Database structure for the integration of RS with GIS based on semantic network

The integration of remote sensing (RS) with geographical information system (GIS) is a hotspot in geographical information science. A good database structure is important to the integration of RS with GIS, which should be beneficial to the complete integration of RS with GIS, able to deal with the disagreement between the resolution of remote sensing images and the precision of GIS data, and also helpful to the knowledge discovery and exploitation. In this paper, the database structure storing the spatial data based on semantic network is presented. This database structure has several advantages. Firstly, the spatial data is stored as raster data with space index, so the image processing can be done directly on the GIS data that is stored hierarchically according to the distinguishing precision. Secondly, the simple objects are aggregated into complex ones. Thirdly, because we use the indexing tree to depict the relationship of aggregation and the indexing pictures expressed by 2-D strings to describe the topology structure of the objects, the concepts of surrounding and region are expressed clearly and the semantic content of the landscape can be illustrated well. All the factors that affect the recognition of the objects are depicted in the factor space, which provides a uniform mathematical frame for the fusion of the semantic and non-semantic information. Lastly, the object node, knowledge node and the indexing node are integrated into one node. This feature enhances the ability of system in knowledge expressing, intelligent inference and association. The application shows that this database structure can benefit the interpretation of remote sensing image with the information of GIS.     

RS与GIS一体化数据结构的研究

详细阐述了RS与GIS一体化的概念 ,通过对RS与GIS一体化方面的研究与分析 ,进一步明确RS与GIS一体化对空间数据存储结构的要求 ,着重探讨了几种典型的用于RS与GIS一体化的数据结构 ,针对现有数据结构存在的问题与不足 ,提出了一种具有普遍适用价值的基于语义网络的空间数据存储结构 ,并给出一个应用实例     

Study on gis data directly integrated into image processing

The basic properties to be dealt with ,when considering initially the research needs related to the integration of remote sensing (RS) information into a geographic information system (GIS),are many-sided.The primary combination of remote sensing and GIS is mainly realized by the transforms of data structure .Because of its own limitations,there is an urgent need to investigate the integration of RS and GIS in higher levels.In this paper,we discuss the different types of combinations of RS with GIS,and propose that GIS data should be directly brought into image processing from the beginning.A tentative idea of how to use the method of granularity to study the common processing unit of RS and GIS is described.The example for the determination of granularity of spatial data processing related to run-length-code line is also given.     

Study on gis data directly integrated into image processing

The basic properties to be dealt with, when considering initially the research needs related to the integration of remote sensing (RS) information into a geographic information system (GIS), are many-sided. The primary combination of remote sensing and GIS is mainly realized by the transforms of data structure. Because of its own limitations, there is an urgent need to investigate the integration of RS and GIS in higher levels. In this paper, we discuss the different types of combinations of RS with GIS, and propose that GIS data should be directly brought into image processing from the beginning. A tentative idea of how to use the method of granularity to study the common processing unit of RS and GIS is described. The example for the determination of granularity of spatial data processing related to run-length-code line is also given.     

将GIS数据直接纳入图像处理

探讨了RS与GIS在空间数据处理过程中各种可能的结合方式,明确了目前RS与GIS集成中的一个重要任务就是将GIS数据直接纳入图像处理;同时提出,解决这个问题应先从空间数据处理的粒度入手,即寻找RS与GIS共同的处理单元。给出了将GIS数据直接纳入图像处理的实例,说明在行程线这个粒度上已能将RS与GIS很好地结合在一起了。     

GIS辅助下的遥感图像分类与识别

RS与GIS有着紧密的关系和很强的互支持性,RS为GIS提供了最好的一种数据获取手段,而GIS则可以用来辅助进行遥感图像分析,提高分析的精度和可靠性,因此两者的集成是十分必要的。     

应急多源遥感元数据库集成系统的本体研究

遥感技术可以为应急救灾提供及时、准确和直观的信息。但由于存在多源数据库的数据异构和语义冲突等问题,导致大量的数据难以被有效地利用,严重影响了遥感技术在减灾救灾中的应用效果。本文利用元数据对多源异构遥感数据进行管理,提出了一种基于本体的异构数据集成共享方法,并在此基础上开发了一套针对灾害库应急的多源遥感数据库集成系统。实验表明,该方法能较好解决异构数据语义冲突问题,在一定程度上实现了在语义层次上的信息集成与共享。     

利用GIS技术和RS技术减灾防灾

减灾防灾是一项需要多学科知识融会贯通的长期工程。灾难的发生是由多种因素造成的,在分析管理的时候,需要大量的数据源,因而,分析过程相当地耗时耗费。近年,由于能够高效提供详细、精确的相关数据．GIS技术和RS技术在灾难管理方面应用广泛、发展迅速,遥感技术提供灾情数据．GIS技术通过模型将各种数据有机地整合起来,包括空间数据、非空间数据、属性数据,使它们在灾难管理的各个阶段发挥不同的作用。     

遥感图像自动解译面临的问题与解决的途径

遥感图像自动解译的目的是为了满足人们从海量遥感数据中快速识别与获取不同专题信息的需要。目前图像自动解译主要依赖地物光谱特征 ,其解译精度不高。解决这一问题的主要途径包括 :抽取遥感图像多种特征并综合利用这些特征 ,利用遥感图像解译背景数据库 ,在地理信息系统支持下实现背景数据与遥感信息覆合 ,采用专家系统完成遥感图像自动解译。     

Using Ontologies for Integrated Geographic Information Systems

Today, there is a huge amount of data gathered about the Earth, not only from new spatial information systems, but also from new and more sophisticated data collection technologies. This scenario leads to a number of interesting research challenges, such as how to integrate geographic information of different kinds. The basic motivation of this paper is to introduce a GIS architecture that can enable geographic information integration in a seamless and flexible way based on its semantic value and regardless of its representation. The proposed solution is an ontology-driven geographic information system that acts as a system integrator. In this system, an ontology is a component, such as the database, cooperating to fulfill the system's objectives. By browsing through ontologies the users can be provided with information about the embedded knowledge of the system. Special emphasis is given to the case of remote sensing systems and geographic information systems. The levels of ontologies can be used to guide processes for the extraction of more general or more detailed information. The use of multiple ontologies allows the extraction of information in different stages of classification. The semantic integration of aerial images and GIS is a crucial step towards better geospatial modeling.     

利用单张航空像片和DEM实现GIS空间数据的更新

利用遥感信息获取空间地理数据是ＧＩＳ与ＲＳ技术集成应用研究的重要方面。运用数字地形数据和共线方程，对扫描数字化的单张调绘航片进行数字纠正，从而更新ＧＩＳ空间数据库的方法，是一种可供选择且很有吸引力的空间源数据获取方法。本文介绍的系统可在没有摄影测量设备的情况下运行，所需的硬件设备并不昂贵．其特点和精度均能较好地适用于大比例尺ＧＩＳ的应用。     

面向多分辨率层次结构的遥感影像分析方法

将输入数据源经过扩展分段处理，形成具有不同分辨率层次结构的影像目标。通过构建同层次目标之间、不同分辨率层次目标之间的关系，将目标识别、目标语义提取以及影像信息提取集成在单一的平台完成。     

点分布-双蛇模型用于矢量边界更新

在利用遥感影像更新GIS矢量数据的过程中,往往忽略了对已知信息的有效利用,针对这一问题,本文提出一种基于点分布的双蛇模型用于GIS矢量数据更新,该模型利用已有遥感影像信息计算目标边界点的平均分布,以此为"镜面"建立初始矢量边界的"镜像",将两边界各自演化的结果取平均作为更新后的GIS矢量边界。该方法同时利用了GIS和遥感的历史数据作为先验知识,分别作为蛇模型的初始位置和区域约束信息,使遥感与GIS信息结合更加紧密。仿真实验表明,基于点分布的双蛇模型在GIS矢量边界更新的应用中,可以得到比以传统蛇模型更好的更新准确率和多边形相似度,并且接近手工方法的效果。     

多源海量统计遥感数据集成管理技术研究

统计遥感业务是国家统计局基于统计业务对空间信息的发展和应用需求,将GIS、Rs和GPS空间信息技术全面应用于统计数据的获取、管理与分析中,从而提高统计效率和统计科技含量,构建新型国家统计业务体系。统计遥感业务数据具有多源、海量的特点,实现统计遥感数据的集成与管理是新型统计遥感业务成功运转的基础。针对统计遥感业务及数据应用需求,通过对各类空间数据集成与管理技术进行研究,提出在建立统计遥感空间数据库基础上,将影像以县级为单位进行拼接、然后压缩存储到统计遥感空间数据库,同时结合影像编目技术实现海量遥感影像的管理;提出将元数据管理和数据转换、数据直接访问以及数据互操作方式,实现多源统计遥感数据的集成与管理。通过多种方式,从应用层面较好地解决了海量、多源统计遥感数据的集成与管理,提升了统计遥感数据的应用范围。     

基于遥感影像理解模型的土地利用时空变化监测——以龙口市为例

本文从遥感影像理解模型出发,探讨了遥感信息的知识发现及特征提取问题,特别针对士地利用研究领域,提出了纳入GIS信息的遥感影像综合理解模型,将GIS数据(主要包括高程和坡度)与遥感影像结合起来,从中发现知识,并将知识用于遥感影像的专题信息提取,建立了地学规律知识库,从而提高了遥感影像的分类精度。本文基于遥感影像理解模型,发现土地利用变化区域,提取变化信息,动态地监测了龙口市土地利用的时空变化情况。     

Ontology‐supported Querying of Geographical Databases

Querying geographical information systems has been recognized as a difficult task for non‐expert users. Furthermore, user queries are often characterized by semantic aspects not directly managed by traditional spatial databases or GIS. Examples of such semantic geospatial queries are the use of implicit spatial relations between objects, or the reference of domain concepts not explicitly represented in data. To handle such queries, we envisage a system that translates natural language queries into spatial SQL statements on a database, thus improving standard GIS with new semantic capabilities. Within this general objective, the contribution of this article is to introduce a methodology to handle semantic geospatial queries issued over a spatial database. This approach captures semantics from an ontology built upon the spatial database and enriched by domain concepts and properties specifically defined to represent the localization of objects. Some examples of the use of the methodology in the urban domain are presented.     

四川省及成都地区土地利用/覆被变化建库与对比研究

为探讨近年四川省部分地区严重旱涝灾害天气成因,利用遥感(RS)、地理信息系统(G IS)和全球定位系统(GPS)技术建立了四川省及成都地区2000~2004年土地利用/覆被变化数据库,并对四川省及成都地区2000~2004年土地利用/覆被变化信息进行对比研究,对四川省部分地区与成都地区近年气候差异成因进行探讨。     

“3S”技术在四川生态环境动态监测中的应用研究

为有效实现四川省生态环境的动态监测,运用RS、GIS和GPS技术,以2004年中巴资源卫星(CBERS-02)遥感影像数据为信息源,2000年TM遥感影像解译的数据为基础,对2004年遥感影像进行解译,修改2000年数据库;手持GPS接收机,在野外对解译成果进行验证,更新数据库;利用GIS技术的空间分析功能,提取出2000～2004年期间土地利用/覆被变化信息,得到2000～2004年期间四川省高精度的土地利用/覆被变化数据库。最后对四川省土地利用/覆被变化信息进行分析,对四川省生态环境的下一步研究指名了方向。     

地理本体驱动的遥感影像面向对象分析方法

针对遥感影像面向对象分析技术存在的“分类过程中专家分析不同带来的分类结果不一致”问题,提出地理本体驱动的“地理实体描述-模型构建-影像对象分类”解译框架。首先,利用地理本体建立影像对象客观特征与地理专家知识的联系,实现对地理实体的描述与表达;其次,利用知识工程方法以及计算机可操作的形式化本体语言构建影像对象特征、分类器的本体模型,形成语义网络模型;最后,联合语义网络模型与专家规则实现影像对象的语义分类。地表覆盖分类实验结果表明,该方法不仅能够得到反映真实地理对象的遥感影像分类结果,而且能够掌握地理实体的语义信息,实现地表覆盖分类知识的共享与语义网络模型的复用,为遥感影像面向对象分析提供了一种全局性的解译分析框架及其方法。     

遥感图像准无损压缩技术的研究

提出了一种基于图像恢复技术的遥感图像压缩技术,在提高遥感图像压缩比的同时,使压缩后的重建图像质量达到准无损的技术要求。对SRTF、TM图像的试验结果表明,该技术是可行的。