闽中地区马面山群东岩组变质岩形成的古构造环境研究

闽中地区马面山群东岩组地层主要为绿片岩为主的一套古火山沉积建造。其主要岩性类型包括各种成分的绿片岩、大理岩、石英片岩及变粒岩类。绿片岩显示海底火山喷发特征,变粒岩原岩为中酸性岩类。东岩组变质岩岩石化学研究表明,绿片岩的原岩应为玄武岩类。变粒岩类主要属于英安岩及流纹岩。这些特征反映东岩组具双峰式火山岩特征,形成于大陆内部张性环境。绿片岩稀土元素特征也显示和大陆拉张环境中的火山岩类稀土特征非常相似,属大陆拉斑玄武岩;微量元素分布显示出该组变质岩原岩类似于大洋岛和大陆裂谷的板内碱性玄武岩。因此闽中地区中元古代可能处于板内古裂谷环境。     

闽中马面山群变质火山岩微量元素地球化学特征及其构造意义

闽中地区元古宙马面山群变质火山岩沿政和-大埔断裂带分布,根据其主要化学成分特征,应为－套“双峰式”火山岩。稀土元素地球化学特征表明：本区绿片岩及钠长变粒岩LREE富集,Eu含量基本正常,微量元素MORB标准化蛛网图和微量元素构造判别图显示样品具大陆拉斑玄武岩特征,并呈大陆裂谷性质;斜长角闪岩没有明显的Eu负异常,MORB标准化蛛网图曲线前部呈小的隆起,Nb-Ta亏损较为明显,其岩石特征具有过渡性的钙碱性玄武岩及T－MORB的地球化学属性,原始地幔及Nb标准化蛛网图显示其可能来源于亏损地幔或有陆壳物质的混染。说明本区由大陆裂谷演化发展成为初始洋盆,有岩浆喷发,并可能发生板内俯冲。因此,这些变质火山岩应形成于裂谷－初始洋盆－板内俯冲的构造环境。     

江绍断裂两侧早元古代变质基底特征及形成的构造环境

江绍断裂东侧出露的早元古代变质基底以一套遭受中压型角闪岩相区域热流变质作用改造的黑云斜长变粒岩、云母石英片岩为主，夹少量斜长角闪岩和大理岩，已遭受４期构造变形作用改造，从原岩建造和主要岩类地球化学特点推测它可能形成于大陆或大陆边缘类似于内硅铝盆地环境。江绍断裂西侧早元古代变质基底则以星子杂岩为代表，由变粒岩、浅粒岩、（十字一石榴）云母片岩和少量斜长角闪岩组成，已遭受中压型高绿片岩相一低角闪岩相区域热流变质作用改造，推测其形成于活动性较强大陆一大陆边缘环境。江绍断裂两侧早元古代变质基底在原岩建造、变质一变形作用等特征上存在明显差异，因此华夏地块和扬子地块在早元古代可能是两个地块。     

浙闽地区华夏地块新元古代变沉积岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

浙闽地区华夏地块前寒武纪基底上部主要由新元古代龙泉群、马面山群和万全群组成.上述3个岩群的变沉积岩具有相似的岩石组合及主、微量元素地球化学特征, 它们是华夏地块统一基底的重要组成部分.它们主要由片岩类、变粒岩类、石英岩类和大理岩类组成, 其中片岩类和变粒岩类的SiO₂变化于52.89~75.03, TiO₂为0.48~1.05, Al₂O₃为9.19~20.3, ∑REE为(149~323)×10-6, δEu为0.34~0.80, (La/Yb)_N为7.96~15.6, 具中等-强烈铕负异常, 轻、重稀土分异明显; 石英岩类的SiO₂变化于95.49~97.44, ∑REE很低, 在(8.89~15.1)×10-6, δEu=0.63~0.81.原岩性质及构造环境分析表明, 片岩类和变粒岩类的原岩主要是杂砂岩和粘土岩等, 石英岩的原岩为硅铁质沉积岩.所有变沉积岩的原岩均以长英质成分为主, 具有上地壳岩石的地球化学特征, 部分样品显示有古老沉积物的加入; 它们形成于岛弧-活动陆缘环境, 成熟度不高, 属于近源沉积, 与本地区华夏地块基底下部变质岩系岩石(古元古代的天井坪组、八都群、陈蔡群、麻源群)具有相似的物源.      

闽中梅仙峰岩铅锌矿床地球化学特征及其古构造环境

尤溪梅仙峰岩铅锌银矿床位于政和-德化前寒武纪变质分布区的南端, 处于北东向丽水-海丰断裂东侧闽东火山断拗带的次级寿宁-华安基底隆起带内。峰岩矿床的含矿岩系主要为上元古界马面山群东岩组(Pt₃dy)。铅锌银矿体具层控特点。岩石学及地球化学研究表明赋矿地层东岩组为以绿片岩为主的一套古火山沉积建造。绿片岩的原岩为玄武岩类, 变粒岩主要为英安岩及流纹岩。玄武岩浆的形成可能和板块俯冲相关。矿床地球化学研究表明矿床存在多次成矿作用和多种硫源。铅同位素组成与演化表明从幔源至造山带和上地壳不同的铅源均有混入, 演化趋势较明显, 并显示多次地质事件叠加特点。金属硫化物的稀土分布型式都表现为一定程度的右倾斜, 轻重稀土分异显著。微量元素相对于MORB均有不同程度的亏损和富集。高场强元素(HFSE:Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf)表现为明显的负异常, 具较强烈的亏损; 而Pb、Rb和Ba等元素相对富集。东岩组变质火山岩也表现为明显的高场强元素的亏损及低场强元素的富集, 显示出典型和俯冲有关的岛弧岩浆的特征, 表明矿床与东岩组火山岩都形成于俯冲背景下的岛弧环境。      

滇西南大红山群变火山-沉积岩地球化学属性、年代格架及其构造意义

云南新平地区大红山群出露于扬子地块西南缘,主要由低绿片岩相-角闪岩相变质的火山-沉积岩组成。大红山群的岩石成因、年代格架及其形成的构造背景缺乏系统研究,制约了地质学家们全面认识和理解扬子西南缘<~1.75 Ga的构造演化历史。本文以大红山群底部老厂河组变沉积岩及其内部变火山岩夹层为重点研究对象,开展岩相学、全岩地球化学和锆石U-Pb定年等综合研究。岩石地球化学研究结果表明,变沉积岩的化学成分与大陆上地壳沉积物成分接近,原岩为成熟度较高的泥岩/页岩,未经历沉积再循环,形成于被动大陆边缘的构造背景;变火山岩原岩化学成分相当于钙碱性过铝质A型流纹岩,形成于造山后的大陆裂谷拉张环境。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,老厂河组变沉积岩的碎屑锆石记录了2.3~2.2 Ga和1.9~1.75 Ga两个主年龄峰以及2.7~2.6 Ga次年龄峰。结合前人研究结果,表明大红山群物源主要来源于扬子地块西南缘的太古宙-古元古代基底岩石。变火山岩样品的岩浆锆石核部记录了1 713~1 711 Ma的年龄,应代表老厂河组原岩的形成时代,锆石的变质增生边限定峰期变质时代为约843 Ma。综合前人研究结果表明,大红山群普遍经历了849~837 Ma的新元古代变质事件。综上所述,扬子地块西南缘的大红山群完好记录了与Columbia超大陆裂解有关的非造山岩浆活动,新元古代变质事件可能与Rodinia超大陆裂解和聚合过程密切相关。     

新疆哈密沁城一带南华系青石峡组地质特征及意义

在哈密沁城青石峡一带原划为上石炭统居里得能组中解体出一套浅变质火山-沉积岩系,岩石组合为变玄武岩、阳起石片岩、变凝灰岩,变酸性凝灰岩、变火山灰凝灰岩、霏细岩、流纹岩、变岩屑砂岩、千枚岩等,为玄武岩-流纹岩组合,安山岩较少,具双峰式火山岩特征,为裂谷型火山岩组合.火山岩岩石化学特征为碱性玄武岩系列,钠质类型,成熟度低,与裂谷火山岩吻合,稀土元素分布型式为轻稀土富集型,δEu=0.88～0.98,为Eu平坦型,具幔源岩浆特性.微量元素比值蛛网图具大陆板内裂谷玄武岩特征.构造环境判别显示为大陆裂谷环境,具高原火山岩向裂谷演化特点.同位素Sm-Nd测量年龄为707～757 Ma,为早南华世.该套火山岩特征为裂解型的裂谷火山岩,并可与库鲁克塔格地区贝义西组对比,所以这套火山岩时代定为南华纪,新建下南华统青石峡组是古亚洲洋南华纪裂解时产物,为吐哈地块演化提供了新证据.     

川西丹巴地区新元古代变质玄武岩成因及构造意义

对扬子地块西缘康滇裂谷北段的丹巴变质玄武岩进行了系统的岩石学、元素-Nd同位素地球化学研究,结果表明该岩石为碱性玄武岩,样品相对富MgO、富TiO2,Mg#值介于0.51～0.59之间.稀土总量较高,轻重稀土分馏较明显,Th、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf和LREE等不相容元素富集,Y和HREE明显亏损,地球化学特征与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)类似.岩浆形成于板内裂谷环境,起源于类似OIB的地幔源区,并在上升过程中受到了大陆岩石圈地幔(SCLM)物质不同程度的混染,同时还可能有少量下地壳物质的混染.样品在岩石化学上表现出地幔柱岩浆作用的痕迹,很可能与导致Rodinia超级大陆裂解的新元古代地幔柱事件有关.     

辽宁青城子铅锌金银矿矿集区围岩原岩恢复及其构造背景

辽宁青城子矿集区产出在辽东裂谷凹陷带,是中国北方重要的铅锌金银多金属矿集区.矿体与含矿岩系呈整合产出,受一定层位和岩性控制,其中大石桥组是铅锌的矿源层,具有高金丰度和富As的盖县组是金银的矿源层,变质作用或者韧性剪切作用使得金得到富集而成矿.铅锌矿床围岩主要为大石桥亚群杨树沟岩组大理岩、变粒岩和浅粒岩;金银矿床围岩主要为上部盖县组片岩,少量大石桥组变粒岩.围岩的岩石地球化学特征及原岩恢复表明,青城子铅锌矿围岩中的大理岩原岩为灰岩、白云岩,变粒岩、浅粒岩原岩主要为泥质砂岩,个别为火山岩;金银矿围岩中的片岩类原岩为泥岩、砂质泥岩及粉砂岩,变粒岩原岩为泥质砂岩.青城子铅锌金银围岩中的大理岩和片岩构造环境应属稳定大陆边缘,变粒岩、浅粒岩构造环境应属活动大陆边缘或岛弧.结合区域构造演化历史认为,裂谷活动所造成的地壳拉张、变形及其相关的构造-岩浆活动,为铅锌矿床的形成提供有利环境;不同级别的裂谷盆地内的沉积作用以及海底火山喷气作用、沿同生断裂发生热水沉积作用,为矿源层的形成提供成矿物质和成矿流体;吕粱期变质作用对区内铅锌矿的叠加、富集起重要的控制作用.     

闽中地区绿片岩的微量元素地球化学及其形成的构造背景

闽中地区前寒武纪龙北溪组绿片岩沿政和－大埔断裂带分布。常量元素研究表明,绿片岩的原岩为苦橄玄武岩和玄武岩。研究区内前寒武纪变质酸性火山岩常与这些基性火山岩伴生,具有“双峰式”大陆裂谷火山岩特征。本区绿片岩的微量元素地球化学特征不同于洋中脊玄武岩（MORB）及火山弧玄武岩（VAB）,具有较高浓度的大离子半径亲岩不同于洋中脊玄武岩（MORB）及火山弧玄武岩（VAB）,具有较高浓度的大离子半径亲岩元素(LILE),如K、Rb、Ba、Zr直至Ti;REE球性陨石标准模式圈为富LREE类型。δEu无异常到弱异常。利用Ti－Zr－Y,Nb－Zr－Y图判别,绿片岩为板内拉斑玄武岩(WPT)。因此,绿片岩原岩为大陆拉斑玄武岩,其形成的构造背景为大陆裂谷。这一结果对进一步研究政和一大埔断裂带性质以及华南地区构造演化具有重要意义。     

Neoproterozoic Tectonic Setting of Southeast China: New Constraints from SHRIMP U-Pb Zircon Ages and Petrographic Studies on the Mamianshan Group

<正>Precambrian tectonic history of Zhejiang,Fujian,and Jiangxi provinces of south China is important for understanding the tectonic evolution of South China but its magmatic activity, petrogenesis,stratigraphic sequence of the Mamianshan Group is still strongly controversial.Here we present new sensitive high resolution ion micro-probe(SHRIMP) U-Pb zircon geochronological data for the Mamianshan Group and petrographical data to constrain the tectonic framework of the regions.Our results showed that the SHRIMP U-Pb zircon age of green schists of the Dongyan Formation is 796.5±9.3 Ma,the Daling Formation is 756.2±7.2 Ma,and mica-quartz schist of the Longbeixi Formation is 825.5±9.8 Ma.These data indicate that the Mamianshan Group was formed not in the Mesoproterozoic,but in the Neoproterozoic and its stratigraphic sequences should be composed of Longbeixi,Dongyan,and Daling Formations from the bottom to the top.Rocks from this Group, from Zhejiang,Fujian and Jiangxi provinces,constituted the upper basement of the Cathaysia Block that overlay the lower basement of the Mayuan Group.Detailed petrographic studies demonstrate that the amphibole schists of the Dongyan Formation in the Mamianshan Group were formed within an intra-arc rift setting rather than a continental rift as previously suggested.Rather,this island-arc type formation was developed by collision and/or subduction between various blocks resulting from the breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia at c.850-750 Ma.The Zhuzhou conglomerate,distributed near Dikou Town,Jian'ou City,Fujian Province and previously considered as evidence of the Mesoproterozoic Dikou movement,is shown here not to be the basal conglomerate above the angular unconformity between the upper and lower basements.Our conclusions have important implications for understanding the Precambrian tectonics of South China.     

SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology and Nd-Sr isotopic study of the Mamianshan Group: implications for the Neoproterozoic tectonic development of southeast China

Northwestern Fujian contains abundant well-studied Precambrian basement, and was a composite terrane in Cathaysia during the Neoproterozoic; however, its magmatic activity, petrogenesis, and tectonic evolution remain controversial. This article focuses on the geochronology and geochemistry of the Neoproterozoic Group in order to resolve the above problems. We provide new SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating for the Mamianshan Group: 851.9 ± 9.2 to 825.5 ± 9.8 Ma for the Longbeixi Formation, 796.5 ± 9.3 Ma for the Dongyan Formation, and 756.2 ± 7.2 Ma for the Daling Formation. These ages document the existence of Neoproterozoic magmatism in the northwestern Cathaysia Block. Dongyan Nd-Sr isotopic data show that mafic amphibolite schists, mafic greenschists, and quartzofeldspathic schists were derived from a more depleted mantle (initial ε_Nd ? +5.5 and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio 0.703409643), a mixture of depleted mantle and crustal components (initial ε_Nd ? ?1 and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio 0.702045282–0.704147714), and late Palaeoproterozoic continental crustal materials (initial ε_Nd < ?1 and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio 0.71083603), respectively. These new data, together with previous studies, suggest a bi-subduction-collision orogenic model for the Neoproterozoic evolution of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks. Our plate tectonic scenario involves earlier NW-dipping subduction during 1.0 Ga–860 Ma along the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Block and later NW-dipping subduction near the northwestern margin of the Cathaysia Block starting at ca. 850 Ma. The 796.5 ± 9.3 Ma age of the volcanic Dongyan Formation suggests that the final assembly of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks probably occurred after ca. 800 Ma. The 756.2 ± 7.2 Ma age of the Daling Formation indicates that post-orogenic extensional magmatism took place after 800 Ma along the northwestern margin of Cathaysia.     

扬子北缘元古宇马槽园群时代归属新证据 ——对地层对比和古地理格局的启示

马槽园群是华南前寒武纪地层中的重要单元,其沉积特征及时代归属对建立和完善扬子北缘地层格架、认识和恢复当时的古地理格局有重要意义.通常认为,扬子北缘马槽园群(下部八里垭组,上部火烧尖组)是一套角度不整合于中元古界神农架群之上的新元古代磨拉石建造.取自该群下部八里垭组上部的同沉积凝灰岩样品的高精度离子探针(SHRIMP)锆石U-Pb年龄为(1165±14)Ma.该年龄数据表明,马槽园群沉积地层的形成时代应为中元古代,而不是新元古代.野外调查与沉积相分析表明,马槽园群沉积地层中滑塌包卷、正粒序等重力流沉积构造发育,主体为一套斜坡相碳酸盐岩重力流沉积,而非磨拉石建造.结合前人研究结果认为,马槽园群无论是在沉积特征还是时代归属上都不能与华南新元古代裂谷系地层进行对比,而应该属于裂谷系之下的基底地层.     

赣中南新元古代潭头群变质沉积岩物源及构造背景

赣中南一带广泛出露前震旦纪新元古代潭头群变质沉积岩,地层中火山岩较发育,属火山-沉积碎屑岩组合。其砂质岩石具有中等含量的SiO2（64．81％～71．77％,平均为68．30％）,较低的FeOt＋MgO（4．08％～6．99％,平均为5．74％）和较高的K2O／Na2O（0．75～3．33,平均为1．64）及Al2O3／TiO2（26．02～43．47,平均为31．73）。稀土总量较高（∑REE为158．44×10^-6～293．36×10^-6。平均为237．98×10^-6）,轻稀土明显富集。所有样品的稀土分布模式相似,明显向右倾斜,具有中等程度的Eu异常（δEu为0．42～0．61,平均为0．48）。微量元素平均含量与上地壳平均组分相当。地球化学特征表明,赣中南新元古代潭头群变质沉积岩可能来源于古-中元古代地层。结合变质岩的沉积环境及其火山岩特征,研究认为潭头群的构造背景属岛弧环境,可能与新元古代华夏陆块和扬子陆块的俯冲碰撞有关。     

Geochronology and Tectonic Evolution of the West Section of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt

As an important part of South China Old Land, the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt plays a significant role in explaining the assembly and the evolution of the Upper Yangtze Block and Cathaysia, as well as the structure and growth mechanism of continental lithosphere in South China.The Lengjiaxi and the Banxi groups are the base strata of the west section of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt.Thus, the research of geochronology and tectonic evolution of the Lengjiaxi and the Banxi groups is significant.The maximum sedimentary age of the Lengjiaxi Group is ca.862 Ma, and the minimum is ca.822 Ma.The Zhangjiawan Formation, which is situated in the upper part of the Banxi Group is ca.802 Ma.The Lengjiaxi Group and equivalent strata should thus belong to the Neoproterozoic in age.The Jiangnan Orogenic Belt consisting of the Lengjiaxi and the Banxi groups as important constituents is not a Greenville Orogen Belt(1.3 Ga–1.0 Ga).The Jiangnan Orogenic Belt is a recyclic orogenic belt, and the prototype basin is a foreland basin with materials derived from the southwest and the sediments belong to the active continental sedimentation.By combining large amounts of dating data of the Lengjiaxi and the Banxi groups as well as equivalent strata, the evolutionary model of the western section of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt is established as follows: Before 862 Ma, the South China Ocean was subducted beneath the Upper Yangtze Block, while a continental island arc was formed on the side near the Upper Yangtze Block.The South China Ocean was not closed in this period.From 862 Ma to 822 Ma, the Upper Yangtze Block was collided with Cathaysia; and sediments began to be deposited in the foreland basin between the two blocks.The Lengjiaxi Group and equivalent strata were thus formed and the materials might be derived from the recyclic orogenic belt.From 822 Ma to 802 Ma, Cathaysia continued pushing to the Upper Yangtze Block, experienced the Jinning-Sibao Movement(Wuling Movement); as result, the folded basement of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt was formed.After 802 Ma, Cathaysia and the Upper Yangtze Block were separated from each other, the Nanhua rift basin was formed and began to receive the sediments of the Banxi Group and equivalent strata.These large amounts of dating data and research results also indicate that before the collision of the Upper Yangtze Block with Cathaysia, materials of the continental crust became less and less from the southwest to the east in the Jiangnan Orogeneic Belt; only island arc and neomagmatic arc were developed in the eastern section.Ocean-continent subduction or continent-continent subduction took place in the western and southern sections, while intra-oceanic subduction occurred in the eastern section.Comprehensive analyses on U-Pb ages and Hf model ages of zircons, the main provenance of the Lengjiaxi Group is Cathaysia.     

华夏地块: 一个由古老物质组成的年轻陆块

对华夏地块三个主要前寒武纪地质体出露区变质岩的详细锆石年代学的综合分析显示，华夏地块大致可以被分成武夷山区和南岭-云开区。武夷山区由古元古代核和新元古代（形成于730-820 Ma）的盖层组成，构成华夏地块最老的古陆，在其深部很可能还存在一个新太古代基底。新元古代的沉积物主要来自武夷微古陆本身。南岭与云开具有相似的前寒武纪地壳组成，它们主要是由新元古代形成的沉积物夹少量火山岩组成。这些沉积物质中包含了非常古老的中太古代和新太古代组分，甚至古太古代组成。Grenville期和中元古代组分是其中最丰富的。这些组分在华夏没有对应出露的岩石，说明它们主要来自另外一个曾经与华夏相邻的陆块。该陆块很可能是东印度－东南极大陆。南岭－云开区最初可能是Rodinia超大陆裂解时形成的一个裂谷盆地，加里东的造山运动使盆地中的沉积物挤压、褶皱和隆起，与武夷陆块共同构成了一个新的年轻的大陆     

陈蔡早古生代俯冲增生杂岩对华夏与扬子地块拼合过程的指示意义

华夏地块与扬子地块的拼合时限与方式长期存在争议。本文对出露于浙江诸暨一带的原"陈蔡岩群"进行了详细的露头尺度解剖。野外地质调查表明,原"陈蔡岩群"主要由不同性质的外来岩块与基质组成。其中：代表外来岩块的大理岩及斜长角闪岩的变质年龄分别为（424.7±2.9）和（420.6±1.8）Ma,成岩年龄分别为（479.2±9.5）~（424.7±2.9）Ma和（507.7±7.8）~（420.6±1.8）Ma,斜长角闪岩原岩为具OIB（洋岛玄武岩）特征的碱性玄武岩,大理岩的原岩为海相碳酸盐岩,二者共同构成了洋岛海山组合。代表原地岩块的变长石石英砂岩主要物源区为3 620~1 530 Ma形成于活动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧环境下的古老地壳物质;与之构造混杂接触的斜长角闪岩变质年龄为（438.0±2.5）Ma,其原岩分别为形成于消减带岛弧环境的岛弧拉斑玄武岩、形成于俯冲环境下的富Nb玄武岩和洋岛海山环境下的具OIB特征的碱性玄武岩类。代表基质的含榴黑云斜长片麻岩LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测试结果表明,其变质年龄为（441.0±3.0）Ma,碎屑²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄多数为840~780 Ma,反映其物源主要来自于新元古代,且最年轻的沉积年龄限定在598 Ma,说明片麻岩原岩可能为早古生代沉积地层。陈蔡地区该套岩石组合的发现表明,原"陈蔡岩群"的构造属性应为早古生代俯冲增生杂岩。结合测区及龙游地区新发现的加里东期麻粒岩和退变榴闪岩,提出扬子与华夏两大地块碰撞于445~420 Ma。