升高。青藏高原在晚渐新世的隆升幅度还不足以阻挡大型哺乳动物在高原南北的交流,但到中中新世已成为明显的障碍,至晚中新世对动物迁徙的阻碍作用更加突出,而临夏盆地在早更新世已经达到相当大的高度,产生了一个高原或高山的动物群     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with