徐水五香坡粘土中混合层矿物的研究

五香坡粘土是由石英钠长斑岩风化而成的一种粘土。该粘土主要由高岭石、蒙脱石和伊利石组成,而且伴生了少量的混合层粘土矿物。混合层粘土矿物通过用乙二醇处理与加热至520℃(1.5h)后的X射线衍射鉴定,它们是伊利石-蒙脱石规则混合层矿物和伊利石/蒙脱石不规则混合层矿物。在粘土中发现了混合层粘土矿物,这为伊利石和蒙脱石之间的转变提供了依据。     

贵州绿豆岩中粘土矿物特征及其成因探讨

本文应用Ｘ射线衍射、红外光谱、差热分析，电子显微镜、化学分析、沉积相分析等方法，详细研究了贵州早、中三叠世间绿豆岩及其粘土矿物组成，确定了贵州绿豆岩中主要粘土矿物为伊利石、蒙脱石、高岭和伊利石／蒙脱石混层矿物。由于各地沉积环境和成岩条件的差异，分别形成伊利石粘土岩、蒙脱石粘土岩和高岭石粘土岩。探讨了绿豆及其粘土矿物的形成机理，为绿豆岩的开发利用提供了系统的新资料。     

川东华蓥山二叠系／三叠系界线附近粘土层中粘土矿物的类型及成因

对川东华蓥山二叠系／三叠系界线附近粘土层中的粘土矿物进行野外采样和室内X射线衍射分析,结果表明,这些粘土矿物主要由规则混层伊利石-蒙脱石组成,其中1个样品可能舍有少量不规则混层绿泥石-蒙脱石等粘土矿物。总地看来．该界线粘土层中的规则混层伊利石-蒙脱石中伊利石层的含量自下而上呈现减少的趋势,平均含量约83％,所经历的最大古地温在125-150℃之间。这些粘土矿物的构成和特征与前人在华南其他地区相同层位取得的成果总体上具有较好的一致性．显示了该粘土层成因的相同性及所具有的等时意义。不同地区粘土矿物构成的差异性（如高岭石的存在与含量）可能与二叠系／三叠系界线不整合的存在与否或间断时间有关,规则混层伊利石-蒙脱石的混层比则与埋藏历史和沉积-沉积期后的流体介质有关。     

川东华蓥山二叠系/三叠系界线附近粘土层中 粘土矿物的类型及成因

对川东华蓥山二叠系／三叠系界线附近粘土层中的粘土矿物进行野外采样和室内X射线衍射分析,结果表明,这些粘土矿物主要由规则混层伊利石-蒙脱石组成,其中1个样品可能舍有少量不规则混层绿泥石-蒙脱石等粘土矿物。总地看来．该界线粘土层中的规则混层伊利石-蒙脱石中伊利石层的含量自下而上呈现减少的趋势,平均含量约83％,所经历的最大古地温在125-150℃之间。这些粘土矿物的构成和特征与前人在华南其他地区相同层位取得的成果总体上具有较好的一致性．显示了该粘土层成因的相同性及所具有的等时意义。不同地区粘土矿物构成的差异性（如高岭石的存在与含量）可能与二叠系／三叠系界线不整合的存在与否或间断时间有关,规则混层伊利石-蒙脱石的混层比则与埋藏历史和沉积-沉积期后的流体介质有关。     

粘土矿物X射线定量分析计算方法探讨

摘要：粘土矿物Ｘ射线定量分析计算方法探讨廖立兵（材料系北京１０００８３）多数土壤或岩石中的粘土矿物主要为伊利石、蒙脱石、高岭石、绿泥石和伊利石／蒙脱石混层矿物,１９６４年,Ｓｃｈｕｌｔｚ提出了一种能同时计算出以上５种主要粘土矿物含量的方法［１］。１９８６年...     

吐鲁番坳陷中——上侏罗统碎屑岩中的自生粘土矿物特征及其成岩意义

利用岩石薄片和扫描电镜观察以及Ｘ－衍射资料研究了吐鲁番坳陷中上侏罗统碎屑岩中的自生粘土矿物特征,发现碎屑岩中的自生粘土矿物主要有五种类型,即蒙脱石、伊利石－蒙脱石混层、伊利石、绿泥石和高岭石。自生粘土矿物的形成和转化取决于碎屑岩原始矿物组分及其成岩环境。蒙脱石的迅速转化和高岭石的大量析出与碎屑岩的大规模溶解有着密切的关系。根据自生粘土矿物的组合特征,可以有效地确定碎屑岩的成岩阶段及其孔隙发育特征。     

粘土矿物对铀的吸附作用研究进展

粘土矿物吸附铀主要存在于砂岩型铀矿床中,通过将含粘土矿物较多的矿石和不含或含少量粘土矿物的矿石作对比,发现含粘土矿物较多的矿石含铀量普遍较高。不同的粘土矿物对铀的吸附容量也不同,对蒙脱石,高岭石,伊利石进行研究后得出吸附容量由大到小依次为:蒙脱石-伊利石-高岭石。不同影响因素对粘土矿物吸附铀有不同的影响。结论为在足够的吸附时间下,p H值在适宜范围内,温度越高,粘土矿物量越多,铀初始浓度越大,越有利于粘土矿物对铀的吸附。     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部砂岩型铀矿床粘土矿物特征与地质意义

对鄂尔多斯盆地北部铀成矿带产铀层位中侏罗统直罗组砂岩进行系统采样和分析,以探讨砂岩中粘土矿物特征及其重要意义。采用X射线粉晶衍射、电子探针等分析手段,测定粘土矿物相对含量、微观形貌特征。结果表明,研究区砂岩中粘土矿物以蒙脱石、高岭石、绿泥石、伊利石为主。除蒙脱石外,其他3种粘土矿物总体表现为中部纳岭沟地段含量最低,西部大营地段含量最高,蒙脱石则为中部纳岭沟地段含量最高。蒙脱石与高岭石含量呈负相关性,蒙脱石主要由高岭石转化而来,大营地段绿泥石与蒙脱石呈现较好的负相关性,该地段绿泥石主要由蒙脱石转化而来。粘土矿物的蚀变造成了局部的碱性环境,为铀结晶沉淀提供了基础。     

海洋粘土矿物与颗石藻Emiliania huxleyi共培养的实验研究

颗石藻是海洋中广泛分布的超微型浮游藻,经生物矿化作用形成的碳酸钙质颗石,在古海洋学研究中具有重要意义。海洋粘土矿物与有机质的有机-无机相互作用在全球碳循环中扮演着重要角色。本文选取广泛分布于海洋的赫氏颗石藻Emiliania huxleyi与海洋粘土矿物中具有代表性的伊利石和蒙脱石共培养。通过对颗石藻生长曲线和Sr/Ca、Mg/Ca元素比值、颗石藻与粘土矿物样品的紫外可见光吸收光谱、红外吸收光谱和矿物物相等分析,研究海洋粘土矿物与颗石藻的相互作用规律。通过研究表明伊利石对颗石藻的影响较小,蒙脱石因对营养元素的吸附和颗石藻的絮凝作用对颗石藻的生长和Sr/Ca、Mg/Ca元素比值影响较大。颗石藻代谢分泌的生物分子未能通过层间插层作用进入伊利石层间,颗石藻分泌的生物分子可通过插层作用进入并储存于蒙脱石层间,海洋粘土矿物中的蒙脱石与海洋微生物的相互作用值得地球微生物家关注,可能有助于对古海洋环境的认识。     

广东和平上白垩统膨润土矿床中混层矿物研究

经分析证实,和平上陵上白垩统膨润土矿床中的混层粘土矿物系由蒙脱石与伊利石构成。扫描电镜分析确认,混层粘土矿物形态继承了原岩中蒙脱石卷曲的片状形态特征。     

景德镇地区高岭石红外光谱分析

采用红外光谱实验结合氢氟酸化学处理方法深入研究景德镇地区高岭石结构特征。通过解析红外光谱图确定该区高岭石为无序高岭石范畴,其结构中含有似地开石结构BCBCBC的八面体空位取代。通过对比氢氟酸处理前后的红外图谱,分析出该地区高岭土不含有地开石和珍珠石这两种多型。实验表明红外光谱分析对高岭土中存在的次要矿物伊利石不灵敏,而利用氢氟酸处理可以有效地鉴别,因而提出了一种利用红外光谱鉴定高岭石-伊利石混合物相的新方法。     

Analysis of cation distribution in the octahedral sheet of dioctahedral 2:1 phyllosilicates by using inverse Monte Carlo methods

An inverse Monte Carlo (MC) method was developed to determine the distribution of octahedral cations (Al³⁺, Fe³⁺, and Mg²⁺) in bentonite illite–smectite (I–S) samples (dioctahedral 2:1 phyllosilicates) using FT–IR and ²⁷Al MAS NMR spectroscopies. FT–IR allows determination of the nature and proportion of different cation pairs bound to OH groups measuring the intensities of OH-bending bands. ²⁷Al MAS NMR data provide information about cation configuration because ²⁷Al MAS NMR intensity depends on Fe distribution. MC calculations based on FT–IR data alone show Fe segregation by short-range ordering (Fe clusters within 9 to 15?Å from a given Fe atom). Fe segregation increases with illite proportion. MC calculations based on IR and ²⁷Al NMR simultaneously yield similar configurations in which Fe clusters are smaller. The latter calculations fail to build appropriate cation distributions for those samples with higher number of illite layers and significant Fe content, which is indicative of long-range Fe ordering that cannot be detected by FT–IR and ²⁷Al MAS NMR. The proportion of Mg–Mg pairs is negligible in all samples, and calculations, in which the number of Mg atoms, as second neighbours, is minimised, create appropriate configurations.     

Clay petrology of the Upper Triassic/Lower Jurassic terrestrial strata of the Newark Supergroup,Connecticut Valley,U.S.A.

The clay mineralogy of the Newark Supergroup (Upper Triassic/Lower Jurassic) in the Connecticut Valley was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. Clay minerals identified in 126 samples are illite, chlorite, smectite, kaolinite, vermiculite, expandable chlorite, mixed-layer illite/smectite, mixed-layer chlorite/smectite, and mixed-layer chlorite/vermiculite. In general, the rocks are illitic with subordinate amounts of chlorite. However, the various lithofacies in the Newark Supergroup are characterized by distinct clay-mineral assemblages. Red beds of floodplain origin contain clays mainly of detrital nature with 2M illite most abundant. Subordinate amounts of chlorite, smectite, vermiculite, kaolinite and mixed-layer illite/smectite are also present. An interstratified chlorite/vermiculite occurs in red mudstone underlying basalt flows. Lacustrine gray beds are generally characterized by the clay-mineral assemblage 1Md illite + chlorite with minor amounts of smectite ane expandable chlorite. An interstratified chlorite/smectite predominates in gray mudstone associated with perennial lake cycles in the East Berlin Formation. Black shales of deeper lacustrine origin contain the assemblage 1Md ifillite + trioctahedral smectite and traces of chlorite. Illite and smectite also occur as mixed-layer phases.In many respects, the distribution of clay minerals in the Connecticut Valley can be likened to the general scheme proposed for the Permo-Triassic basins of Europe and Africa. These display both vertical and horizontal variations in clay-mineral assemblages that reflect the chemical and spatiotemporal evolution of intrabasin depositional and diagenetic environments. Chemical data indicate that magnesium, especially, was concentrated in the black muds of large perennial lakes that intermittently occupied the Connecticut rift valley. Pore waters derived from these sediments played an important role in the development of Mg-rich 2 : 1 and interstratified clay minerals during early diagenesis.     

二八面体水云母矿物及其热分析

用XRD、DTA、TG、IR等手段,对产于十来个省区的、不同产状的二八面体水云母矿物进行了测试研究。样品分为2M、1Md、1M₁+1M等几种多型。文中列出了它们的XRD数据及图谱、加热前后的IR谱及部分化学成分和化学试,详述了其热学特征。建议以矿物的脱羟温度高低参,照XRD谱的无序程度,在日常鉴定工作中区分出绢云母（脱羟温度>700℃）、水（白）云母（脱羟温度600-700℃）及伊利石（脱羟温度<699℃）。     

可可西里盐湖表层沉积物中粘土矿物的环境信息

通过对可可西里盐湖表层沉积物中粘土矿物的研究,以期获得近年来湖区的某些环境信息.研究结果表明:沉积物中的粘土矿物主要为伊利石和绿泥石,非粘土矿物主要为石英、方解石和长石以及少量白云石、文石、闪石和石膏等.样品中＜2μm的粘土矿物以伊利石和绿泥石为主,局部样品含少量有序伊/蒙混层.根据样品分布特点和粘土矿物的组合类型,将样品划分为3个区域:1区和3区的矿物组合为伊利石、绿泥石和有序伊/蒙混层;2区为伊利石和绿泥石,无伊像混层矿物.其中1区和3区样品的结晶度(IC)范围为0.41～0.59,均值为0.51;2区样品的结晶度范围为0.25～0.40,均值为0.34,明显低于1区和3区,说明2区样品中的伊利石具有更高的结晶度.样品的伊利石化学指数(CI)均小于0.5,表明该伊利石为富Fe-Mg伊利石,主要是物理风化作用的结果.伊利石和绿泥石作为主要粘土矿物反映了近年来整个湖区的环境以干冷为主,局部区域(1区和3区)出现的少量有序I/S混层矿物则指示在短期内曾经历过短暂的干湿交替环境.此外,在酸性介质条件下,少量伊利石发生弱水解作用导致晶格中的K+淋失,并转化为伊/蒙混层矿物,同时也降低了伊利石的结晶度.     

高山一带寿山石的主矿物研究

应用化学分析、X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜、差热热重等分析手段对高山寿山石进行了主矿物的研究.X射线衍射分析表明,高山石的主要矿物成分是迪开石,其主要衍射峰为0.412 4 nm、0.379 9 nm和0.232 6 nm,测得其结晶度指数介于1.29～1.4,分析认为高山石为结晶度中等的有序迪开石.红外光谱图中,高山石的高频区出现3 696.39 cm-1,3 652 cm-1和3 620.35 cm-1的吸收峰,是典型的迪开石羟基吸收带分裂形成的3个吸收峰.差热热重实验分析也证实了高山寿山石的主矿物种属.另外,扫描电镜观察显示高山寿山石以细鳞片状和假六方板状为主.     

FTIR Spectrum of Phenocryst Olivine as an Indicator of Silica Saturation in Magmas

Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectra of hydroxylwere measured on olivine phenocrysts from hydrous basaltic meltsthat originated in island-arc tectonic settings. The basalticmelts encompass a wide range of silica activities from orthopyroxene-saturatedhypersthene-normative to nepheline-normative compositions. Theintensities and wavenumber placement of hydroxyl absorptionbands correlate with the degree of silica saturation of theparent melt from which the olivine crystallized. Olivines fromsilica-undersaturated nepheline-normative melts absorb IR radiationin the wavenumber range 3430–3590 cm^–1 (Group 1).In contrast, olivines from orthopyroxene-saturated boniniticmelts exhibit hydroxyl absorption bands in the wavenumber range3285–3380 cm^–1 (Group 2). Olivines crystallizedat intermediate silica activities exhibit a combination of thetwo groups of hydroxyl IR bands, where the proportion of Group2 bands increases with increasing silica saturation of the parentmelt. The positions of hydroxyl absorption peaks observed herefor natural samples are consistent with previous measurementson experimentally annealed olivines. Thus protonation experimentscan be employed to make spectroscopically dry olivine structuresvisible by IR, yielding information on the silica saturationof the parental magmas. Hydroxyl concentrations in the studiedolivines were estimated to be 1–2 ppm, corresponding toan olivine–melt partition coefficient of (1·0 ±0·3) x 10^–4. KEY WORDS: nominally anhydrous minerals; olivine; water; mantle; silica activity; melt inclusions     

Mechanisms of OH defect incorporation in naturally occurring,hydrothermally formed diopside and jadeite

The IR spectrum of an alpine, hydrothermally formed diopside containing 17 wt ppm H₂O consists of three main OH absorption bands centred at 3647, 3464 and 3359 cm⁻¹. Jadeite from a Californian vein occurrence is characterised by bands at 3616 and 3557 cm⁻¹ and contains about 197 wt ppm H₂O. Based on the pleochroic scheme of the OH absorption bands in diopside, OH defect incorporation models are derived on the basis of fully occupied cation sites and under the assumption of M1 and M2 site vacancies; OH defects replacing O2 oxygen atoms are most common. The less pronounced OH pleochroism and the broad band absorption pattern of jadeite indicate a high degree of OH defect disordering. The pleochroic scheme of the main absorption bands at 3616 and 3557 cm⁻¹ implies partial replacement of O2 oxygen atoms by OH dipoles pointing to vacant Si sites. Under the assumption of M1 and M2 site vacancies, O1–H and O2–H defects are also derivable. OH incorporation modes assuming Si-vacancies should be considered for jadeite-rich clinopyroxenes formed in deep crust and upper mantle regions.     

云南小湾断层泥矿物特征及其构造意义

通过显微镜观察、X射线衍射、红外光谱和化学分析等方法研究云南小湾断层泥中伊利石矿物特征,结果显示:(1)断层泥中的伊利石发育定向排列,其集合体呈扭折褶皱变形,有时呈流状构造充填在碎屑之间;(2)伊利石的X射线衍射特征为△[(002)-(001)]>8°,Ir>1,BB₁<4°,属ISII有序混层,膨胀层约占15%,晶胞参数b₀=8.993Å,1M多型结构;(3)层间阳离子2Ca+Na+K≈1,MgO含量变化1.05%-2.89%,结晶水(H₂O⁺)含量变化4.43%-5.23%。综合上述特征认为,断层泥伊利石不同于其它成因的伊利石,它是断层活动的直接产物,因此,根据它的特征可以推测断层活动机制。