闽中地区中新元古代东岩组地层的含矿性研究

闽中地区中新元古代东岩组变质岩为铅锌多金属矿的重要矿源层。东岩组地层由3个基性、酸性火山喷发 (溢)沉积旋回组成,具有双峰式火山岩特征。每一火山旋回都是由基性开始、酸性结束,火山喷发间歇特别是每一旋回结束期间常出现海相碳酸盐岩沉积,铅锌银矿多与基性火山岩相伴。东岩组变质岩岩石学、岩石化学分析结果揭示了东岩组变质岩原岩具有大陆裂谷拉斑玄武岩特征,形成于板内裂谷环境,构造背景为大陆板块内部张性环境。     

闽中地区绿片岩的微量元素地球化学及其形成的构造背景

闽中地区前寒武纪龙北溪组绿片岩沿政和－大埔断裂带分布。常量元素研究表明,绿片岩的原岩为苦橄玄武岩和玄武岩。研究区内前寒武纪变质酸性火山岩常与这些基性火山岩伴生,具有“双峰式”大陆裂谷火山岩特征。本区绿片岩的微量元素地球化学特征不同于洋中脊玄武岩（MORB）及火山弧玄武岩（VAB）,具有较高浓度的大离子半径亲岩不同于洋中脊玄武岩（MORB）及火山弧玄武岩（VAB）,具有较高浓度的大离子半径亲岩元素(LILE),如K、Rb、Ba、Zr直至Ti;REE球性陨石标准模式圈为富LREE类型。δEu无异常到弱异常。利用Ti－Zr－Y,Nb－Zr－Y图判别,绿片岩为板内拉斑玄武岩(WPT)。因此,绿片岩原岩为大陆拉斑玄武岩,其形成的构造背景为大陆裂谷。这一结果对进一步研究政和一大埔断裂带性质以及华南地区构造演化具有重要意义。     

赣北星子群变质岩的原岩恢复及其形成构造环境判别

对星子群变质岩的原岩性质及其形成的构造环境研究表明，星子群变质岩中的片岩和变粒岩的原岩是沉积岩，其中云母片岩的原岩为粘土岩，石英片岩和变粒岩的原岩是杂砂岩或亚杂砂岩。斜长角闪岩、角闪片岩和榴闪岩的原岩为基性火山岩。变质沉积岩的形成构造环境判别结果表明，它们形成于活动大陆边缘环境。而变质基性火山岩属于岛弧拉斑玄武岩与大洋拉斑玄武岩的过渡类型，它们形成于拉张盆地。     

闽中马面山群变质火山岩微量元素地球化学特征及其构造意义

闽中地区元古宙马面山群变质火山岩沿政和-大埔断裂带分布,根据其主要化学成分特征,应为－套“双峰式”火山岩。稀土元素地球化学特征表明：本区绿片岩及钠长变粒岩LREE富集,Eu含量基本正常,微量元素MORB标准化蛛网图和微量元素构造判别图显示样品具大陆拉斑玄武岩特征,并呈大陆裂谷性质;斜长角闪岩没有明显的Eu负异常,MORB标准化蛛网图曲线前部呈小的隆起,Nb-Ta亏损较为明显,其岩石特征具有过渡性的钙碱性玄武岩及T－MORB的地球化学属性,原始地幔及Nb标准化蛛网图显示其可能来源于亏损地幔或有陆壳物质的混染。说明本区由大陆裂谷演化发展成为初始洋盆,有岩浆喷发,并可能发生板内俯冲。因此,这些变质火山岩应形成于裂谷－初始洋盆－板内俯冲的构造环境。     

浙闽地区新元古代变火山岩系岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

浙闽地区华夏地块前寒武纪上基底主要由出露于阈西北和浙西南的马面山群、万全群和龙泉群组成.对比研究表明,以上3个岩群具有相似的构造演化、岩石组合、元素地球化学特征及形成时代,它们共同组成了统一的华夏地块变质上基底,在构造上是相连的,主要由经历了高绿片岩相-低绿帘角闪岩相变质变形作用的绿片岩和变粒岩组成,其原岩为一套双峰式火山岩,形成于新元古代中期.绿片岩的稀土配分型式右倾,轻重稀土分异较大,具洋岛玄武岩(OIB)的特征,其微量元素表现为左部"大隆起"式的特征,大离子素石元素(LILE)K,Rb,Ba,Th明显富集,Nb相对La富集,表现出大陆裂谷玄武岩的特征.绿片岩和变粒岩具有统一的岩浆演化趋势,为同源岩浆演化的产物,地球化学特征和构造判别图解显示它们形成于板内拉张的大陆裂谷环境,可能是新元古代Rodinia泛大陆裂解在华南的记录,与地幔柱的活动有关.马面山群第二类绿片岩表现出岛弧特征,可能为陆壳物质混染所致.     

新疆若羌县黑山梁地区北山岩群地质特征及构造环境

北山岩群是一套经角闪岩相主期变质作用和绿帘角闪岩相退变质作用的强变质变形地体.据岩石组合特征可划分为4个岩组:第一岩组为斜长角闪片岩夹黑云斜长片麻岩和变粒岩;第二岩组为片麻岩夹斜长角闪片岩、石英片岩、变粒岩;第三岩组为石英片岩夹大理岩、石英岩;第四岩组为石英岩夹石英片岩.经原岩恢复,第一岩组原岩主要为板内拉斑玄武岩,具向岛弧玄武岩过渡趋势;第二岩组原岩为快速沉积的碎屑岩和酸性火山岩;第三岩组原岩为碎屑岩夹碳酸盐岩;第四岩组原岩为成熟度较高的碎屑岩.据火山岩组合、碎屑组合岩特征及地球化学特征,判断其形成年代为早元古代,构造环境为早期裂谷发育速度较快,火山活动强烈,沉积物为快速沉积的碎屑岩;后期构造趋于平缓,碎屑岩成熟度升高,并夹有厚层碳酸盐岩.     

中元古界宽坪群岩石化学及微量元素特征

本文根据岩石、岩石化学及微量元素等资料分析了宽坪群的原岩类型及其形成环境。认为,宽坪群有两大类型变质岩,一类源于正常沉积,主要包括云母长英片岩类、大理岩类、石英岩类和千枚岩类,另一类源于火山沉积,包括绿片岩和角闪质岩。原岩基本组合是砂屑岩—玄武岩—碳酸盐岩、硅质岩,属火山—沉积型建造,形成环境为浅海。其中火山岩系在大陆边缘裂谷近海一侧或边缘海盆地形成。     

辽宁青城子铅锌金银矿矿集区围岩原岩恢复及其构造背景

辽宁青城子矿集区产出在辽东裂谷凹陷带,是中国北方重要的铅锌金银多金属矿集区.矿体与含矿岩系呈整合产出,受一定层位和岩性控制,其中大石桥组是铅锌的矿源层,具有高金丰度和富As的盖县组是金银的矿源层,变质作用或者韧性剪切作用使得金得到富集而成矿.铅锌矿床围岩主要为大石桥亚群杨树沟岩组大理岩、变粒岩和浅粒岩;金银矿床围岩主要为上部盖县组片岩,少量大石桥组变粒岩.围岩的岩石地球化学特征及原岩恢复表明,青城子铅锌矿围岩中的大理岩原岩为灰岩、白云岩,变粒岩、浅粒岩原岩主要为泥质砂岩,个别为火山岩;金银矿围岩中的片岩类原岩为泥岩、砂质泥岩及粉砂岩,变粒岩原岩为泥质砂岩.青城子铅锌金银围岩中的大理岩和片岩构造环境应属稳定大陆边缘,变粒岩、浅粒岩构造环境应属活动大陆边缘或岛弧.结合区域构造演化历史认为,裂谷活动所造成的地壳拉张、变形及其相关的构造-岩浆活动,为铅锌矿床的形成提供有利环境;不同级别的裂谷盆地内的沉积作用以及海底火山喷气作用、沿同生断裂发生热水沉积作用,为矿源层的形成提供成矿物质和成矿流体;吕粱期变质作用对区内铅锌矿的叠加、富集起重要的控制作用.     

内蒙古白乃庙白银都西群的形成环境及其构造意义

白乃庙地区的白银都西群主要为一套中－高级变质岩系,具有以长英质变粒岩类、云母质片岩类和角闪质岩石为主的岩石组合特征。白银都西群长英质岩类主要原岩为长石石英砂岩和泥质岩石,属于在不稳定陆壳上形成的过渡型陆屑建造,原岩形成环境相当于一种非稳定陆壳基底上的盆地环境;白银都西群中角闪质岩石原岩为基性火山岩,岩石化学成分具大陆拉斑玄武岩特征,原岩来自幔源,但含有较多陆壳组分,其形成环境相当于大陆边缘。白银都西群沉积和岩浆建造特征表明,其形成环境是拉张条件下古大陆边缘裂陷槽环境,具火山型被动大陆边缘建造特征,代表中晚元古代陆缘拉张解体早期阶段形成的拉张型过渡壳。     

北祁连山东段海原一带海原群变质岩原岩恢复及其构造背景

对海原群的岩石组成、原岩性质和构造环境的研究表明,海原群中云母片岩、石英片岩的原岩是泥质岩、杂砂岩等,大理岩、石英岩的原岩为白云岩—灰岩、石英砂岩或硅质岩,绿片岩和角闪岩的原岩为基性火山岩或次火山岩,蛇纹岩的原岩为超镁铁质岩。变质沉积岩的形成构造环境判别结果表明,它们形成于活动大陆边缘,介于岛弧与稳定陆缘之间。变质基性火山岩主要亦介于岛弧拉斑玄武岩与板内玄武岩之间,部分显示洋脊玄武岩的特征。认为海原群形成于岛弧—弧后盆地的构造环境。     

南苏鲁造山带的超高压变质岩及岩石化学研究

在南苏鲁造山带核部，古老的表壳岩和花岗质侵人岩经历了三叠纪的超高压变质作用，在超高压变质岩石抬升过程中经历了强烈的角闪岩相退变质作用改造。据岩相学和岩石化学研究，可以区分出六大类典型超高压变质岩：榴辉岩、石榴石橄榄岩、石英硬玉岩、石榴石多硅白云母片岩、硬玉石英岩和石榴石绿辉石文石岩。这些岩石的角闪岩相退变质产物分别是斜长角闪岩、蛇纹岩、长英质片麻岩、长石石英云母片岩、石英岩和大理岩。地球化学研究揭示，榴辉岩的原岩很可能是形成在大陆内部构造环境的拉斑玄武岩，而石榴石橄榄岩可能是起源于亏损的残余地幔。石英硬玉岩原岩包括正变质的花岗岩和奥长花岗岩、副变质的酸性火山碎屑岩和长石石英砂岩。大面积分布的古老花岗岩很可能是形成在大陆或大陆边缘环境。长石石英云母片岩、石英岩和大理岩的原岩为沉积岩，与副变质的长英质片麻岩和基性火山岩—起构成了古老的表壳岩组合。双峰式的酸性和基性火山岩组合的存在也证明部分表壳岩是形成在大陆环境。因此，可以推测南苏鲁造山带核部的超高压变质岩原岩为形成在大陆板内环境的沉积岩—酸性和基性火山岩—花岗岩和奥长花岗岩建造。     

Review Section

ABSTRACT

The petrology, geochronology, and geochemistry of the early Permian volcanic rocks from Houtoumiao area, south Xiwuqi County in central Inner Mongolia of China, are studied to elucidate the early Permian tectonic setting of the region. The volcanic rocks, which are interbedded with sandstone, feature both mafic and felsic compositions and show a bimodal nature. Zircon U–Pb dating reveals that the volcanic rocks formed at 274–278 Ma, similar to the ages of bimodal magmatism in neighbouring areas. The mafic rocks are composed of tholeiitic basalt, basaltic andesite, basaltic trachyandesite, and trachyandesite. They are rich in Th, U, and LILEs, depleted in HFSEs Nb, Ta, and Ti, and have positive ε_Nd(t) values (+3.6 to +7.9). Geochemical analyses indicate that the mafic rocks originated from metasomatized lithospheric mantle. The felsic volcanic rocks are mainly rhyolite, with minor trachyte and dacite. They have different evolutionary tendencies of major elements, chondrite-normalized REE patterns, and isotopic compositions from the mafic volcanic rocks, which preclude formation by fractional crystallization of mafic melts. The ε_Nd(t) values of the felsic rocks are similar to those of the Carboniferous Baolidao arc rocks in the region. It is suggested that Permian felsic melts originated from the partial melting of Carboniferous juvenile arc-related rocks. By comparison with typical Cenozoic bimodal volcanism associated with several tectonic settings, including rift, post-collisional setting, back-arc basin, and the Basin and Range, USA, the bimodal volcanic rocks in central Inner Mongolia display similar petrological and geochemical characteristics to the rocks from back-arc basin and the Basin and Range, USA. Based on the analysis of regional geological data, it is inferred that the early Permian bimodal volcanic rocks in the study area formed on an extensional continental margin of the Siberian palaeoplate after late Carboniferous subduction–accretion.     

Geochemical constraints on the evolution of mafic and felsic rocks in the Bathani volcanic and volcano-sedimentary sequence of Chotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex

The Bathani volcanic and volcano-sedimentary (BVS) sequence is a volcanic and volcano-sedimentary sequence, best exposed near Bathani village in Gaya district of Bihar. It is located in the northern fringe of the Chotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex (CGGC). The volcano-sedimentary unit comprises of garnet-mica schist, rhyolite, tuff, banded iron formation (BIF) and chert bands with carbonate rocks as enclaves within the rhyolite and the differentiated volcanic sequence comprises of rhyolite, andesite, pillow basalt, massive basalt, tuff and mafic pyroclasts. Emplacement of diverse felsic and mafic rocks together testifies for a multi-stage and multi-source magmatism for the area. The presence of pillow basalt marks the eruption of these rocks in a subaqueous environment. Intermittent eruption of mafic and felsic magmas resulted in the formation of rhyolite, mafic pyroclasts, and tuff. Mixing and mingling of the felsic and mafic magmas resulted in the hybrid rock andesite. Granites are emplaced later, cross-cutting the volcanic sequence and are probably products of fractional crystallization of basaltic magma. The present work characterizes the geochemical characteristics of the magmatic rocks comprising of basalt, andesite, rhyolite, tuff, and granite of the area. Tholeiitic trend for basalt and calc-alkaline affinities of andesite, rhyolite and granite is consistent with their generation in an island arc, subduction related setting. The rocks of the BVS sequence probably mark the collision of the northern and southern Indian blocks during Proterozoic period. The explosive submarine volcanism may be related to culmination of the collision of the aforementioned blocks during the Neoproterozoic (1.0 Ga) as the Grenvillian metamorphism is well established in various parts of CGGC.     

Neoproterozoic nascent island arc volcanism from the Nubian Shield of Egypt: Magma genesis and generation of continental crust in intra-oceanic arcs

The Neoproterozoic Wadi Ranga metavolcanic rocks, South Eastern Desert of Egypt, constitute a slightly metamorphosed bimodal sequence of low-K submarine tholeiitic mafic and felsic volcanic rocks. The mafic volcanic rocks are represented by massive and pillow flows and agglomerates, composed of porphyritic and aphyric basalts and basaltic andesites that are mostly amygdaloidal. The felsic volcanic rocks embrace porphyritic dacites and rhyolites and tuffs, which overlie the mafic volcanic rocks. The geochemical characteristics of Wadi Ranga volcanic rocks, especially a strong Nb depletion, indicate that they were formed from subduction-related melts. The clinopyroxene phenocrysts of basalts are more akin to those crystallizing from island-arc tholeiitic magmas. The tholeiitic nature of the Wadi Ranga volcanics as well as their LREE-depleted or nearly flat REE patterns and their low K₂O contents suggest that they were developed in an immature island arc setting. The subchondritic Nb/Ta ratios (with the lowest ratio reported for any arc rocks) and low Nb/Yb ratios indicate that the mantle source of the Wadi Ranga mafic volcanic rocks was more depleted than N-MORB-source mantle. Subduction signature was dominated by aqueous fluids derived from slab dehydration, whereas the role of subducted sediments in mantle-wedge metasomatization was subordinate, implying that the subduction system was sediment-starved and far from continental clastic input. The amount of slab-derived fluids was enough to produce hydrous magmas that follow the tholeiitic but not the calc-alkaline differentiation trend. With Mg# > 64, few samples of Wadi Ranga mafic volcanic rocks are similar to primitive arc magmas, whereas the other samples have clearly experienced considerable fractional crystallization.The low abundances of trace elements, together with low K₂O contents of the felsic metavolcanic rocks indicate that they were erupted in a primitive island arc setting. The felsic volcanic rocks are characterized by lower K/Rb ratios compared to the mafic volcanic rocks, higher trace element abundances (~ 2 to ~ 9 times basalt) on primitive arc basalt-normalized pattern and nearly flat chondrite-normalized REE patterns, which display a negative Eu anomaly. These features are largely consistent with fractional crystallization model for the origin of the felsic volcanic rocks. Moreover, SiO₂-REE variations for the Wadi Ranga volcanic rocks display steadily increasing LREE over the entire mafic to felsic range and enriched La abundances in the felsic lavas relative to the most mafic lavas, features which are consistent with production of the felsic volcanic rocks through fractional crystallization of basaltic melts. The relatively large volume of Wadi Ranga silicic volcanic rocks implies that significant volume of silicic magmas can be generated in immature island arcs by fractional crystallization and indicates the significant role of intra-oceanic arcs in the production of Neoproterozoic continental crust. We emphasize that the geochemical characteristics of these rocks such as their low LILE and nearly flat REE patterns can successfully discriminate them from other Egyptian Neoproterozoic felsic volcanic rocks, which have higher LILE, Zr and Nb and fractionated REE patterns.     

Volcanism on a Proterozoic continental margin in northwestern Queensland

The oldest rocks exposed in northwestern Queensland are metamorphosed calc-alkaline volcanics (Leichhardt Metamorphics), which are intruded by elongate tonalitic to granitic batholiths (Kalkadoon Granite). These rocks are overlain by a less metamorphosed sequence containing basic lavas (Magna Lynn Metabasalt) overlain by extensive ignimbritic rhyolite and dacite (Argylla Formation). Sequences of basalt and psammite overlie the rhyolite unconformably and are overlain in turn unconformably by psammitic, pelitic, carbonate and possibly evaporitic sediments and minor volcanics. Younger granites intrude these rocks.The mineral assemblages of the Leichhardt Metamorphics, Magna Lynn Metabasalt and Argylla Formation indicate greenschist and lower amphibolite facies of metamorphism. The rocks contain no glass and some are obviously recyrstallized; however, phenocrysts, lithic fragments, spherulites, amygdales and flow-top breccias are still recognizable.Sixty-nine of the least deformed volcanic and sub-volcanic rocks were analysed for major elements and up to twenty trace elements. Element dispersion in these analyses indicated that metasomatism was probably of limited extent. The Magna Lynn Metabasalt is similar to low-potassium tholeiite, as it has less than 0.5% potash, high normative hypersthene, some normative quartz and typical Ti/Zr/Y ratios. The acid volcanics have calc-alkaline affinities although andesite is not common and the alumina content is relatively low. They have high K/Na ratios and their trace elements (especially Ba, Sr, Rb, Zr and Ce) are similar to Andean volcanics. The tholeiitic sequences that overlie the calc-alkaline volcanics in northwestern Queensland resemble the basaltic sequences of western U.S.A. that also overlie calc-alkaline volcanics.The predominantly calc-alkaline volcanics of northwestern Queensland are believed to have formed at a continental margin similar to that in the Andean region. The younger tholeiitic lavas and minor continental acid volcanism possibly accompanied crustal tension. Later regional metamorphism and intrusion of large granite batholiths stabilized the region.     

北祁连东段景泰地区下古生界两套砂岩微量元素和稀土元素特征及其构造意义

早奥陶世和早志留世是北祁连加里东造山带构造演化和盆地转变的关键时期。在造山带东段景泰地区,下奥陶统阴沟组和下志留统肮脏沟组两套砂岩的微量元素和稀土元素特征显示,阴沟组杂砂岩样品（Cj1和Cj3）具有最小的Eu/Eu*及最大的Th/Sc和REE,肮脏沟组杂砂岩具有较小的Eu/Eu*和较大的Th/Sc及REE;阴沟组岩屑砂岩样品（Cj13、Cj15和Cj18）具有最大的Eu/Eu*及最小的Th/Sc、REE和La/Yb。多个物源、构造背景判别图解和多元素蛛网图分析表明,阴沟组杂砂岩样品具大陆边缘的构造背景,主要物源为大陆上地壳再旋回沉积物和长英质岩石;岩屑砂岩样品为岛弧构造背景,以中基性安山质岩石为主要物源,可能受陆源物质的微弱影响。肮脏沟组杂砂岩构造背景复杂,表现出大陆岛弧、活动陆缘和被动陆缘三种环境共存的特点,受中基性火山弧物质、长英质岩石和再旋回沉积岩的混合物源的影响。两套砂岩的元素特征表明二者可能具有相似的源区。阴沟组杂砂岩源区可能为阿拉善地块南缘海原群变沉积岩或其他相似的陆源再旋回沉积物,砂岩碎屑以来自初始火山弧物质为主,以石灰沟岛弧型中基性火山岩作为其源岩最合适。阴沟组形成于初始弧后盆地环境,是岛弧活动的直接记录。肮脏沟组可能的源岩为阿拉善地块南缘海原群变沉积岩和中高等成熟度的石灰沟岛弧型火山岩及海原群岛弧型变火山岩,沉积于弧后前陆盆地,对构造环境的反映存在滞后性。     

大陆的起源

太阳系固体星球都有类似的核-幔-壳结构,但唯独人类居住的地球具有长英质组成的大陆壳。太古宙大陆克拉通主要由英云闪长岩(Tonalite)-奥长花岗岩(Trondhjemite)-花岗闪长岩(Granodiorite)为主的TTG深成侵入体变质而成的正片麻岩和由基性-超基性酸性火山岩及少量沉积岩变质的表壳岩(绿岩)组成。已有的资料显示这些太古宙大陆岩石组合起源于大洋壳的部分熔融。大洋壳分为大洋盆地、洋中脊、岛弧和洋底高原(大洋岛)。前两者地壳的平均厚度只有5~10km,不可能成为形成太古宙TTG深成侵入体的场所。因此,长英质大陆或起源于板块构造体制下的岛弧,或起源于地幔柱体制下的洋底高原。板块构造体制下的岛弧模式能够很好地解释太古宙克拉通TTG深成岩的成因,即俯冲大洋板片部分熔融所形成的埃达克岩相当于太古宙高压(高Al2O2)型TTG,而俯冲板片脱水导致地幔楔部分熔融形成的玄武质地壳再次熔融所形成的钙碱性花岗质岩石相当于太古宙低压(低Al2O2)型TTG。然而,板块构造体制下的岛弧模式不能令人满意地解释太古宙绿岩带火山岩组合中缺少大量的安山岩、科马提岩~1600℃高温形成环境、克拉通规模近于同时侵位的TTG岩套、大规模卵形构造样式、代表性的逆时针P-T轨迹变质作用演化等诸多特征。相反,地幔柱洋底高原模式能够合理地解释太古宙绿岩双峰式火山岩组合的成因,即基性的拉斑玄武岩和超基性的科马提岩分别来自地幔柱头部部分熔融和尾柱熔浆,而酸性的英安岩、流纹质英安岩和流纹岩是地幔柱热异常导致的洋底高原底部的部分熔融物。按照地幔柱洋底高原模式,太古宙TTG岩浆是由洋底高原底部玄武质地壳的部分熔融而成,这样能够合理地解释为什么太古宙TTG能够在短时间内巨量产出并在形成时间上没有任何系统变化。地幔柱洋底高原模式还能合理地解释太古宙克拉通穹隆构造(dome-and-keel structure)样式、近等压冷却型(IBC)逆时针P-T轨迹,缺少蓝片岩和双变质带的等典型岛弧俯冲带的标志的特征。本文在对大陆起源的岛弧模式和地幔柱洋底高原模式综合评述的基础上,提出一个大陆起源于洋底高原的两阶段模式。     

The Dir-Utror metavolcanic sequence,Kohistan arc terrane,northern Pakistan

The Dir-Utror volcanic series forms a NE–SW trending belt within the northwestern portion of the Kohistan island arc terrane in the western Himalayas of northern Pakistan. The Kohistan arc terrane comprises a diverse suite of volcanic, plutonic, and subordinate sedimentary rocks of late Mesozoic to Tertiary age, developed prior to and after suturing of the Indo-Pakistan and Asiatic continental blocks. The Dir-Utror volcanic series near Dir is dominated by basaltic-andesite and andesite, with subordinate basalt, high-MgO basalt, dacite, and rhyolite. Porphyritic textures are dominant, with less common aphyric and seriate textures. Plagioclase is the dominant phenocryst in mafic to intermediate rocks, K-feldspar and quartz phenocrysts predominate in the dacites and rhyolites. Chlorite, epidote, albite, and actinolite are the most common metamorphic phases; blue-green amphibole, andesine, muscovite, biotite, kaolinite, sericite, carbonate, and opaques are widespread but less abundant. Phase assemblages and chemistry suggest predominant greenschist facies metamorphism with epidote-amphibolite facies conditions attained locally.Whole rock major element compositions define a calc-alkaline trend: CaO, FeO, MgO, TiO₂, Al₂O₃, V, Cr, Ni, and Sc all decrease with increasing silica, whereas alkalis, Rb, Ba, and Y increase. MORB-normalized trace element concentrations show enrichment of the low-field strength incompatible elements (Ce, La, Ba, Rb, K) and deep negative Nb, P, and Ti anomalies—patterns typical of subduction related magmas. Mafic volcanic rocks plot in fields for calc-alkaline volcanics on trace element discrimination diagrams, showing that pre-existing oceanic crust is not preserved here. All rocks are LREE-enriched, with La=16–112×chondrite, La/Lu=2.6–9.8×chondrite, and Eu/Eu*=0.5–0.9. Dacites and rhyolites have the lowest La/Lu and Eu/Eu* ratios, reflecting the dominant role of plagioclase fractionation in their formation. Some andesites have La/Lu ratios which are too high to result from fractionation of the more mafic lavas; chondrite-normalized REE patterns for these andesites cross those of the basaltic andesites, indicating that these lavas cannot be related to a common parent.The high proportion of mafic lavas rules out older continental crust as the main source of the volcanic rocks. The scarcity of more evolved felsic volcanics (dacite, rhyolite) can be explained by the nature of the underlying crust, which consists of accreted intra-oceanic arc volcanic and plutonic rocks, and is mafic relative to normal continental margins. Andesites with high La, La/Lu, K₂O, and Rb may be crustal melts; we suggest that garnet-rich high-pressure granulites similar to those exposed in the Jijal complex may be restites formed during partial melting of the crust.     

内蒙古中部大青山新地沟-卯独庆金矿床的构造-蚀变-成矿作用

新地沟和卯独庆金矿赋存于新太古界色尔腾山群柳树沟岩组中,是典型的与韧性一脆韧性剪切变形有关的绿岩型金矿。构造-蚀变岩石的主要类型有千糜岩化石英绢云片岩、千糜岩化绿泥绢云片岩、糜棱岩化绿泥石英片岩、绢云绿泥长英质糜棱片岩、长英质碎裂岩、黄铁绢英岩质构造片岩等。构造一蚀变岩石的岩石地球化学特征与中基性火山岩类似．其稀土元素总量∑REE（44．9×10^-6～155．4×10^-6）、LREE／HREE比值（7．0～26．1）、δEu（0．6～1．2）也显示了中基性火山原岩的特点。构造一蚀变一成矿流体的特征为富CO2的低盐度的较高密度的流体,具有造山型金矿的特点。前寒武纪绿岩带建造变质镁铁质火山岩分布的地区构造一蚀变作用强烈的地段是重要的找矿有利地区。     

大兴安岭南段林西地区中生代酸性岩类岩浆的混染作用

大兴安岭南段林西地区广泛出露以海相玄武安山岩、安山岩为主的晚古生代火山．沉积岩。中生代火山-侵入杂岩也广泛分布其中。花岗岩体的边部普遍二长花岗岩化和花岗闪长岩化(甚至出现闪长岩)，并含有丰富的以玄武质-安山质为主的岩石包体。侵入体-围岩接触带附近为围岩被岩浆侵蚀的港湾状交代反应过渡带。英安岩-粗面英安岩也含有相同的岩石包体，并且与流纹岩密切共生。岩石包体周缘的寄主岩常见淬冷边，聚集针状磷灰石，表明它被捕获时已是冷却的岩石，而非热的玄武岩浆团；它们的Nb／Ta、Zr／Hf比值、弱交代者的化学成分与晚古生代火山-沉积岩一致，Rb-Sr同位素比值散布在晚古生代火山-沉积岩等时线附近，其含量、未交代程度、尖棱状程度、刚性程度在侵入体中从内部到边部增多(强)，且较新鲜者结构构造与围岩相同，表明它们来自晚古生代火山-沉积岩组成的围岩；其含量与岩体边部的位置及二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、(粗面)英安岩的成分变化有关，表明包体成分已加入到这些岩石当中。这些岩石的环带状斜长石有两种内核：一种较富钙；另一种较贫钙。两种内核的斜长石外环成分趋同，强交代岩石包体成分和富含岩石包体的酸性岩成分趋同。两者皆记录了两种来源的物质成分同化的过程。同一岩体边部(或火山岩中)酸度较低的岩石化学成分、高场强元素在Harker图解和Nb／Ta(和Zr／Hf)-SiO2及Nb／Ta-Zr／Hf图解中具有中生代花岗或流纹岩浆与晚古生代火山-沉积岩物质混合的特征。这些事实证明林西地区中生代酸性岩浆被较基性的晚古生代火山物质混染，并生成酸度较低的混染岩浆。较基性的火山物质是在低绿片岩相变质的基础上，经钠化交代反应被酸性岩浆同化的。