徐水五香坡粘土中混合层矿物的研究

五香坡粘土是由石英钠长斑岩风化而成的一种粘土。该粘土主要由高岭石、蒙脱石和伊利石组成,而且伴生了少量的混合层粘土矿物。混合层粘土矿物通过用乙二醇处理与加热至520℃(1.5h)后的X射线衍射鉴定,它们是伊利石-蒙脱石规则混合层矿物和伊利石/蒙脱石不规则混合层矿物。在粘土中发现了混合层粘土矿物,这为伊利石和蒙脱石之间的转变提供了依据。     

昆阳磷矿床中白泥层粘土岩及成因分析

白泥层粘土岩是昆阳磷矿床中下寒武统渔户村组中谊村段富磷矿层的夹层。本文通过系统取样，对白泥层粘土岩进行了镜下鉴定、岩石化学分析和Ｘ射线衍射分析，确定白泥层粘土岩中主要粘土矿物为伊利石和伊利石／蒙脱石混层、含少量高岭石，非粘土矿物为石英、白云石、磷灰石等；同时对白泥层的形成环境及伊利石→蒙脱石的转化进行了探讨，为更加深入地研究昆阳磷矿的成因、成矿过程提供了最新的资料。     

贵州花溪P-T界线附近粘土矿物结构及成因意义

为了揭示贵州花溪区海相P-T界线附近粘土岩的成因及物质来源,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及差示扫描量热法(DSC),对粘土层中粘土矿物的精细结构进行了深入的研究.结果表明,样品中的粘土矿物共有两种物质来源.样品YN06质地致密,粘土颗粒具有一定的定向性,主要粘土矿物成分为伊利石和少量绿泥石.粘土矿物颗粒具有不规则的轮廓及参差不齐的边缘;样品脱羟基反应温度为590℃,表明样品中的伊利石主要为tv结构,来源于陆地机械风化作用.其余五件样品主要粘土矿物为伊蒙规则混层和伊利石以及少量蒙脱石、绿泥石,脱羟基温度均大于600℃,表明样品中的粘土矿物主要以cv结构为主,含有少量的tv结构,指示粘土岩主要来源于火山物质的蚀变并伴随部分陆源碎屑物质沉积形成.     

蒙脱石+伊/蒙混层+伊利石等粘土矿物混合物相X射线定量分析方法—模拟定量法

本文提出粘土矿物(特别是含伊/蒙不规则混层粘土矿物)混合物相的X射线定量分析方法——模拟定量法。着重解决在蒙脱石-不规则伊/蒙混层粘土矿物-伊利石组合中,伊/蒙混层粘土矿物的定量分析计算。模拟定量法是对以前的各种粘土矿物X射线定量分析方法的补充。用纯净的蒙脱石、伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石及各种伊/蒙混层比的伊/蒙混层粘土矿物,配制了各种不同组合的粘土矿物混合样品,制成定向薄膜片,进行了X射线分析,讨论了各种组合的粘土矿物混合物相X射线衍射图谱的特征,并在此基础上提出了粘土混合物相定量分析的方法。     

三峡库区泥灰质岩石及其残坡积土化学成分及粘土矿物的定量研究

由于二峡库区三叠系巴东组(T2b)泥灰质岩石特殊的化学矿物组成和所处亚热带湿热环境,决定了三峡库区移民迁建场地工程地质环境的复杂性。通过泥灰质岩石及其不同风化岩和残坡积土的化学成分、粘土矿物成分定量研究和扫描电镜观察,揭示了CaCOs溶蚀和粘土矿物富集过程及粘土矿物的复杂成分,发现了风化过程中伊利石()向伊利石／蒙脱石(I／S)混层粘上矿物的转化,解释了岩土工程性质恶化的原因,从而提高了地质研究和地质灾害研究的水平。     

吐鲁番坳陷中——上侏罗统碎屑岩中的自生粘土矿物特征及其成岩意义

利用岩石薄片和扫描电镜观察以及Ｘ－衍射资料研究了吐鲁番坳陷中上侏罗统碎屑岩中的自生粘土矿物特征,发现碎屑岩中的自生粘土矿物主要有五种类型,即蒙脱石、伊利石－蒙脱石混层、伊利石、绿泥石和高岭石。自生粘土矿物的形成和转化取决于碎屑岩原始矿物组分及其成岩环境。蒙脱石的迅速转化和高岭石的大量析出与碎屑岩的大规模溶解有着密切的关系。根据自生粘土矿物的组合特征,可以有效地确定碎屑岩的成岩阶段及其孔隙发育特征。     

鄂尔多斯盆地杭锦旗地区上古生界砂岩中储层粘土矿物特征分析

鄂尔多斯盆地杭锦旗地区上古生界砂岩储层中普遍发育粘土矿物,根据岩心薄片观察,自然γ能谱测井交会图识别出的粘土矿物类型有高岭石、伊利石、蒙脱石、绿泥石。薄片分析按粘土矿物形成方式划出沉积粘土和成岩粘土(蚀变、转变及化学成因粘土),以及按其产出状态尚划出构造(骨架)粘土和结构(填隙)粘土,并定量分析出构造粘土和结构粘土含量在多数层段分别为20%以上与10%~18%。依据自然γ能谱测井分析采用多元线性逐步回归分析法,查明各粘土矿物含量同T h,U,K质量分数之间的相关系数都大于0.85,建立了粘土矿物定量计算模型X=a-b×T h c×U d×T h/K还对储层中粘土矿物进行预测及粘土矿物的纵向分布特征分析。     

黄土高原马兰黄土粘土矿物的定量研究

本文在回顾和总结中国西北黄土粘土矿物研究进展的基础上,提供了采用现代X-射线衍射(XRD)定量测试技术(包括粘土矿物样品处理和全自动数据处理技术)对陕北晋西12个县市马兰黄土粘土矿物定量研究的最新结果。测试结果表明,马兰黄土的主要粘土矿物为伊利石／蒙脱石混层矿物(相对含量为60％～70％),而不是以往所认为的伊利石。伊利石在黄土中主要呈两种形式存在,即单矿物伊利石和伊／蒙混层矿物中的伊利石。研究还发现,各地马兰黄土粘土矿物组成变化不大,但在神木、河曲、偏关一带伊／蒙混层比有局部增高的现象。根据扫描电子显微镜观察,黄土中粘土矿物不是以单粒形式存在,而主要是以集粒粘附物的形式包裹在碎屑颗粒表面。黄土中粘土矿物组成及其存在形式一方面可以充分揭示黄土物源区的表生化学环境特征;另一方面,伊／蒙混层矿物作为一种广泛分布的膨胀性粘土矿物和它在黄土粘土矿物中所占地位,对于认识马兰黄土在水作用下的湿陷变形和强度衰减的本质具有重要意义。     

贵州省黔西县大寨地区中三叠统关岭组绿豆岩矿物学特征

采集了贵州省黔西县大寨地区的中三叠统关岭组松子坎段底部绿豆岩4件样品,运用显微鉴定、X射线衍射、红外光谱、差热和热重分析、扫描电镜与能谱分析方法,对绿豆岩黏土矿物进行准确定性定量分析。研究表明,绿豆岩主要矿物为伊利石、蒙脱石、伊利石/蒙脱石混层矿物及少量石英、绿泥石,豆粒主要矿物为方解石、石英、伊利石。     

云母类粘土矿物的研究及其地质意义

云母类粘土矿物的研究及其地质意义刘云（中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所，江苏南京，２１０００８）关键词云母类粘土矿物，红外谱线变化，矿物学研究，地质意义铝二八面体云母类粘土矿物是蒙脱石一伊利石、蒙脱石混层一伊利石系列的一个过渡型矿物，在沉积岩中广泛分布...     

柴达木盆地第三系粘土矿物横向分布规律及控制因素研究

本文根据粘土矿物的类型、含量和组合特征了柴达木盆地第三系粘土矿物横向分布规律，发现上、下第三系尽管伊/蒙间层粘土、伊利石这两类主要粘土矿物从湖盆的边缘向中心分别呈现减小和增大的趋势，但其含量对比及矿物组合显然不同，下第三系以伊利石为主，主要有Ｉ＋有序Ｉ/Ｓ＋Ｃｈ＋Ｋ组合，其次为不含高岭石的组合；上第三系，湖盆边缘相带以Ｉ/Ｓ间层为主，并主要呈现无序Ｉ/Ｓ间层＋Ｉ＋Ｃｈ＋Ｋ组合，湖盆中心相区则与下第三系类似，但Ｉ/Ｓ间层的含量却要高一些。上述分布规律的控制因素主要有干旱-半干旱的古气候状况、不同的母岩类型、沉积环境和成岩作用强度等。     

Diagenetic evolution of the volcaniclastic deposits: an example from Neoproterozoic Dokhan Volcanics in Wadi Queih basin,central Eastern Desert,Egypt

Wadi Queih basin hosts a ～2,500-m thick Neoproterozoic volcanoclastic successions that unconformably lie over the oldest Precambrian basement. These successions were deposited in alluvial fan, fluviatile, lacustrine, and aeolian depositional environments. Diagenetic minerals from these volcaniclastic successions were studied by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and analytical electron microscopy. The diagenetic processes recognized include mechanical compaction, cementation, and dissolution. Based on the framework grain–cement relationships, precipitation of the early calcite cement was either accompanied or followed by the development of part of the pore-lining and pore-filling clay cements. Secondary porosity development occurred due to partial to complete dissolution of early calcite cement and feldspar grains. In addition to calcite, several different clay minerals including kaolinite, illite, and chlorite with minor smectite occur as pore-filling and pore-lining cements. Chlorite coating grains helps to retain primary porosity by retarding the envelopment of quartz overgrowths. Clay minerals and their diagenetic assemblages has been distinguished between primary volcaniclastics directly produced by pyroclastic eruptions and epiclastic volcaniclastics derived from erosion of the pre-existing volcanic rocks. Phyllosilicates of the epiclastic rocks display wider compositional variations owing to wide variations in the mineralogical and chemical compositions of the parent material. Most of the phyllosilicates (kaolinite, illite, chlorite, mica, and smectite) are inherited minerals derived from the erosion of the volcanic basement complex, which had undergone hydrothermal alteration. Smectites of the epiclastic rocks are beidellite–montmorillonite derived from the altered volcanic materials of the sedimentary environment. Conversely, phyllosilicate minerals of the pyroclastic rocks are dominated by kaolinite, illite, and mica, which were formed by pedogenetic processes through the hydrothermal influence.     

海南岛周边海域表层沉积物中粘土矿物组合及其气候环境意义

X射线衍射分析结果显示,海南岛周边海域表层沉积物中粘土矿物主要由伊-蒙混层矿物、伊利石、高岭石和绿泥石等组成,其含量分别为34.2%,27.3%,21.1%和17.4%。采用人工判别分区和Q型聚类分析分区相结合的方法,将研究区按粘土矿物的相对含量和分布水深,划分出3个粘土矿物组合区,各分区的矿物组合特点显示它们的赋存现状受控于各种粘土矿物本身的粒度、形态特征、水动力条件和水深等因素。在南海海域首次鉴别出有较高含量的伊-蒙混层矿物存在,根据前人对伊-蒙混层矿物、伊利石和高岭石所指示气候条件的研究结果和本研究区内这些表层粘土矿物的含量、组合特征,判断海南岛及周边区域1 500 a以来一直处于比较温湿的气候环境。     

Clay Minerals in an Active Hydrothermal Field at Iheya‐North‐Knoll,Okinawa Trough

Iheya‐North‐Knoll is one of the small knolls covered with thick sediments in the Okinawa Trough back‐arc basin. At the east slope of Iheya‐North‐Knoll, nine hydrothermal vents with sulfide mounds are present. The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 331 studied Iheya‐North‐Knoll in September 2010. The expedition provided us with the opportunity to study clay minerals in deep sediments in Iheya‐North‐Knoll. To reveal characteristics of clay minerals in the deep sediments, samples from the drilling cores at three sites close to the most active hydrothermal vent were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The sediments are classified into Layer 0 (shallow), Layer 1 (deep), Layer 2 (deeper) and Layer 3 (deepest) on the basis of the assemblage of clay minerals. Layer 0 contains no clay minerals. Layer 1 contains smectite, kaolinite and illite/smectite mixed‐layer mineral. Layer 2 contains chlorite, corrensite and chlorite/smectite mixed‐layer mineral. Layer 3 is grouped into three sub‐layers, 3A, 3B and 3C; Sub‐layer 3A contains chlorite and illite/smectite mixed‐layer mineral, sub‐layer 3B contains chlorite/smectite and illite/smectite mixed‐layer minerals, and sub‐layer 3C contains chlorite and illite. Large amounts of di‐octahedral clay minerals such as smectite, kaolinite, illite and illite/smectite mixed‐layer mineral are found in Iheya‐North‐Knoll, which is rarely observed in hydrothermal fields in mid‐ocean ridges. Tri‐octahedral clay minerals such as chlorite, corrensite and chlorite/smectite mixed‐layer mineral in Iheya‐North‐Knoll have low Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratios compared with those in mid‐ocean ridges. In conclusion, the characteristics of clay minerals in Iheya‐North‐Knoll differ from those in mid‐ocean ridges; di‐octahedral clay minerals and Fe‐poor tri‐octahedral clay minerals occur in Iheya‐North‐Knoll but not in mid‐ocean ridges.     

Clay petrology of the Upper Triassic/Lower Jurassic terrestrial strata of the Newark Supergroup,Connecticut Valley,U.S.A.

The clay mineralogy of the Newark Supergroup (Upper Triassic/Lower Jurassic) in the Connecticut Valley was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. Clay minerals identified in 126 samples are illite, chlorite, smectite, kaolinite, vermiculite, expandable chlorite, mixed-layer illite/smectite, mixed-layer chlorite/smectite, and mixed-layer chlorite/vermiculite. In general, the rocks are illitic with subordinate amounts of chlorite. However, the various lithofacies in the Newark Supergroup are characterized by distinct clay-mineral assemblages. Red beds of floodplain origin contain clays mainly of detrital nature with 2M illite most abundant. Subordinate amounts of chlorite, smectite, vermiculite, kaolinite and mixed-layer illite/smectite are also present. An interstratified chlorite/vermiculite occurs in red mudstone underlying basalt flows. Lacustrine gray beds are generally characterized by the clay-mineral assemblage 1Md illite + chlorite with minor amounts of smectite ane expandable chlorite. An interstratified chlorite/smectite predominates in gray mudstone associated with perennial lake cycles in the East Berlin Formation. Black shales of deeper lacustrine origin contain the assemblage 1Md ifillite + trioctahedral smectite and traces of chlorite. Illite and smectite also occur as mixed-layer phases.In many respects, the distribution of clay minerals in the Connecticut Valley can be likened to the general scheme proposed for the Permo-Triassic basins of Europe and Africa. These display both vertical and horizontal variations in clay-mineral assemblages that reflect the chemical and spatiotemporal evolution of intrabasin depositional and diagenetic environments. Chemical data indicate that magnesium, especially, was concentrated in the black muds of large perennial lakes that intermittently occupied the Connecticut rift valley. Pore waters derived from these sediments played an important role in the development of Mg-rich 2 : 1 and interstratified clay minerals during early diagenesis.     

泥质岩成岩作用中的黏土矿物研究

文章通过对泥质岩的黏土质矿物组分、成岩作用中黏土质矿物变化综合研究,认为泥质岩中存在大量黏土矿物,且泥质沉积物由松散到固结成岩实质上是黏土矿物组成的变化。泥质岩中主要黏土矿物包括高岭石、蒙皂石、绿泥石、伊利石以及其组成的混层型矿物伊利石/蒙皂石、绿泥石/蒙皂石,其成岩过程可划分为成岩早期的压实阶段、成岩晚期的黏土矿物转化阶段。压实阶段的泥质沉积物中黏土矿物具有物源的继承性、沉积水体古环境指示意义;受压实作用孔隙水、层间水被排出,原生絮凝团被压破,使片状质点趋于平行排列,黏土矿物与孔隙水发生反应,亦形成少量的新生作用矿物,因而黏土矿物具继承源和新生作用源特性。成岩晚期阶段发生层间水释放及层间阳离子交换,从而使得矿物晶体结构与成分发生变化,主要表现为一元黏土矿物向二元混层型转化,最后再到一元型黏土矿物的转化,最终形成转变源黏土矿物。     

粘土矿物研究在塔里木盆地石油勘探中的应用

以塔里木盆地粘土矿物的分布特征及其组合形式、演化与形成机理为依据,探讨了粘土矿物在地层划分对比中的应用及其与有机质热演化、成岩阶段的关系和对储层物性的影响。研究表明,在侏罗系和白垩系两个不同古环境中形成的粘土矿物及其组合特征,为地层对比提供了一定的证据。泥岩中伊利石／蒙皂石间层中蒙皂石含量的纵向变化与有机质热演化及成岩阶段的关系不大。对储层物性影响不大但有利于储集性能的是以高岭石为主的粘土矿物组合类型及粘土矿物的早期自生（伊利石／蒙皂石间层矿物）衬垫式以及非自生（伊利石）衬垫式产状。     

中国含油气盆地粘土矿物的某些矿物学特征

本文总结归纳了２０多个含油气盆地粘土矿物的类型，讨论了８种较常见的、６种较少见的和３种极少见的粘土矿物的Ｘ射线衍射特征及其成分、形态和分布等方面的矿物学特征．     

Clay-mineral distribution patterns in late Neogene fluvial sediments of the Subathu sub-basin,central sector of Himalayan foreland basin: implications for provenance and climate

The late Neogene (6–0.5 Ma) fluvial succession of the Subathu sub-basin, a part of the Himalayan foreland basin, comprises a 2.4-km-thick pile of conglomerate, grey and buff sandstone, and mudstone, representing Middle and Upper Siwalik subgroup. This basin is filled mainly by major trunk and piedmont drainage, which are nearly perpendicular to each other. The clay-mineral assemblages of this sedimentary succession have illite (7–82%), smectite (0–90%), chlorite (2–23%) and kaolinite (1–13%). The grey sandstones have moderate to abundant smectite (23–90%), whereas the buff sandstones have abundant illite (66–79%) and low to absent smectite (0–14%). The mudstones that dominates the succession (>50%) have clay-mineral assemblages similar to grey and buff sandstones, or intermediate proportion. The temporal distribution of clay minerals in mudstones shows occasional intense zigzag pattern with either smectite (3–81%) or illite (15–82%) abundance.The smectite-rich grey sandstones and mudstones are deposited by trunk drainage, and the illite-rich buff sandstones and mudstones are deposited by piedmont drainage. The intense zigzag distribution pattern of clay minerals in mudstone indicates interfingering of floods from trunk and piedmont drainages. The interfingering was severe, ranging between 4.8 and 3.36 Ma and between 2.60 and 1.77 Ma, related to tectonic activity. The association of smectite (>36%) bearing mudstones and piedmont source-derived buff sandstone and conglomerate towards the upper part of the section (above 1.77 Ma) suggests either floodwater of trunk drainage over spill on the fringe of piedmont alluvial fan or derivation from smectite bearing Middle Siwalik rocks, exposed due to the activity of an intra-foreland thrust (IFT) in the piedmont zone. The occurrence of smectite and its variable proportion with time suggests its probable derivation not only from the sparsely exposed basic rock in the catchment area but also from siliceous and metamorphic rocks under favourable climatic conditions between 6 and 0.5 Ma.