鄂尔多斯盆地中生界低幅度构造岩性圈闭油气储层预测技术

鄂尔多斯盆地天环向斜中生界油气储层为低幅度构造背景下的砂岩岩性圈闭储层,与围岩波阻抗差小,常规的地震储层预测方法精度低。针对储层的地质地球物理特征,提出了地震地层分析与物性反演的储层预测技术方案,提高了储层预测精度。     

地震反演技术在辽河兴隆台地区沙三段储层预测中的应用

地震反演是储层预测三大技术系列的核心,其充分利用地震资料在横向分辨率、测井资料在纵向分辨率上的优势,对储层的空间分布特征进行合理的预测。在对辽河兴隆台地区沙三段地层特征、储层难点分析的基础上,通过地震资料品质的研究与正演分析、测井曲线标准化处理、子波提取与精细合成记录标定等前期处理工作,优选反演参数,并应用约束稀疏脉冲反演技术对沙三段进行了储层预测,精细地刻画了储层的空间展布特征,并落实和优选了2个有利圈闭,部署探井2口,为该区的井位部署及储量上报提供了地质依据。     

鄂尔多斯盆地碳酸盐岩风化壳储层综合评价技术

如何综合利用钻井、地质、测井、地震资料进行碳酸盐岩风化壳储层评价是鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界天然气勘探中亟须解决的问题。利用测井资料采用选代拟合的方法进行岩石物性分析,用正反演模型、合成记录及特征相关法在“三高”和波阻抗反演剖面上进行精细的层位标定;根据对碳酸盐岩风化壳沉积特征分析,提出了求取风化壳泥质含量的方法并应用此结果在BCI剖面上消除了风化壳泥质合量的变化对速度、波阻抗的影响,实现风化壳储层空间展布和厚度的准确预测;采用AVO岩性反演、波形特征分类和人工神经网络模式识别方法进行了储层特征的综合评价,提出了下一步的勘探目标。     

多地震属性优化的神经网络技术在鄂尔多斯盆地高阻抗砂岩储层预测中的应用

由地震数据体提取的地震属性值可能与某些地质参数具有很大的相关性,但同时单属性参数具有多解性。利用多地震属性优化下的神经网络技术对鄂尔多斯盆地高阻抗砂岩储层预测的实践表明,该技术有效避免了单属性多解性和多属性综合判别精度低的缺点,提高了利用地震属性预测高阻抗砂岩储层的精度。     

鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界地层AVO技术的应用

AVO技术是利用振幅随炮检距 (或入射角 )变化的规律 ,求取地下地层的岩性信息。鄂尔多斯盆地是典型克拉通盆地 ,构造平缓 (倾角不到 1°) ,断层不发育 ,非常适用 AVO理论假设反射层为水平层这一基本条件。根据工区的地震地质特征 ,在 AVO分析的基础上 ,应用钻井地质、测井资料设计的模型 AVO正演及反演的研究 ,总结了一套在现有地震分辨率条件下的鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界储层 AVO响应特征。即 :无论砂岩储层是否含气 ,其底部反射振幅随入射角增加均会出现从强到弱—极性反转—从弱到强的现象 ,只是反转的角度有所差异 ;在梯度剖面上 ,含气砂岩与不含气砂岩的亮点特征差异较大。据此响应特征预测了有利的储集区。     

高分辨率层序地层格架内储层的综合预测方法

以苏丹L盆地G油田辫状河三角洲储层为例,结合地震、测井和地质资料,总结出综合预测砂岩储层的方法。在井震结合划分和建立五级高分辨率层序地层格架的基础上,首先,利用岩心、录井、测井相分析井点沉积微相,并根据三维地震反演数据体和地震属性,从剖面和平面上分析井间砂体分布特征;其次,综合井点信息和平面砂体分布认识,分析各砂组的沉积微相平面展布,编制沉积微相平面展布图;最后,通过测井相、地震反演成果和地震属性相结合,对砂岩储层进行定量预测,编制砂体平面展布图,为油田开发方案编制提供地质依据。     

地震反演技术在西江油田中的应用

地震反演综合应用了测井资料在垂向上的分辨力和地震资料在横向上的连续性以及所包含的丰富的岩性和物性信息,把界面性的地震数据转换成岩层性的测井数据,使其能与钻井、测井直接对比,并以岩层为单元进行地质解释,研究储层特征的空间变化,描述储层的分布特征,为勘探开发提供重要依据。在西江24-3油田的应用中对比各种反演方法的适用性,举例介绍了针对复杂地质情况时反演应用的关键技术环节。根据工区的已知钻井等地质资料,利用反演波阻抗数据体对工区进行了研究,并对储层进行预测。     

南黄海海相地层速度的提取及其特征

南黄海盆地特殊的地震地质条件导致准确获得海相地层速度存在困难。基于本区的多道地震资料,联合使用多数据质控速度分析、初至波层析反演及层控网格层析反演3种方法,提取出了较为可靠的海相中-古生界速度信息。结合提取的地震速度及下扬子区已有钻井信息,总结了南黄海主要海相地层的速度分布。本区海相地层速度整体呈高低相间分布结构,存在速度的突变和倒转。海相下构造层速度高,不同地层间速度差异较小。由于海相下构造层无钻井资料约束,获得的速度信息仍存在不确定性。     

靖边潜台西侧奥陶系马家沟组马五4段沉积微相研究

鄂尔多斯盆地靖边奥陶系马五4段为该区天然气主力产层之一,对其储层地质特征的详细研究对进一步勘探与开发具有重要的意义.以鄂尔多斯盆地靖边气田西部马五4段为研究对象,在总结前人研究的基础上,综合应用岩心、测录井以及分析化验资料,以沉积岩石学理论为指导,以单因素分析多因素综合作图法为方法论,进行沉积相类型识另、沉积相平面展布...     

利用地震波组特征研究杭锦旗地区上古生界下部地层展布

通过对过井地震反射特征的分析,把地震波组特征与已知的地层展布联系起来,并利用这些特征推测未知区地层展布边界,从而达到利用地震资料研究地层展布特征的目的。杭锦旗地区上古生界下部地层变化大,局部区域存在地层尖灭现象。由于本区钻井较少,利用地震资料研究上古生界山西组、太原组的展布,从而为该区构造解释、储层反演初始模型的建立提供基础资料显得尤为重要。     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

A model of the dynamics of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov

We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

On the Relationship between the Characteristics of the Annual Variations of the Virtual Height of the Ionospheric Sporadic E Layer with the Seasonal Rearrangements of the Stratomesospheric Circulation

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1...     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.