鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田储层成岩作用与模拟

通过苏里格气田气层与非气层的岩石学特征、成岩作用、储集特征对比,分析了气层与非气层成岩相的差异。气层主要发育在粗粒岩屑石英砂岩溶孔成岩相和含泥粗粒岩屑石英砂岩溶孔相中,非气层则主要发育在含泥(中)细粒岩屑石英砂岩致密压实相和含泥(中)粗粒岩屑石英砂岩残余粒间孔相中。通过流体-岩石相互作用物理和数学模拟,在成岩演化中成岩阶段A期,大量有机酸的排出,溶蚀了苏里格气田储层凝灰质和长石等易溶组分,形成次生孔隙。由于沉积水体能量强弱差别、成岩作用的不同,中粗粒与细粒沉积物成岩演化途径不同,中粗粒沉积物次生孔隙发育,残余一定的原生孔隙,总孔隙度较大,易形成气层;细粒沉积物原生孔隙消失殆尽,次生孔隙少,总孔隙度很小,不易形成气层。     

陆梁油田储层成岩作用与孔隙演化

对陆梁油田白垩系及侏罗系储层成岩作用过程的研究表明,储层的孔隙演化主要与压实作用、溶蚀作用和胶结作用等有密切关系。压实作用、石英次生加大和高岭石的后期充填作用是使孔隙遭受破坏的主要成岩作用类型,长石和碳酸盐矿物的溶蚀作用是形成次生孔隙的主要成岩作用类型。各种成岩作用的时空配置关系控制着孔隙的发育程度;储层孔隙发育具垂向分带性,在纵向上发育一个次生孔隙带,这对预测本区储层物性的空间分布具有重要意义。     

靖安油田延长组长6段低孔低渗透储层特征及评价

靖安油田延长组长6段储层为湖相三角洲前缘砂体，长6期是三角洲建设的高峰期，发育三角洲水下分流河道与河口砂坝砂体及远坝微相。孔隙空间主要是原生孔隙及由次生原因形成的孔隙和裂缝。研究表明：孔隙的形成和演化受成岩作用的控制。主要成岩作用有机械压实作用，胶结作用和溶蚀作用。压实作用，胶结作用不利于孔隙的演化，而溶蚀作用有利于次生孔隙的形成。从而使某些砂岩段在低孔低渗储层中形成较发育的次生溶蚀孔隙的成岩微裂缝，并成为有效孔隙，通过综合评价认为，水下分流河道和河口砂坝微相为本区最好的储集层。     

鄂尔多斯盆地镇北地区长3砂岩的成岩作用及其对储层的影响

根据砂岩薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X-衍射分析,研究了鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田镇北地区长3储层的成岩作用特征,认为该区长3储层处于晚成岩A期阶段,压实作用和胶结作用强烈地破坏了砂岩的原生孔隙结构,溶蚀作用和破裂作用则有效地改善了砂岩的孔隙结构。该区长3储层发育溶蚀作用相、压实作用相、胶结作用相和自生绿泥石胶结残余孔隙相,储层成岩相发育状况决定了孔隙结构的发育特征。发育次生孔隙相和残余孔隙相的砂岩具有较好的孔隙结构,孔渗较高;压实作用相和胶结作用相发育的砂岩具有很差的孔隙结构,孔渗很低。      

川西坳陷中段须家河组四段钙屑砂岩气层的成因

钙屑砂岩在川西坳陷须家河组四段分布特别广,几乎每个构造、每口井都能见到。岩石大部分致密,目前只在局部井段见到孔隙发育能成为有效储集层。在大量岩石薄片鉴定及资料统计的基础上,对丰谷地区钙屑砂岩的岩石学、成岩作用、储集物性和孔隙发育特征进行了详细的研究。结果表明,丰谷地区钙屑砂岩气层单层砂体厚度大,碳酸盐岩岩屑含量高,方解石胶结物含量低,次生孔隙发育,孔隙类型主要为溶蚀粒间孔。天然气主要来自下三叠统马鞍塘组、须家河组三段、须家河组四中亚段烃源岩。本区钙屑砂岩气层与所经历成岩作用密切相关,属于成岩圈闭型气层。丰谷地区钙屑砂岩气层的形成过程对于勘探类似岩性气藏具有借鉴与指导意义。     

准噶尔盆地陆1井砂岩成岩作用及其对储层的影响

本文探讨了陆1井岩屑砂岩的成岩作用及其对砂岩储层的影响.研究表明,压实作用使岩屑砂岩的孔隙度随埋深迅速减小,成岩早期的胶结物使大部分原生孔隙被充填。水化作用在成岩早期及有机质半成熟和成熟期成岩作用过程中,制约着各个阶段的成岩作用特点。在水化作用和有机质热演化作用的共同影响下,使得方解石胶结物发生选择性溶蚀形成了深部(上乌尔禾组)次生孔隙发育带。     

准噶尔盆地阜北地区下侏罗统三工河组二段成岩作用及成岩相

利用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X-衍射、物性、压汞等分析化验资料,对阜北地区下侏罗统三工河组二段储层岩石学特征、物性及孔隙结构特征、成岩作用、成岩矿物、成岩环境、所处成岩阶段、成岩演化序列、成岩相等进行研究。结果表明,阜北地区三工河组二段储层砂岩现今已进入中成岩B期,主要发育压实压溶、胶结、溶蚀等成岩作用,压实作用和胶结作用是孔隙度降低的主要原因,溶蚀作用形成的次生孔隙在一定程度上改善了储层物性。根据成岩作用类型和强度、成岩矿物及其对储层物性的影响,划分出3种成岩相:中等压实弱胶结弱溶蚀相、中等压实中等胶结中等溶蚀相、中等压实强胶结中等溶蚀相,其中,中等压实弱胶结弱溶蚀相和中等压实中等胶结中等溶蚀相为有利成岩相带。     

松辽盆地长岭凹陷中部上白垩统砂岩成岩作用及成岩相带

松辽盆地长岭凹陷中部上白垩统储层砂岩主要类型为岩屑长石砂岩,经历的成岩作用主要有以机械压实为主的压实作用,碳酸盐、粘土矿物、硅酸盐及硅质胶结为主的胶结作用,以长石、岩屑等不稳定组分溶解为主的溶蚀作用和局部发育的交代作用.研究区储层孔隙类型以粒间孔隙、粒内溶孔和铸模孔为主,其中粒间孔隙最为发育.储层砂岩成岩演化阶段处于早成岩B期—中成岩B期,主要为中成岩A期.结合沉积相和成岩作用特征,深入探讨了适合本区的成岩相的划分方案,划分的主要成岩相类型为压实成岩相、碳酸盐胶结相、不稳定组分溶蚀相、硅质胶结相和钠长石成岩相,成岩相决定储层的性能,不稳定组分溶蚀相和钠长石成岩相构成了本区的有利成岩相带.     

成岩作用对致密砂岩储层储集性的控制作用研究：以川西新场气田上沙溪 …

在新场气田上沙溪庙组气藏储层宏观沉积特征研究的基础上,采用岩石薄片,铸体薄片,扫描电镜及Ｘ射线衍射等方法,对该气藏储层的成岩作用及其对储集性的影响进行了深入系统的探讨。总结出晚成岩Ｂ－期的溶蚀作用形成的次生孔隙是与烃类气体运移相匹配的,是天然气聚集的主要储集空间;而中晚期的方解石胶结则是形成成岩封闭的关键。     

潜江凹陷拖市地区新沟嘴组下段三油组聚集期孔隙初步研究

成岩作用控制了拖市地区新沟嘴组下段三油组聚集期孔隙的形成和分布,聚集期孔隙的分布控制了油气的分布,本区三油组有两期聚集期孔隙,一期主要是粒间碳酸盐胶结物溶蚀形成的孔隙,另一期主要是长石等颗粒溶蚀形成的孔隙,它们均主要在风暴水沟砂岩中发育,并先后聚集了石油。第一次聚集的低成熟石油因断裂运动而散失氧化,故第一期孔隙成为无效孔隙;而第二次聚集的高成熟石油被保存下来,第二期孔隙是有效孔隙。     

辽东湾旅大地区古近系成岩作用与储集层孔隙关系研究

辽东湾旅大地区古近系储层砂岩类型主要为长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩,岩屑成分主要为岩浆岩和较多的变质岩.胶结类型以孔隙式胶结为主,孔隙类型以次生孔隙为主.砂岩成岩作用包括压实作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用等,其中胶结作用使储层原生孔隙迅速变差,而溶蚀作用是次生孔隙发育的主要因素.成岩作用对砂岩储集层的孔隙结构起着显著的改造作用,孔隙度演化与成岩阶段有较好的对应关系.     

Quartz Cement in Middle Jurassic Reservoir Sandstones in North Sea A Review. Part II： Duration and Silica Sources

The timing and duration of quartz cementation in sandstones have been mainly inferred from diagenetic texture, relationship between pore filling minerals, fluid inclusions and isotopic data. Fluid inclusion temperatures from North Sea reservoir sandstones indicate that most of the quartz cement forms at temperature exceeding 90℃ and is continually proceeding after oil emplacement, based on the fluid inclusion temperatures in quartz overgrowth which is approaching the bottom-hole temperatures. The duration of quartz cement after oil emplacement depends upon the saturation of porewater and the distribution of pore water film and the property of water-wet or oil-wet of the reactants. The leaching of K-feldspar by meteoric water requires pore water flow to move the released potassium and sodium and silica out the solution, which suggests the mechanism does not appear to be a major source of silica for quartz cementation. The quartz cementation coincidence with the compaction and pressure solution suggests the major source of silica. The alteration of feldspar by illitization of kaolinite may serve as another important source of silica at deep burial depth. External sources are not need to call on for illustrating the quartz cementation, because there is no evidences for large scale convection of pore water flow occurred in the burial history of reservoir sandstones of middle Jurassic in the North Sea.     

羌塘盆地中上侏罗统砂岩储集性特征

在大量野外露头资料研究的基础上,运用岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、常规物秘、毛细管压力曲线和图象分析等手段。对羌塘盆地侏罗系砂岩的渗性及孔隙结构等特征作了详细研究,孔隙类型主要为次生溶孔,偶见剩余原生粒间孔,它们基本上属于低孔低渗致密储集层,同时孔隙的微观结构较差。强裂的机械压实作用是导致砂岩孔隙结构变差的主要因素;早期碳酸盐胶结作用较弱,使得的机械压实作用是导致砂岩孔隙结构变差的主要因素;早期碳     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘延长组长6砂岩孔喉类型及演化特征

鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘宜川-旬邑地区中生界延长组长6段主要为三角洲前缘沉积环境,局部发育湖底滑塌扇体.岩心观察、薄片分析、扫描电镜及压汞测试表明:长6砂岩的孔隙类型以残余原生粒间孔为主;其次为溶蚀孔隙,以长石溶孔为主;见少量构造裂缝及微缝.多是片状喉道和弯片状喉道,喉道小,孔隙结构差,以细孔-微喉型为主.砂岩初始孔隙为34.59%,压实作用和胶结作用损失27.81%孔隙度,溶蚀作用仅新增次生孔隙0.84%,造成长6砂岩现今平均孔隙度在7%～8%之间,形成储集空间以残余原生粒间孔为主的低孔-超低孔致密砂岩储层.     

鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾区块延长组长81储层成岩作用特征及其对储集物性的影响

鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾区块上三叠统延长组长81储层具有成分成熟度低,结构成熟度中等到好的特点,岩性以岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主.长81砂岩属于特低孔特低渗储层,以次生溶蚀粒间孔为主要储集空间.目前储层正处于中成岩阶段A期,主要发育压实、胶结、溶解和交代4种成岩作用类型.机械压实作用是造成长81储层埋深小于2000 m砂岩...     

Diagenesis in the Middle Jurassic Khatatba Formation sandstones in the Shoushan Basin,northern Western Desert,Egypt

The Middle Jurassic Khatatba Formation acts as a hydrocarbon reservoir in the subsurface in the Western Desert, Egypt. This study, which is based on core samples from two exploration boreholes, describes the lithological and diagenetic characteristics of the Khatatba Formation sandstones. The sandstones are fine‐ to coarse‐grained, moderately to well‐sorted quartz arenites, deposited in fluvial channels and in a shallow‐marine setting. Diagenetic components include mechanical and chemical compaction, cementation (calcite, clay minerals, quartz overgrowths, and a minor amount of pyrite), and dissolution of calcite cements and feldspar grains. The widespread occurrence of an early calcite cement suggests that the Khatatba sandstones lost a significant amount of primary porosity at an early stage of its diagenetic history. In addition to calcite, several different cements including kaolinite and syntaxial quartz overgrowth occur as pore‐filling and pore‐lining cements. Kaolinite (largely vermicular) fills pore spaces and causes reduction in the permeability of the reservoir. Based on framework grain–cement relationships, precipitation of the early calcite cement was either accompanied by or followed the development of part of the pore‐lining and pore‐filling cements. Secondary porosity development occurred due to partial to complete dissolution of early calcite cements and feldspar. Late kaolinite clay cement occurs due to dissolved feldspar and has an impact on the reservoir quality of the Khatatba sandstones. Open hydraulic fractures also generated significant secondary porosity in sandstone reservoirs, where both fractures and dissolution took place in multiple phases during late diagenetic stages. The diagenesis and sedimentary facies help control the reservoir quality of the Khatatba sandstones. Fluvial channel sandstones have the highest porosities and permeabilities, in part because of calcite cementation, which inhibited authigenic clays or was later dissolved, creating intergranular secondary porosity. Fluvial crevasse‐splay and marine sandstones have the lowest reservoir quality because of an abundance of depositional kaolinite matrix and pervasive, shallow‐burial calcite and quartz overgrowth cements, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Controlling factors of reservoir quality in low-permeability reservoir within a sequence stratigraphic framework: a case study of the lower Jurassic sandstones in the Northern margin of the Qaidam Basin,China

The Qaidam Basin, one of China’s most prolific petroliferous basins, is located in the northeastern corner of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Using analytical data from cores, thin-sections and seismic data, and combined with the previous sequence stratigraphy research results, research on the reservoir characteristics was undertaken. The main controlling factors of reservoir quality in the sequence stratigraphy framework in the Lenghu area are discussed. The Lower Jurassic includes lowstand system tract (LST) and transitional systems tract (TST); the highstand systems tract are missing owing to tectonic uplift. The Lower Jurassic sandstones are composed of moderately to poorly sorted, subrounded sandstone representing several representative environments, including fan-delta and lacustrine facies. The main types of the Lower Jurassic sandstones are mostly feldspathic litharenite and lithic sandstone. The pore types of the Lower Jurassic sandstones are mainly secondary dissolution pores with few fracture types. The Lower Jurassic sandstones have experienced strong compaction that resulted in the loss of primary porosity. Carbonate cementation of the LST sandstones is greater than in the TST sandstones. Dissolution, which has an important role in reservoir development, is mainly caused by acidic fluids from the matured source rocks in the LST and meteoric water ingression from the top sequence boundary in the TST. Distributary channel sandstones adjacent to coal and mudstones are favourable reservoirs with turbidite sandstones adjacent to the sequence boundary less favourable reservoirs.     

彭阳油田延长组长3段砂岩储层质量控制因素研究

彭阳油田位于鄂尔多斯盆地西南部,其上三叠统延长组长3段砂岩已发现商业油流,但是对其储层砂岩质量控制因素仍然缺乏了解。本文根据钻井、测井、岩心观察、铸体薄片、扫描电镜与岩心物性资料,研究了长3段层序格架与沉积相、砂岩成分与成岩作用特征及其对长3段砂岩储层质量的影响。长3段砂岩为发育在高位体系域早期的具有加积-进积准层序组特征的小型辫状河三角洲平原分流河道沉积,砂体孤立而不连续,成岩环境流体循环不畅而相对封闭,不利于早成岩期酸性大气水的普遍淋滤。长3段砂岩以长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑砂岩为主。高岩屑和长石含量使砂岩在早期成岩压实中损失了大量粒间孔,高白云岩岩屑含量促进了埋藏成岩期间硬石膏与铁白云石的大量胶结,进一步减少了粒间孔隙。三角洲平原环境促进了早期成岩过程中颗粒蒙脱石包膜的形成,并在埋藏成岩过程中转换为绿泥石包膜或伊利石,尤其是绿泥石包膜抑制了石英增生,使粒间孔得以保存。早成岩期的酸性大气水与埋藏成岩期的有机酸对长石、云母或岩屑的溶蚀对砂岩储层质量的贡献相对有限。长3段砂岩孔隙以残余粒间孔为主,这暗示长3段砂岩在晚三叠世末期剥蚀与侏罗纪末期-新生代的抬升（降低了长3段压实程度）以及埋藏成岩过程中绿泥石颗粒包膜的形成是长3段砂岩孔隙保存的最重要因素。成岩作用促进了长3段孤立砂体的致密化,加剧了该砂岩储层预测难度。     

吐鲁番坳陷西山窑组富煤的河流沉积与储集层的成岩作用研究

吐鲁番坳陷西山窑组（Ｊ２ｘ）发育一套含煤的陆相沉积地层,本文根据钻井资料进行研究认为这套地层属于曲流河沉积,并进一步划分出河道沙坝和漫滩沼泽等沉积类型。煤层形成于漫滩沼泽沉积环境。曲流河道砂体是主要的油气储集体。位于坳陷东南抠的曲流带河道砂岩复合体是储集砂岩最发育的地区。储集砂岩类型主要为矿物成熟度较低的岩屑砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩。坳东南区复合体河道砂岩以长石岩屑岩为主,而坳陷北区河道砂岩以岩屑砂岩为     

鄂尔多斯盆地直罗油田长6油层组成岩作用及孔隙演化研究

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