坡缕石对直接耐酸大红4BS的吸附动力学特征

研究了坡缕石对水中直接耐酸大红4BS的吸附动力学,在初始质量浓度为30~50 mg/L,转速为100~200 r/min,以及温度为303~348 K的范围内,坡缕石对直接耐酸大红4BS的吸附动力学数据均符合准二级速率方程。结果表明,坡缕石对直接耐酸大红4BS的吸附是外表面吸附,吸附表观活化能为11.92 kJ/mol,说明此吸附是由液膜扩散控制的物理吸附过程。     

坡缕石粘土对有机染料的吸附热力学研究

将甘肃靖远坡缕石粘土分离提纯,通过静态吸附实验,研究了坡缕石对水中有机染料亚甲基蓝、结晶紫和苯胺蓝的吸附等温线,探讨了吸附热力学特征.实验结果显示,在实验温度范围内3种染料在坡缕石上的吸附在30 min可达平衡,吸附等温线均能较好符合Langmuir模型,饱和吸附量大小顺序为:结晶紫＞亚甲基蓝＞苯胺蓝;吸附均为吸热过程,亚甲基蓝、结晶紫和苯胺蓝的吸附焓分别为15.52、9.26和2.59 kJ/mol;吸附Gibbs函数约为-35～-30 kJ/mol,吸附熵均大于零,吸附是自发过程.     

坡缕石黏土负载铁锰复合氧化物吸附磷的性能

以氧化还原共沉淀的方法将铁锰复合氧化物负载于坡缕石黏土表面,制备负载型吸附剂,由静态吸附实验研究了吸附剂对磷的吸附性能,探讨了吸附的动力学特征、热力学参数和吸附机理。结果显示,吸附剂对磷的吸附受溶液初始pH值、吸附时间及温度的影响,在中性条件下吸附平衡时间为90 min,pseudo-second-order吸附动力学方程能较好描述吸附过程,吸附表观活化能为11.76 k J/mol;吸附等温线与Freundlich方程的拟合结果略优于Langmuir方程,由Langmuir方程得到最大吸附量为26~31 mg/g。吸附焓变为9.29 k J/mol,吸附熵变为正值,自由能变为-4.3~-5.8 k J/mol,吸附作用有多层不均匀吸附的性质,同时包含物理作用和化学作用,但不属强的化学键作用。     

碱性溶液中坡缕石水解作用动力学实验研究

对安徽官山地区沉积型、热液型坡缕石进行碱性溶液中水解作用的动力学实验研究.结果表明:沉积型坡缕石较热液型更耐碱,且两种坡缕石均存在明显的差异溶解现象,即四面体硅的溶解速率要略大于八面体铝阳离子的溶解速率.碱溶液中沉积型、热液型坡缕石水解动力学均适宜采用圆柱体扩散控制模型模拟,其浸出率x对反应时间t的关系可表示为(1-x)+xlnx=kt.在实验条件下沉积型坡缕石水解过程中,Al3+和Si4+反应表观活化能分别为18.16 kJ/mol和18.53 kJ/mol.热液型坡缕石水解过程中,Al3+和Si4+反应表观活化能分别为31.2 kJ/mol和32.95 kJ/mol.     

Adsorption capacity and mineralogical and physico-chemical characteristics of Shuwaymiyah palygorskite (Oman)

In this paper, Shuwaymiyah palygorskite in the Sultanate of Oman has been characterized mineralogically by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microscopy, chemically by oxide compositions, structural formulae, and cation exchange capacity (CEC), and physically by specific surface area and adsorption isotherms. Batch adsorption studies were performed to evaluate the adsorption performance of methylene blue (MB) basic dye on the local clay mineral. The quantitative XRD analysis indicates that the purity of some selected samples of palygorskite clay is very high (about 70% of the clay minerals are palygorskite and 30% kaolinite). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images clearly support this conclusion. The adsorption equilibrium revealed that Shuwaymiyah palygorskite clay can uptake up to 51 mg of MB per 1 g mass of clay. MB adsorption is best fitted by Langmuir isotherm, and a pseudo-second-order kinetic model can be efficiently used to predict the kinetic of adsorption of MB by the palygorskite. The results obtained from these laboratory-scale adsorption tests indicate the promising adsorption capability of the Omani palygorskite.     

Biosorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions by Typha angustata phytomass

The objective of this study was to investigate the biosorption of an azo dye (Methylene blue) by a wetland phytomass (Typha angustata) under post-phytoremediation scenario. Thus, the phytomass was used without any chemical modification. The batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of contact time and temperatures (25–45 °C) on the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution by cattail phytomass (CP). More than 80 % of MB dye was removed from the aqueous solution within first 10 min of the experiment. Langmuir isotherm was modeled to describe the monolayer adsorption of MB dye (R ² = 0.995) with the maximum adsorption capacity of 8.1 mg/g at 25 °C. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model adequately described the kinetics of absorption process (R ² = 0.999). The adsorption of MB on the cattail phytomass was a spontaneous and endothermic process that was governed by chemisorption. Hence, CP could be applied as a potential low cost biosorbent to treat dyeing wastewater.     

Adsorption of a cationic dye (methylene blue) by Iranian natural clays from aqueous solutions: equilibrium,kinetic and thermodynamic study

Removal of dyes by low-cost adsorbents is an effective method in wastewater treatment. Iranian natural clays were determined to be effective adsorbents for removal of a basic dye (methylene blue) from aqueous solutions in batch processes. Characterizations of the clays were carried out by X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Effects of the operational parameters such as adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, solution pH and temperature were investigated on the adsorption performance. Adsorption isotherms like Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin were used to analyze the adsorption equilibrium data and Langmuir isotherm was the best fit. Adsorption kinetics was investigated by pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models and the results showed that the adsorption system conforms well to the pseudo-second-order model. The thermodynamic parameters of adsorption (ΔS°, ΔH° and ΔG°) were obtained and showed that the adsorption processes were exothermic.     

Preparation of magnetic microgels for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol and removal of methylene blue from aqueous medium

This work describes the synthesis of poly(acrylic acid) microgels and fabrication of magnetic cobalt nanoparticles in the prepared microgels. Cobalt nanoparticles were fabricated by loading the cobalt (II) ions in microgels from aqueous solution and their subsequent reduction with sodium borohydride (NaBH₄). Bare and composite microgels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The catalytic properties of the prepared microgel composites were investigated by using them as catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol and methylene blue. The effect of temperature and catalyst dose on the rate of reduction of these toxic pollutants was investigated. The reusability of prepared catalysts was also studied for the five consecutive cycles, and an increase in catalytic activity was observed after every cycle. The prepared bare and magnetic microgels were found as very effective adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous medium. Very rapid adsorption rate was found for the removal of methylene as its 100 mg was adsorbed on per gram of dried hydrogels in about 25 min. The effects of different parameters like amount of adsorbate and concentration of adsorbent on the adsorption process were studied. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherms were applied, and it was found that adsorption of MB follows Freundlich model better than others. Furthermore, pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were also applied and adsorption of MB was found to abide by pseudo-second-order kinetics.     

Adsorption kinetic studies for removal of methylene blue using activated carbon prepared from sugar beet pulp

Sugar beet pulp is an abundant, renewable and low-cost precursor for production of activated carbon. In the present study, sugar beet pulp based activated carbon was prepared by using phosphoric acid as activating agent for adsorption of methylene blue. The conditions of preparation process had a significant influence on the adsorption of methylene blue, and the optimal preparation conditions were obtained as follows: liquid-to-solid ratio of 5, temperature of 450 °C and phosphoric acid concentration of 3 mol/L. The properties of sugar beet pulp based activated carbon were characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherm. The adsorption increases as the increase of contact time, adsorption temperature and pH, and initial concentration of methylene blue. Batch kinetic studies showed that an equilibrium time of 100 min was needed for the adsorption, and the adsorbance of methylene blue is 244.76 mg/g at equilibration. Kinetic models, Weber’s pore diffusion model and Boyd’s equation were applied to the experimental data to study the mechanism of adsorption and the controlled step. The results showed that the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order type kinetic model, intraparticle diffusion was not the rate-limiting mechanism and adsorption process was controlled by film diffusion.     

阴阳离子改性甘肃平凉钙基膨润土吸附行为研究

针对甘肃平凉钙基膨润土,以十六烷基氯化吡啶(CPC)和十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)进行改性,研究了原土及其改性土对亚甲基蓝溶液的吸附特性,并从热力学和动力学角度探讨了吸附作用机理.结果表明,改性前后的膨润土对亚甲基蓝吸附能力大小为:SDS-Bt > Bt > SDS-CPC-Bt > CPC-Bt,其吸附动力学行为均符合伪二级动力学方程,吸附活化能较小.在298～353 K范围内,吸附反应为自发过程,表现为物理吸附,且亚甲基蓝在SDS-Bt、Bt和SDS-CPC-Bt上的吸附符合Langmuir等温方程,在CPC-Bt上的吸附则符合Tempkin等温方程.     

水悬浮体系中凹凸棒石与Cu2+作用机理

研究矿物吸附重金属性能和机理,对正确认识矿物吸附性质、环境矿物材料应用研究以及重金属环境化学行为具有重要理论和实际意义。凹凸棒石是重要粘土矿物之一,也是重要的环境矿物材料,其吸附净化功能潜在应用受到广泛关注。在制备凹凸棒石纯样基础上,进行了凹凸棒石吸附Cu^2 单因素实验,吸附前后溶液pH值变化观测和吸附Cu^2 后凹凸棒石表面结构高分辨透射电镜调查。结果表明,从表面来看,凹凸棒石对Cu^2 的吸附性能主要受振荡速度、吸附时间、初始溶液pH值、吸附剂用量等因素影响,但实际上,凹凸棒石对Cu^2 的吸附作用主要是凹凸棒石诱导的Cu^2 水解沉淀作用以及凹凸棒石(带负电荷)与氢氧化铜(带正电荷)正负电荷胶体颗粒的互相作用,这有别于严格意义的矿物界面吸附作用。产生这种作用的机制在于凹凸棒石属于天然纳米矿物材料,具有较高的表面化学活性,凹凸棒石一水悬浮体系中凹凸棒石表面水解呈现出碱性,结果导致吸附平衡水溶液pH值较初始水溶液有较大程度的升高,达到Cu^2 水解基本完全的pH条件.     

海泡石对有机染料的吸附行为研究

以热酸活化过的海泡石为吸附剂，研究其对亚甲基蓝、结晶紫和甲基绿3种染料的吸附动力学过程，并分析了浓度、温度等因素对海泡石吸附效果的影响。结果表明，温度的变化对吸附的影响较小，而染料溶液浓度的改变则会对吸附产生很大的影响，由此确定出较适合的反应条件。采用傅立叶红外光谱技术对吸附前后海泡石的结构进行了分析，发现亚甲基蓝由于分子体积较小可以进入海泡石内部通道，而大体积的结晶紫和甲基绿的吸附主要发生在海泡石外表面，且一价有机阳离子会在中性位置发生吸附，形成带电或中性复合物。     

Microstructure and Photocatalytic Decomposition of Methylene Blue by TiO2-Mounted Halloysite, a Natural Tubular Mineral

On the basis of analysis of structure and properties, halloysite, a natural tubular mineral, was developed for an environmental treatment. TiO2 was mounted into halloysite by using hydrolysis of tetrabutyl titanate at room temperature. The adsorption and photocatalytic performance of halloysite and TiO2-mounted halloysite have been examined in methylene blue aqueous solution in the dark and under ultraviolet ray irradiation, respectively. Their performance of adsorption and photodecomposition was evaluated from the adsorbed and degraded amounts of methylene blue （MB）. Due to the mixture of adsorption and photodecomposition, the concentration of MB, organic pollution, in water decreased rapidly with TiO2-mounted halloysite powder, which is a faster reaction than that with halloysite-only adsorption. This new use of halloysite is leading to many interesting applications in the decomposition and elimination of various pollutants in air and water.     

凹凸棒石粘土吸附废水中污染物机理探讨

凹凸棒石是链层状硅酸盐,具有0.38nm×0.63nm的孔道。许多研究者据此都把凹凸棒石粘土吸附废水中污染物的机理解释为凹凸棒石具有微孔道和较大的比表面积,并且这一解释被普遍接受。作者根据凹凸棒石矿物晶体结构和吸附选择性以及吸附实验研究认为,由于凹凸棒石孔道直径小于大多数分子及水合离子的直径,除少数简单分子和离子外,多数分子和离子都不能进入凹凸棒石孔道,而且凹凸棒石内孔道选择性优先吸附水分子,因而在 多数水处理中,凹凸棒石对吸附质的吸附不是内表面吸附,而是外表面吸附。并且这种外表 面吸附属于凹凸棒石的胶体和离子交换吸附。除了溶液的pH值等介质条件外,共存胶体蒙脱石和凹凸棒石的相互作用可能对凹凸棒石粘土的吸附性能起重要作用。     

Removal of dyes from aqueous solutions using low-cost sorbents made of solid residues from olive-mill wastes (JEFT) and solid residues from refined Jordanian oil shale

The effectiveness of processed solid residue from olive-mill waste (JEFT) and solid residue of pyrolyzed oil shale in removing methylene blue as a cationic dye and methyl orange as an anionic dye from aqueous solutions has been investigated and compared with that of a commercial activated carbon, namely coconut-shell carbon. All three sorbents showed significant methylene-blue removal, but only the coconut granular-activated carbon showed notable methyl-orange removal. The oil-shale sorbent showed no removal and the olive carbon showed poor removal of methyl orange. The removal of both methylene blue and methyl orange increases with the lapse of time, and attains equilibrium in 100 min. Received: 12 May 1999 · Accepted: 1 November 1999     

坡缕石酸活化废液石灰中和法制备LDH的吸附性能研究

利用坡缕石粘土酸活化废液制备层状双氢氧化物（LDH）可以有效地解决活性白土生产过程产生的废酸液污染。研究了石灰中和坡缕石粘土酸活化废液合成LDH方法，以及制备的LDH材料对CrO^2-4和PO^3-4的吸附作用。结果表明：利用坡缕石粘土酸活化废液合成的LDH对PO^3-4主一的吸附能力比对CrO^2-4吸附能力强，对CrO^2-4、PO^3-4吸附性能接近于国外商品级LDH的性能，CrO^2-4、PO^3-4的吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程，LDH焙烧后对CrO^2-4、PO^3-4吸附能力比焙烧前有很大程度提高。     

Fabrication of a nanocomposite from an agricultural waste and its application as a biosorbent for organic pollutants

Cellulose/SiO₂ nanocomposite (CSNC) was successively prepared using a banana peel waste as a template for silica. X-rays diffraction confirmed the presence of both cellulosic and silica phases with the silica phase as the primary phase. Electron microscopes images showed a compact hexagonal morphology with an average particle size of 20 nm. The FTIR analysis ascertained the presence of hydroxyl groups, and the thermal analysis showed the high thermal stability of CSNC. The sorption ability of CSNC for methylene blue was examined in both aqueous solutions and a real sample. The adsorption was followed by pseudo-second-order reaction and obeyed Langmuir isotherm. Calculated thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption is spontaneous and exothermic, suggesting a chemisorption mode. The calculated adsorption capacity was 78.75 and 58.81 mg g^?1 in aqueous dye solution and real sample, respectively, suggesting the applicability of CSNC for field uses. The correlation between the composite components and its performance is suggested to be investigated in the future by changing the type of agricultural waste as well as the nanooxide.     

Insight into adsorption equilibrium,kinetics and thermodynamics of lead onto alluvial soil

In the present study, adsorption of lead (II) ions from aqueous solution by alluvial soil of Bhagirathi River was investigated under batch mode. The influence of solution pH, sorbent dose, initial lead (II) concentration, contact time, stirring rate and temperature on the removal process were investigated. The lead adsorption was favored with maximum adsorption at pH 6.0. Sorption equilibrium time was observed in 60 min. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed by the Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin–Radushkevich and Temkin adsorption isotherm models. The kinetics of lead (II) ion was discussed by pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, intra-particle diffusion, and surface mass transfer models. It was shown that the adsorption of lead ions could be described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The activation energy of the adsorption process (E _a) was found to be ?38.33 kJ mol^?1 using the Arrhenius equation, indicating exothermic nature of lead adsorption onto alluvial soil. Thermodynamic parameters, such as Gibbs free energy (?G ⁰), the enthalpy (?H ⁰), and the entropy change of sorption (?S ⁰) have also been evaluated and it has been found that the adsorption process was spontaneous, feasible, and exothermic in nature. The results indicated that alluvial soil of Bhagirathi River can be used as an effective and low cost adsorbent to remove lead ions from aqueous solutions.     

贫镁和富镁坡缕石的热变化规律研究

贫镁和富镁坡缕石受热时表现出不同的热变化规律。物相分析表明,将提纯样品加热到设定温度并保温2h后,贫镁坡缕石经历了失水和玻璃相阶段:300℃以下晶体结构基本没变,350℃开始发生"折叠作用",400℃以上晶体结构被完全破坏,生成玻璃相;富镁坡缕石经历了失水、玻璃相和新晶相(顽火辉石)阶段:300℃以下晶体结构基本没变,350~500℃发生"折叠作用",600~950℃生成玻璃相,950℃以上生成顽火辉石雏晶。富镁坡缕石保持热稳定性的温度低于600℃,贫镁坡缕石的低于400℃。     

用溴仿酒精溶液分离膨润土中的蒙脱石

一、引言 膨润土的一系列重要物理化学性质、使用性能(例如铸造生产中型砂的工艺性能、石油钻井泥浆等)主要由膨润土中的蒙脱石矿物含量所决定。有人通过试验证明,膨润土中的蒙脱石含量与型砂的湿压强度呈正相关关系。所以,除了鉴别膨润土的类型是属于钙基或是钠基等外,一个评阶膨润