Reefs in the Early Paleozoic Taebaek Group, Korea: A Review

Various early Paleozoic (Cambrian Series 3–Middle Ordovician) reefs are found in the Taebaek Group, eastern Korea, located in the eastern margin of the Sino-Korean Block. They occur in every carbonate-dominant lithostratigraphic unit of the group, but their morphology and composition differ markedly. The Daegi Formation (middle Cambrian: Cambrian Series 3) contains siliceous sponge-Epiphyton reefs formed in a shallow subtidal environment, which is one of the earliest metazoan-bearing microbial reefs after the archaeocyath extinction. The Hwajeol Formation (upper Cambrian: Furongian) encloses sporadic dendrolites consisting of Angulocellularia, which developed in a relatively deep subtidal environment, representing a rare deeper water example. The onset of the Ordovician radiation resulted in the formation of microbialite–Archaeoscyphia–calathiid patch reefs in shallow subtidal deposits of the Lower Ordovician Dumugol Formation. Subsequent late Early Ordovician relative sea-level fall established extensive peritidal environments, forming microbial mats and stromatolites of the Lower–Middle Ordovician Makgol Formation. Ensuing Ordovician radiation resulted in one of the earliest metazoan skeletal reefs of the Middle Ordovician Duwibong Formation, constructed by stromatoporoid Cystostroma and bryozoan Nicholsonella, and developed around shallow shoals. These reefs reflect ongoing evolution and sea-level change during the early Paleozoic, and exemplify a rare glimpse of peri-Gondwanan records of reef evolution, which warrant detailed investigations and comparison with their counterparts in other regions.     

Carbon isotope composition of Upper Cambrian to Lower Ordovician carbonate in Korea,and its bearing on the Cambrian–Ordovician boundary and Lower Ordovician paleoceanography

This study presents an example of locating Cambrian–Ordovician boundary in the lower Paleozoic carbonate succession in Korea using carbon isotope stratigraphy. The Yeongweol Unit of the lower Paleozoic Joseon Supergroup comprises the Upper Cambrian Wagok Formation and the Lower Ordovician Mungok Formation in the Cambrian–Ordovician transition interval. Conventionally, the boundary was placed at the lithostratigraphic boundary between the two formations. This study reveals that the boundary is positioned in the basal part of the Mungok Formation based on the carbon isotope stratigraphy coupled with biostratigraphic information of conodont and trilobite faunas. The δ¹³C curve of the Lower Ordovician Mungok Formation shows a similar trend to that of the coeval stratigraphic interval of Argentine Precordillera (Buggisch et al., 2003), suggesting that the δ¹³C curve of the Mungok Formation reflects the Early Ordovician global carbon cycle.     

Cambrian to Lower Ordovician complexes of the Kokchetav Massif and its fringing (Northern Kazakhstan): Structure,age, and tectonic settings

A comprehensive study of the Lower Palaeozoic complexes of the Kokchetav Massif and its fringing has been carried out. It has allowed for the first time to discover and investigate in detail the stratified and intrusive complexes of the Cambrian–Early Ordovician. Fossil findings and isotope geochronology permitted the determination of their ages. The tectonic position and internal structures of those complexes have also been defined and their chemical features have been analyzed as well. The obtained data allowed us to put forward a model of the geodynamic evolution of Northern Kazakhstan in the Late Ediacaran–Earliest Ordovician. The accumulation of the oldest Ediacaran to Earliest Cambrian siliciclastics and carbonates confined to the Kokchetav Massif and its fringing occurred in a shallow shelf environment prior to its collision with the Neoproterozoic Daut island arc: complexes of the latter have been found in the northeast of the studied area. The Early Cambrian subduction of the Kokchetav Massif under the Daut island arc, their following collision and exhumation of HP complexes led to the formation of rugged ground topography, promoting deposition of siliceous–clastic and coarse clastic units during the Middle to early Late Cambrian. Those sediments were mainly sourced from eroded metamorphic complexes of the Kokchetav Massif basement. At the end of the Late Cambrian to the Early Ordovician within the boundaries of the massif with the Precambrian crust, volcanogenic and volcano-sedimentary units along with gabbros and granites with intraplate affinities were formed. Simultaneously in the surrounding zones, which represent relics of basins with oceanic crust, N-MORB- and E-MORB-type ophiolites were developed. These complexes originated under extensional settings occurred in the majority of the Caledonides of Kazakhstan and Northern Tian Shan. In the Early Floian Stage (Early Ordovician) older heterogeneous complexes were overlain by relatively monotonous siliceous–clastic units, that were being deposited until the Middle Darrivilian Stage (Middle Ordovician).     

四川盆地下古生界硅质页岩层系中硅质来源及其对有机质保存的影响初探

四川盆地下古生界两套硅质页岩层系(寒武系底部页岩和奥陶系—志留系五峰组—龙马溪组页岩)是其重要的页岩气产层,五峰组—龙马溪组硅质含量与TOC及含气量呈正相关性,暗示硅质矿物对该地区页岩气的生成具有重要意义。但硅质来源复杂,且存在后期硅质流体的注入。因此,本文在总结前人的研究成果基础上,对四川盆地寒武系底部硅质岩系和五峰组—龙马溪组硅质岩系的硅质特征进行了详细的岩石学分析,揭示了3种硅质来源特征:(1)同沉积无机硅质流体;(2)生物硅;(3)后期无机硅质流体。其中寒武系底部以同沉积无机硅质流体和生物硅来源为主,同沉积硅质流体导致有机质快速石化埋藏,有机质内部结构及形态保存较好;五峰组—龙马溪组硅质来源以后期无机硅质流体和生物硅来源为主,有机质在保存过程中受硅质流体的影响很小,有机质腐泥化作用充分,内部结构和形态多数保存较差。该研究初步揭示了两套页岩层系的硅质发育岩石学特征,及其对有机质保存的影响,期望能为四川盆地两套页岩气储层差异性提供新的思路和基础地质数据。     

Caledonian Cyclic Unit in the Vendian–Lower Paleozoic Succession of the Ishim–Karatau Lithostructural Zone (Kazakhstan)

The lithofacial study of Vendian–Lower Paleozoic sedimentary sequences of the Greater Karatau and Baikonur synclinorium, which are the constituents of the Ishim–Karatau lithostructural zone, revealed that Vendian, Cambrian, and Ordovician rocks form a continuous succession composing the Caledonian cyclic unit. In duration (220–240 Ma), the latter corresponds to a megacycle. The cyclic unit consists of the transgressive and regressive parts. The upper part of the transgressive succession includes facies of the continental slope, slope foot, near-continental area, and transitional zone between the near-continental and pelagic areas of the abyssal plain. It is shown that an avalanche sedimentation of the second global level occurred twice during the transgressive and regressive phases. The formation of transgressive facies was related to the extension regime during the basin opening, whereas regressive facies accumulated under the compression regime. The Ishim–Karatau zone is located in the western, outer part of Caledoninian structures in Kazakhstan. The Caledonian cyclic unit formed on the Vendian–Early Paleozoic Atlantic-type margin of the Kazakhstan microcontinent. Specific features of the cyclic development of mobile areas are outlined.     

A review of Lower and Middle Palaeozoic biostratigraphy in west peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand in its context within the Sibumasu Terrane

Fossils from the Cambrian to Devonian rocks of southern Thailand, the Langkawi Islands, mainland Kedah, Perlis, north Perak and central West Peninsular Malaysia are listed and reviewed, and their stratigraphy and correlation reassessed. The hitherto anomalous record of the trilobite Dalmanitina from Malaysia is reviewed and found to be of latest Ordovician (Hirnantian) age, rather than Lower Silurian age as previously reported, and is considered a probable synonym of the widespread Mucronaspis mucronata. A new stratigraphical nomenclature is erected for part of the Langkawi, mainland Kedah and Perlis area successions, in which the term Setul Limestone (which stretched from the Ordovician to the Devonian) is abandoned and replaced by the Middle Ordovician Kaki Bukit Limestone, the late Ordovician and early Silurian Tanjong Dendang Formation, the Silurian Mempelam Limestone, and the early Devonian Timah Tasoh Formation, all underlying the paraconformity with the late Devonian Langgun Red Beds. There was a single depositional basin in the generally shallow-water and cratonic areas of southern Thailand, Langkawi, and mainland Kedah and Perlis, in contrast to the deeper-water basin of north Perak. Only Silurian rocks are dated with certainty within another basin in central West Malaysia, near Kuala Lumpur, which were also cratonic and shallow-water, although to the east in west Pahang there are basal Devonian deeper-water sediments with graptolites. The area is reviewed in its position within the Sibumasu Terrane, which, in the Palaeozoic, also included central and northern Thailand, Burma (Myanmar) and southwest China (part of Yunnan Province).     

The formation processes and isotopic structure of continental crust of the Chingiz Range Caledonides (Eastern Kazakhstan)

According to this paper, the juvenile crust of the Chingiz Range Caledonides (Eastern Kazakhstan) was formed due to suprasubduction magmatism within the Early Paleozoic island arcs developed on the oceanic crust during the Cambrian–Early Ordovician and on the transitional crust during the Middle–Late Ordovician, as well as to the attachment to the arcs of accretionary complexes composed of various oceanic structures. Nd isotopic compositions of the rocks in all island-arc complexes are very similar and primitive (ε_Nd(t) from +4.0 to +7.0) and point to a short crustal prehistory. Further increase in the mass and thickness of the crust of the Chingiz Range Caledonides was mainly due to reworking of island-arc complexes in the basement of the Middle and Late Paleozoic volcanoplutonic belts expressed by the emplacement of abundant granitoids. All Middle and Late Paleozoic granitoids have high positive values of ε_Nd(t) (at least +4), which are slightly different from Nd isotopic compositions of the rocks in the Lower Paleozoic island-arc complexes. Granitoids are characterized by uniform Nd isotopic compositions (<2–3 ε units for granites with a similar age), and thus we can consider the Chingiz Range as the region of the Caledonian isotope province with an isotopically uniform structure of the continental crust.     

Tectonics and geodynamics of Gorny Altai and adjacent structures of the Altai–Sayan folded area

Packages of Late Paleozoic tectonic nappes and associated major NE-trending strike-slip faults are widely developed in the Altai–Sayan folded area. Fragments of early deformational phases are preserved within the Late Paleozoic allochthons and autochthons. Caledonian fold-nappe and strike-slip structures, as well as accompanying metamorphism and granitization in the region, are typical of the EW-trending suture-shear zone separating the composite Kazakhstan–Baikal continent and Siberia. In the Gorny Altai region, the Late Paleozoic nappes envelop the autochthon, which contains a fragment of the Vendian–Cambrian Kuznetsk–Altai island arc with accretionary wedges of the Biya–Katun’ and Kurai zones. The fold-nappe deformations within the latter zones occurred during the Late Cambrian (Salairian) and can thus be considered Salairian orogenic phases. The Salairian fold-nappe structure is stratigraphically overlain by a thick (up to 15 km) well-stratified rock unit of the Anyui–Chuya zone, which is composed of Middle Cambrian–Early Ordovician fore-arc basin rocks unconformably overlain by Ordovician–Early Devonian carbonate-terrigenous passive-margin sequences. These rocks are crosscut by intrusions and overlain by a volcanosedimentary unit of the Devonian active margin. The top of the section is marked by Famennian–Visean molasse deposits onlapping onto Devonian rocks. The molasse deposits accumulated above a major unconformity reflects a major Late Paleozoic phase of folding, which is most pronounced in deformations at the edges of the autochthon, nearby the Kaim, Charysh–Terekta, and Teletskoe–Kurai fault nappe zones. Upper Carboniferous coal-bearing molasse deposits are preserved as tectonic wedges within the Charysh–Terekta and Teletskoe–Kurai fault nappe zones.Detrital zircon ages from Middle Cambrian–Early Ordovician rocks of the Anyui–Chuya fore-arc zone indicate that they were primarily derived from Upper Neoproterozoic–Cambrian igneous rocks of the Kuznetsk–Altai island arc or, to a lesser extent, from an Ordovician–Early Devonian passive margin. A minor age population is represented by Paleoproterozoic grains, which was probably sourced from the Siberian craton. Zircons from the Late Carboniferous molasse deposits have much wider age spectra, ranging from Middle Devonian–Early Carboniferous to Late Ordovician–Early Silurian, Cambrian–Early Ordovician, Mesoproterozoic, Early–Middle Proterozoic, and early Paleoproterozoic. These ages are consistent with the ages of igneous and metamorphic rocks of the composite Kazakhstan–Baikal continent, which includes the Tuva-Mongolian island arc with accreted Gondwanan blocks, and a Caledonian suture-shear zone in the north. Our results suggest that the Altai–Sayan region is represented by a complex aggregate of units of different geodynamic affinity. On the one hand, these are continental margin rocks of western Siberia, containing only remnants of oceanic crust embedded in accretionary structures. On the other hand, they are represented by the Kazakhstan–Baikal continent composed of fragments of Gondwanan continental blocks. In the Early–Middle Paleozoic, they were separated by the Ob’–Zaisan oceanic basin, whose fragments are preserved in the Caledonian suture-shear zone. The movements during the Late Paleozoic occurred along older, reactivated structures and produced the large intracontinental Central Asian orogen, which is interpreted to be a far-field effect of the colliding East European, Siberian, and Kazakhstan–Baikal continents.     

泥岩/页岩：中国元古代－古生代海相沉积盆地主要烃源岩

在中国元古宙—古生代海相沉积体系中,碳酸盐岩是最主要的沉积岩类型,长期以来研究的重点也一直是碳酸盐岩,对海相泥岩/页岩的关注比较少,并且认为碳酸盐岩是海相沉积盆地中主要的烃源岩。对中国南方上、中、下扬子地区、滇黔桂地区、塔里木盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地、华北地区等147条剖面、289口探井及浅井约11200余个样品有机碳含量的分析与统计表明,泥岩/页岩有机质丰度高,是中国元古宙—古生代海相沉积盆地中主要的烃源岩类型,而碳酸盐岩有机质丰度普遍较低,仅仅是次要的烃源岩类型。海相碳酸盐岩中有机质的含量与碳酸盐含量呈现弱的负相关性,泥质输入有利于形成高有机质丰度的碳酸盐岩烃源岩,但并不是高有机质丰度碳酸盐岩烃源岩发育的必要条件,决定碳酸盐岩烃源岩有机质丰度的主要因素是有机质的生产率、有机质的沉积与保存环境。中国元古宙—古生代海相沉积盆地中并不缺乏高有机质丰度泥岩/页岩类好烃源岩,上、中、下扬子地区主要发育于上震旦统陡山沱组、下寒武统、上奥陶统—下志留统、上二叠统;华南地区主要发育于中、下泥盆统;塔里木盆地主要发育于下寒武统、下奥陶统及中上奥陶统;华北地区为中新元古界洪水庄组、下马岭组。泥灰岩类碳酸盐岩烃源岩在塔里木盆地相对比较发育,在中国南方地区只有下二叠统相对发育。     

中扬子地区下古生界海相泥-页岩含气勘探远景

利用中扬子区下古生界页岩的野外露头地质剖面、有机地球化学分析数据和钻井显示资料,分析中扬子下古生界页岩气资源勘探远景。研究表明,中扬子区下古生界海相泥-页岩主要以下寒武统水井沱组(或牛蹄塘组)和上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组为主。上述2套泥质岩和页岩有机质含量丰富、有机质类型好、热演化程度高,多数已达到成熟—过成熟阶段,是有效页岩气气源岩。中扬子区自加里东以来经历了多期构造运动、构造隆升和挤压作用,改善了页岩储层的储集性能,提高页岩气聚集量。湘鄂西区和江汉平原区南部下寒武统泥-页岩可作为有利页岩气勘探选区,而鄂西渝东区钻井揭示志留系见工业性气流,表明该区志留系页岩气潜力较大。     

Geochemical features,depositional settings,and provenances of Lower Paleozoic rocks in the Mamyn terrane,Central Asian Fold Belt

New data on geochemical features of the Lower Paleozoic terrigenous rocks in the Mamyn terrane (eastern Central Asian Fold Belt) and U–Pb geochronological studies of the detrital zircon from these rocks are presented. The obtained results suggest the following conclusions. 1. At present, the Kosmataya sequence includes different age Lower Cambrian terrigenous–carbonate and Lower Ordovician terrigenous rocks or represents Lower Ordovician olistostromes including limestone blocks with the Lower Cambrian fauna. Lower Ordovician terrigenous rocks were formed in an island arc or active continental margin, mainly, owing to the erosion of Cambrian–Early Ordovician plutons and volcanics that are widespread in structures of the Mamyn terrane and weakly reworked by the chemical weathering. 2. The Silurian Mamyn Formation was developed at a passive continental margin. The main sources of clastic material for this formation were the same Cambrian–Early Ordovician igneous rocks as for the Cambrian sequence, with the participation of Early Silurian and Vendian igneous complexes. The obtained data significantly refine concepts about the geological structure of the Mamyn terrane, which is a member of the Argun Superterrane, one of the largest tectonic structures in the eastern Central Asian Fold Belt.     

甘新蒙北山地区古生代构造演化研究——北山古生代洋盆开启、闭合时限最新进展

北山及邻区各微地块上分布有震旦纪—早寒武世沉积岩系,寒武系底部发育含磷层,震旦系中见大致可对比的冰碛岩(3层),暗示各微地块当时可能是一个统一大陆块的组成部分。下寒武统双鹰山组薄层状大理岩、灰岩为浅海或滨海相环境产物;中上寒武统西双鹰山组青灰色硅质岩夹有薄层状灰岩,为深海相化学沉积产物,意味着早寒武世为北山古生代洋盆开启时限下限。泥盆纪三个井组不整合于寒武、奥陶纪之上,三个井组显示前陆盆地特征,花岗岩"线-面-点"产出形态可能代表俯冲-碰撞-碰撞后造山期地质记录。因此,早泥盆世为北山古生代洋盆闭合时限上限。     

华北南部地区——古生界构造演化及其油气远景

华北南部地区的地质演化与华北其他地区一样，经历了结晶基底形成，中一晚元古代台内裂谷发育、古生代稳定地台沉积和中一新生代活化等发展过程。但本区受秦岭褶皱带构造活动的强列影响。因而具有相对独特的构造演化特征和油气控制条件。早寒武世中期，古秦岭海槽伸展扩张，沉积了一套全区广泛分布的以碳酸盐岩为主夹泥页岩的地层；晚寒武世开始，古秦岭海槽向北俯冲挤压，在本区南部出现一个平行于海槽的大陆边缘隆起；中奥陶世发生     

Developmental history of Paleozoic structure of Hsieh-fen-shan region of western Hunan and problem of boundary of Southwest Platform

The Paleozoic tectonic evolution of Hsieh-fen-shan, western Hunan, belongs to the Caledonian and Hercynian tectonic cycles. The base of the lower Paleozoic group is defined by a geographical unconformity; the Sinian system unconformably overlies the Pan-ch'i group of the Proterozoic. The Hsieh-fen movement represented by this unconformity had not transformed this area into a platform. The lower Paleozoic group may be divided into four structural stages: Lower Sinian, Upper Sinian-Cambrian, Lower Ordovician and Middle Ordovician-Silurian. These stages are represented by the corresponding sedimentary formations: lower terrigenous elastic formation, siliceous and carbonate rocks intercalated with shale, flush formation and upper terrigenous elastic. Due to the absence of magmatic activity it is believed to be of the miogeosyncline type. In the Variscan cycle this area was already consolidated and partly covered with upper Paleozoic neoplatform sediments. Hereditary characters of the early Paleozoic tectonic evolution are obvious. According to the isopachous maps there occurred a strong tectonic differentiation at the end of the Cambrian. In Early Ordovician a northeast extended flysch geosyncline formed, and to the west of it, an uplifted denudation region. The eastern part of the uplifted region rose strongly, in parallel with the flysch geosyncline and with similar dimensions, and may be considered a geanticline. The geosyncline and geanticline have asymmetrical forms, their neighboring flanks being steeper than their opposite ones. Consequently the existence of a so-called pre-Sinian Hsieh-fen axis has not been proved and the boundaries of the Southwestern Platform with the adjoining southeastern Caledonian fold may be located approximately along T'ao-yuan, Yuan-ling Chen-chi, Hsin-Hua and Ch'ien-yang. – Authors.     

古生代海洋碳同位素演化

本文给出对中国古生代海相碳酸盐岩地层的系统的碳同位素研究结果。对密集地采自寒武纪、奥陶纪、泥盆纪、石炭纪和二叠纪5个海相碳酸盐岩地层剖面的681个样品作了碳同位素研究。所得到的古生代海相碳酸盐岩地层δ¹³C值长趋势演化的模式表明,从寒武纪(δ¹³C平均为-0.3‰)到石炭纪(3‰)和二叠纪(3.4‰)逐渐富集¹³C.此变化模式与古生代有机碳的埋藏数量有关,或许与大洋中脊体系的体积变化有关。     

朝鲜平南盆地泥盆纪化石的发现及其地质意义

平南盆地位于中朝地台东缘朝鲜半岛中部。平南盆地古生界比较发育,特别是盆地中南部地区发育寒武系、奥陶系和志留系,仅在盆地东南部谷山、法洞地区发现了晚奥陶世到志留纪的地层,其它地区末曾发现过晚奥陶世到早石炭世的地层。最近在平南盆地中部平壤之东原中奥陶统(晚达组)上部发现了Chaetetes cf. nantanensis, Calceola sp., Thamnopora sp., Cladopora sp. 等指示泥盆纪的化石;该含化石层的走向延续性比较好,延伸长度2~3 km。基于上述研究,认为原来的中奥陶统(晚达组)上部可能为泥盆系。在中朝地台,除了西缘和西南缘地区以外,大部分地区没有发现晚奥陶世-早石炭世的地层,只有辽东太子河流域本溪组的地质时代被认定为早石炭世晚期到晚石炭世早期。这些泥盆纪、早石炭世化石都发育在中朝地台东部,说明古生代时期中朝地台西部和东部沉积环境及构造演化有差别,因而对于中朝地台古生代古地理和构造演化需要重新认识。     

Organic matter maturity and oil/gas prospects in Middle-Upper Proterozoic and Lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks in northern China

Middle-Upper Proterozoic and Lower Paleozoic carbonate formations in northern China are well developed with an accumulative thickness of 6000–1400 m. Both seepages and oils have been found in the outcrops and drilling wells. The maturity of organic matter in these carbonate formations in obviously lower than that in southern China, as viewed from reflectance (R°), H/C (atomic ratio), the amount and distribution of hydrocarbons,T _max°C and so on.T _max°C may be used as a principal index for determining the maturity of organic matter in carbonate rock-covered areas. According to the results of themeasurement ofT _max°C andR° for natural samples and simulating experiments on bitumens from carbonate rocks, the limitation values for oil and gas have been estimated at 455°C (R°=1.35) and 476°C(R°=2.25), respectively. On this basis, the map of organic matter maturity for the Middle-Upper Proterozoic, Ordovician, Cambrian and Carboniferous of northern China has been compiled. It has been proposed that prospects of both oil and gas are expected, with oil and condensate dominant in the Ordovician, and condensate and dry gas in the Middle-Upper Proterozoic. The Cambrian is intermediate between them.     

Structural setting and genesis of ore bodies in carbonate rocks in the M.te Atzei-M.te Ega mining area (Sulcis,SW Sardinia)

At least seven different types of ore bodies, with an ore stock of Ba, F, Fe, Pb, Zn, Cu and Sb occur in Paleozoic rocks (Lower-Middle Cambrian and Ordovician) in an ?15 km² area north of the Narcao village (SW Sardinia, Italy). The ore bodies are related both to syngenetic accumulations, and later epigenetic recirculation of the primary ores. In the Lower Cambrian the area studied shows evidence of synsedimentary tectonic instability, probably related to carbonate shelf margin features. The Upper Cambrian is lacking and the transgressive Ordovician sediments cover large areas of the previously gently folded Cambrian rocks (Sardic phase of Caledonian orogenesis). The main Hercynian tectonic phases had a much stronger compressive folding that is mirrored in a sequence of tight folds and upthrusts. The geometric setting resulting from the tectonic frame of the Cambrian and Ordovician sediments must be taken into account to understand the distribution and the genesis of most of the ore bodies.     

Magmatism coeval with lower Paleozoic shelf basins in NW-Argentina (Tastil batholith): Constraints on current stratigraphic and tectonic interpretations

The Tastil batholith (Eastern Cordillera, NW Argentina) holds relevant keys for interpreting the tectonic evolution of the Central Andes basement since it has always been interpreted as the subcrop of the Cambrian and Lower Ordovician basins in the Eastern Cordillera. However, in the Angosto de la Quesera section, the batholith intrudes sandstones underlying a fossiliferous Lower Tremadocian conglomerate containing Tastil granite pebbles. The precise assignation of the sandstones intruded by the granite to Cambrian Mesón Group or to the Uppermost Cambrian–Lower Tremadocian Santa Victoria Group is a key for refining the relationships between magmatic and sedimentary units. The ages of 526 Ma and 517 Ma (U/Pb, zircons) obtained from two facies of the batholith are coherent with the proposal of including these sandstones in the Mesón Group. However, the lithologic features and fossil content point to an affinity with the basal units of the Santa Victoria Group according to sedimentologic and stratigraphic studies ruled out by other authors. The intrusive relationships between the Tastil batholith and the Lower Paleozoic sandstones indicates the batholith is coeval with the Mesón and/or Santa Victoria groups basins instead of being its subcrop, which strongly contradicts previous proposals about basement evolution along the Lower Paleozoic margin of Gondwana. Therefore, the genesis and emplacement of the Tastil batholith must be related to the development of the Lower Paleozoic shelf basins rather than with the final stages of Puncoviscana-type basin evolution. The basement of central and northern Argentina records a wide spectrum of sedimentary, deformational, magmatic and metamorphic processes at a variety of crust levels during the Early Paleozoic. Tastil batholith emplacement and exhumation in the Eastern Cordillera represent shallower crustal expressions of the plutonic and high-T–low-P metamorphic events at deeper levels in the basement now exposed mainly in eastern Puna and Pampean Ranges.     

生物标志化合物在地层划分与对比中的应用——以塔里木盆地下古生界为例

生物标志化合物是指沉积岩或原油和煤中碳—碳骨架稳定的特征化合物 ,它通常是用于油源对比和古沉积环境的恢复。本次研究在地层划分与对比中尝试利用正常甾烷分布的差异 ,研究表明 ,塔里木盆地寒武系—下奥陶统和中上奥陶统的甾烷分布特征完全不同 :前者的 C2 8甾烷含量高于后者 ,正常甾烷的分布是 C2 9>C2 8>C2 7,呈反“L”型分布 ;后者的 C2 7甾烷含量高于前者 ,甾烷的分布是 C2 9>C2 7>C2 8,呈“V”字型分布。寒武系—下奥陶统和中上奥陶统甾烷分布由反“L”型变为“V”型 ,说明生物在演化过程中 ,有机质的来源及化学结构组成发生了明显变化 ,据此可用于塔里木盆地下古生界的地层划分与对比。