河北平泉光头山碱性花岗岩中的钠铁非石

碱性花岗岩一般以含钠质镁铁硅酸盐矿物为特征,但光头山碱性花岗岩中除钠铁闪石和霓辉石外,还有钢铁非石。钠铁非石是一种三斜晶系的富钛、铁、铀的单链非辉石类硅酸盐矿物,通常和钠质辉石共生。和钠质角门石、钠质辉石一样,钠铁非石也是一种碱性指示矿物,只是比较少见。过碱性岩浆岩中是否出现钢铁非石,主要受岩浆的温度、氧逸度和成分的控制。钠铁非石形成于过碱性岩浆演化的晚期阶段。     

松辽盆地南部乾安油田青山口组含片钠铝石砂岩的成岩作用

松辽盆地南部乾安油田青山口组发育大量含片钠铝石砂岩.通过偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、茜素红-S染色和X-射线衍射分析等,对含片钠铝石砂岩的骨架碎屑成分、胶结物与自生矿物、成岩共生序列和流体演化等进行了系统研究.结果表明:松辽盆地南部乾安油田含片钠铝石砂岩的粒度为粉砂、微粒-细粒,分选中-好,岩石类型为微粒含片钠铝石长石砂岩、微粒含片钠铝石岩屑长石砂岩.胶结物与自生矿物主要为片钠铝石、铁白云石、方解石、次生加大石英、自生粘土矿物(高岭石及伊利石).片钠铝石一部分以放射状、束状和板状等产出,另一部分呈凝块状大面积地连片出现,尤为特殊.成岩共生序列依次为方解石-自生高岭石、次生加大石英-伊利石-片钠铝石、铁白云石.CO2注入前形成的自生矿物组合主要为多期方解石组合,高岭石、次生加大石英组合;CO2注入之后形成了片钠铝石和铁白云石组合.流体演化过程为碱性流体环境-酸性流体环境-酸性流体向碱性流体过渡或偏碱性流体环境-碱性流体环境.     

与碱性花岗岩有关的稀有稀土矿床

概述了含矿碱性花岗岩产出的地质背景，含矿岩体的主要特征。根据岩石中暗色矿物与主要成矿元素的关系，将碱性花岗岩矿床划分为３种矿化类型：含Ｎｂ（Ｓｎ）黑云母花岗岩；含Ｎｂ（Ｓｎ）、ＨＲＥＥ钠铁闪石－钠闪石花岗岩；含ＬＲＥＥ霓石花岗岩，并指出，碱性花岗岩矿床在我国北部边区和攀西裂谷带具有良好的成矿前景。     

玛湖凹陷风城组岩矿类型及其指示意义

正随着勘探的深入,深层二叠系风城组逐步成为准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷重要的勘探层系,其发育一套非常特殊的含火山岩类的碱性矿物组合。通过岩芯观察、薄片鉴定、背散射成像、能谱及X-衍射分析,着重剖析了风城组岩类特征。通过研究,在玛湖凹陷风城组识别出天然碱、水硅钠石、碳酸钠钙石、氯碳钠镁石、丝硅镁石、磷钠镁石、碳钠镁石等碱性矿物及玄武岩等火山岩类矿物。纵向上,风城组二段碱性矿物最为发育。碱类岩矿的大量出现,指     

新疆拜城县波孜果尔A型花岗岩类矿物学特征及岩浆形成的温度条件

新疆拜城县波孜果尔A型花岗岩类为富含铌、钽、锆等有用元素的含矿岩体。通过偏光显微镜、电子探针(EPMA)化学成分分析、电子探针背散射(BSE)对波孜果尔A型花岗岩类的矿物学特征进行了研究,并对岩浆形成的温度条件与构造背景进行了讨论。结果表明,波孜果尔A型花岗岩类包括霓石钠闪石英碱性长石正长岩、霓石钠闪碱性长石花岗岩、黑云母碱性长石正长岩3种岩石类型。主要造岩矿物包括石英、钠长石、钾长石、霓石、钠铁闪石和铁叶云母。副矿物包括锆石、烧绿石、钍石、萤石、独居石、氟碳铈镧矿、磷钇矿等。岩浆平均温度832~839℃,形成于非造山的板内构造环境,且具高温、无水、低氧逸度的成岩特点。     

深源包体中的含水高压矿物组合

河北汉诺坝碱性玄武岩中的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体是一种粗粒结构的岩石。在其主要造岩矿物——橄榄石和二辉石矿物的颗粒之间,发现一种呈板状或填隙状的褐色含水细粒矿物集合体。这种集合体主要由含水镁硅酸盐和橄榄石的高压相——林伍德石(Ringwoodite)组成,其次分散着细粒的金红石和少量尖晶石等,组成了一种极为少见的含水高压矿物组合。     

氟钠烧绿石——一种烧绿石超族的新矿物

氟钠烧绿石发现于中国新疆维吾尔自治区阿克苏地区波孜果尔稀土矿床的碱性侵入花岗岩中。本文对其物理性质、化学成分和晶体结构进行了研究,并按照烧绿石超族矿物分类命名新方案定名为"氟钠烧绿石"。该新矿物及其名称得到了国际矿物学会新矿物及矿物、分类命名委员会(CNMNC-IMA)的正式批准。     

格陵兰岛伊犁马萨克碱性杂岩原生矿石矿物研究进展

格陵兰伊犁马萨克杂岩是世界最大的碱性杂岩之一,以盛产稀有矿物而闻名,已发现的矿物超过230种。斯坦硅石和异性石由于富含稀土、铀,是杂岩体中重要的矿石矿物。斯坦硅石主要分布于杂岩体钠铁闪石异霞正长岩内,异性石主要分布于条纹霞石正长岩中。文章基于前人研究,从岩体产出环境、岩石组成、勘探历史、矿石矿物类型及蚀变特征等方面进行了系统总结。     

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷含片钠铝石沉凝灰岩的成岩作用

以海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷大磨拐河组—伊敏组的含片钠铝石火山碎屑岩为研究对象,采用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜及配套能谱、茜素红-S染色、阴极发光和X-射线衍射分析等技术手段,对研究样品的岩石类型、自生矿物种类及共生序列进行了详细研究.贝尔凹陷发育片钠铝石的宿主岩石类型为沉凝灰岩,自生矿物以发育片钠铝石、铁白云石和菱铁矿三种碳酸盐矿物为主,片钠铝石含量高达25％.成岩共生序列为菱铁矿Ⅰ→高岭石、石英次生加大→片钠铝石→微晶石英→方解石→铁白云石→菱铁矿Ⅱ→沥青.不同于国内外其它地区发现片钠铝石的主要产状为充填孔隙,本区内发育的片钠铝石以交代长石、石英、岩屑颗粒和高岭石基质为赋存特征,表明沉凝灰岩中的长石、岩屑、高岭石基质可以为其提供金属离子物质来源,并在CO2参与下,与成岩流体反应生成片钠铝石.大量碳酸盐矿物(15-44％)的发育证明了火山碎屑岩具有较高的CO2矿物捕获能力.     

钠化和赤铁矿化蚀变对Zr和Nb-Be-REE矿化的指示意义:以内蒙古巴尔哲矿床为例

碱性花岗岩型稀有稀土金属矿床是Zr、Nb、Be及REE的重要来源，其成矿经历了多种交代和蚀变过程，但这些交代和蚀变与矿化的指示意义尚未明确。内蒙古巴尔哲碱性花岗岩型稀有稀土矿床拥有世界级的Zr、Nb、Be及REE储量，发育强烈的钠质交代和赤铁矿化，是探讨上述问题的理想对象。显微岩相学、全岩主微量和钠铁闪石主微量元素分析表明，未蚀变界熔花岗岩贫Zr、Nb、Be和REE，钠铁闪石具有较高的REE含量和较低的Na含量。钠质交代界熔花岗岩均发生了赤铁矿化蚀变，主要发育雪球石英、钠锆石、兴安石、独居石、氟碳铈矿及Nb-Be-REE矿物假象。其主要特征为:全岩贫F和富Zr、Nb、Be和REE金属元素;钠铁闪石可见霓石化，钠铁闪石具有较低的REE含量和较高的Na含量，钠锆石原位分解再结晶为锆石-石英假象。仅赤铁矿化界熔花岗岩主要发育兴安石、独居石、氟碳铈矿及Nb-Be-REE矿物假象。其主要特征为:全岩富REE、Be，贫Zr、Nb金属元素;钠铁闪石被赤铁矿、铌铁矿等含铁氧化物交代，钠铁闪石具有较高的REE含量和较低的Na含量。界熔花岗岩钠质交代过程中，钠铁闪石发生霓石化释放Ba、Zr、Nb和部分RE...     

黑龙江争光金矿床方铅矿黄铁矿Rb-Sr年龄及地质意义

争光金矿床位于兴安地块东缘黑龙江省多宝山铜钼-金矿集区南东端,矿体产于早奥陶世闪长岩与下奥陶统多宝山组地层接触带及多宝山组中,为大型金矿.因缺乏精确的成矿年代学研究,其成矿时代一直存在争议.本文在争光金矿床地质背景和岩石矿物学研究的基础上,对矿区内12件矿石样品中共生矿物方铅矿和黄铁矿进行Rb-Sr同位素年代学研究.结...     

Geochemistry of microgranular enclaves and host granite from Telões (Vila Pouca de Aguiar), Northern Portugal

At Telões, a subaluminous medium- to coarse-grained porphyritic biotite granite, crops out along the Vila Real NNE–SSW fault. It is a post-tectonic granite of 299±3 Ma old given by U–Pb isotopic data on zircon. It contains metaluminous to subaluminous tonalitic, granodioritic and monzogranitic enclaves. All granitoids have Fe²⁺-biotite and some enclaves contain magnesiohornblende and subsolidus actinolite. Monzogranitic enclaves show obvious similarities to the host granite. Linear array between enclaves and host granite is observed in Rb–Sr typical isochron diagram and gives the age of 286±11 Ma and (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)₀=0.7063±0.0011. Microgranular enclaves have δ¹⁸O values similar to those of the hosting granite. Microgranular enclaves are hybrid rocks probably formed by mixing between a tonalitic enclave magma and a host granite magma as supported by the modelling of major and trace elements. The similar isotopic signatures suggest a subsequent partial equilibration of the enclaves and granite magmas.     

Isotopic equilibrium/disequilibrium in granites, metasedimentary rocks and migmatites (Damara orogen, Namibia)—a consequence of polymetamorphism and melting

The overwhelming part of the continental crust in the high-grade part of the Damara orogen of Namibia consists of S-type granites, metasedimentary rocks and migmatites. At Oetmoed (central Damara orogen) two different S-type granites occur. Their negative ε_Nd values (− 3.3 to − 5.9), moderately high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.714–0.731), moderately high ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (18.21–18.70) and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (37.74–37.89) isotope ratios suggest that they originated by melting of mainly mid-Proterozoic metasedimentary material. Metasedimentary country rocks have initial ε_Nd of − 4.2 to − 5.6, initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of 0.718–0.725, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of 18.32–18.69 and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of 37.91–38.45 compatible with their variation in Rb/Sr, U/Pb and Th/Pb ratios. Some migmatites and residual metasedimentary xenoliths tend to have more variable ε_Nd values (initial ε_Nd: − 4.2 to − 7.1), initial Sr isotope ratios (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr: 0.708–0.735) and less radiogenic ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (18.22–18.53) and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (37.78–38.10) isotope compositions than the metasedimentary rocks. On a Rb–Sr isochron plot the metasedimentary rocks and various migmatites plot on a straight line that corresponds to an age of c. 550 Ma which is interpreted to indicate major fractionation of the Rb–Sr system at that time. However, initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of the melanosomes of the stromatic migmatites (calculated for their U–Pb monazite and Sm–Nd garnet ages of c. 510 Ma) are more radiogenic (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr: 0.725) than those obtained on their corresponding leucosomes (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr: 0.718) implying disequilibrium conditions during migmatization that have not lead to complete homogenization of the Rb–Sr system. However, the leucosomes have similar Nd isotope characteristics than the inferred residues (melanosomes) indicating the robustness of the Sm–Nd isotope system during high-grade metamorphism and melting. On a Rb–Sr isochron plot residual metasedimentary xenoliths show residual slopes of c. 66 Ma (calculated for an U–Pb monazite age of 470 Ma) again indicating major fractionation of Rb/Sr at c. 540 Ma. However, at 540 Ma, these xenoliths have unradiogenic Sr isotope compositions of c. 0.7052, indicating depleted metasedimentary sources at depth. Based on the distinct Pb isotope composition of the metasedimentary rocks and S-type granites, metasedimentary rocks similar to the country rocks are unlikely sources for the S-type granites. Moreover, a combination of Sr, Nd, Pb and O isotopes favours a three-component mixing model (metasedimentary rocks, altered volcanogenic material, meta-igneous crust) that may explain the isotopic variabilty of the granites. The mid-crustal origin of the different types of granite emphasises the importance of recycling and reprocessing of pre-existing differentiated material and precludes a direct mantle contribution during the petrogenesis of the orogenic granites in the central Damara orogen of Namibia.     

Geochemistry of granitoids and their minerals from Rebordelo–Agrochão area, northern Portugal

Deformed Hercynian peraluminous granitoids ranging from tonalite to granite crop out in the Rebordelo–Agrochão area, northern Portugal and some of them contain tonalitic and granodioritic enclaves. Variation diagrams of major and trace elements of the rocks, biotites and sphenes show fractionation trends. The most- and the least-deformed samples of granite and their biotites also define fractionation trends. There is decrease in all rare earth element (REE) contents and increase in the Eu anomaly in REE patterns from the most- to the least-deformed samples of granite. All the granitoids define a whole-rock Rb–Sr errorchron. A whole-rock Rb–Sr isochron for the least-deformed samples of granite yields an age of 357±9 Ma and an initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.7087±0.0007. Geochemical modelling suggests that the tonalitic magma evolved by AFC (fractional crystallization of magnesiohornblende, plagioclase, quartz, biotite and ilmenite, and assimilation of metasediments) to originate tonalitic and granodioritic enclaves, granodiorite and granite. δ¹⁸O values support this mechanism. The tonalite is hybrid and derived by interaction of a mantle-derived magma and crustal materials.     

京津地区长城系下伏变质岩系变质年龄及长城系底界年龄的厘定

长城系属中元古宇底部,其底界年龄一直存在争议。国内发表的数据在2000-1640Ma之间。通过分析以往数据,并据近年新资料,认为长城系底界年龄划在(1700±20)Ma是比较合理的。     

Sr and Nd isotopic compositions, age and petrogenesis of A-type granitoids of the Vernon Supersuite, New Jersey Highlands, USA

Voluminous late Mesoproterozoic monzonite through granite of the Vernon Supersuite underlies an area of approximately 1300 km² in the Highlands of northern New Jersey. The Vernon Supersuite consists of hastingsite±biotite-bearing granitoids of the Byram Intrusive Suite (BIS) and hedenbergite-bearing granitoids of the Lake Hopatcong Intrusive Suite (LHIS). These rocks have similar major and trace element abundances over a range of SiO₂ from 58 to 75 wt.%, are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous, and have a distinctive A-type chemistry characterized by high contents of Y, Nb, Zr, LREE, and Ga/Al ratios, and low MgO, CaO, Sr and HREE. Whole-rock Rb–Sr isochrons of BIS granite yield an age of 1116±41 Ma and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.70389, and of LHIS granite an age of 1095±9 Ma and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.70520. Both suites have similar initial ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios of 0.511267 to 0.511345 (BIS) and 0.511359 to 0.511395 (LHIS). Values of _Nd are moderately high and range from +1.21 to +2.74 in the BIS and +2.24 to +2.95 in the LHIS. Petrographic evidence, field relationships, geochemistry, and isotopic data support an interpretation of comagmatism and the derivation of both suites from a mantle-derived or a juvenile lower crustal parent with little crustal assimilation. Both suites crystallized under overlapping conditions controlled by P–T–f_H2O. Lake Hopatcong magma crystallized at a liquidus temperature that approached 900°C and a pressure of about 6 kbar, and remained relatively anhydrous throughout its evolution. Initial P–T conditions of the Byram magma were ≥850°C and about 5.5 kbar. BIS magma was emplaced contemporaneous with, or slightly preceding LHIS magma, and both magmas were emplaced during a compressional tectonic event prior to granulite facies metamorphism that occurred in the Highlands between 1080 and 1030 Ma.     

The mafic-ultramafic complex near Finero (Ivrea-Verbano Zone), II. Geochronology and isotope geochemistry

Whole-rock Nd and Sr isotopic compositions of the mafic-ultramafic complex near Finero demonstrate that the magma was derived from a depleted, perhaps MORB-type mantle reservoir. The Sm-Nd data for the Amphibole Peridotite unit can be interpreted as an isochron with an apparent age of 533 ± 20 Ma, which is consistent with a ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb evaporation age of 549 ± 12 Ma of a single zircon grain from the Internal Gabbro unit. However, the interpretation of these apparent ages remains open to question. We therefore retain the alternative hypotheses that the intrusion occurred either about 533 or 270 Ma ago, the latter being the most likely age of emplacement of the much larger magma body near Balmuccia (Val Sesia). The implication of the older emplacement age (if correct) would be that the igneous complex may be related to the numerous amphibolite units, which are intercalated with the metapelites of the overlying Kinzigite Formation, and together with them may constitute an accretionary complex. In this case, the mafic-ultramafic complex itself might also be part of such an accretionary complex (as has been proposed for the Balmuccia peridotite).

Internal Sm-Nd isochrons involving grt, cpx, plag and amph from the Internal Gabbro unit yield concordant ages of 231 ± 23, 226 ± 7, 223 ± 10, 214 ± 17, and 203 ± 13 Ma. These results confirm published evidence for a separate, regional heating event about 215 ± 15 Ma ago.

Initial _Nd(533) values average +6.3 ± 0.4 for six samples of the Amphibole Peridotite unit and +6.0 ± 1.2 for ten samples of the External Gabbro unit. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios require little or no age correction and range from 0.7026 to 0.7047 (with two outliers at 0.7053 and 0.7071). Strong correlations between ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and K₂O and weaker correlations between initial _Nd and K₂O imply a comparatively minor (≤ 10%) contamination of the External Gabbro magma by crustal material and a later alteration by a crustal or seawater-derived fluid. These results contrast sharply with the isotopic composition (negative _Nd and high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values) of the associated mantle rocks, the Phlogopite Peridotite unit, which has been pervasively metasomatized by crustal fluids. This type of metasomatism and its isotopic signature are never seen in the magmatic complex. This evidence rules out any direct genetic relationship between the igneous complex and the mantle peridotite. The crust-mantle interaction is the opposite of that seen at Balmuccia, where the mantle peridotite is essentially ‘pristine’ and the magmatic body has been extensively contaminated by assimilation of crustal rocks.     

滇西花岗岩类 Pb、Sr 同位素组成特征及其基底时代和性质

澜沧江西侧的临沧花岗岩带和怒江以西的腾冲花岗岩带是滇西最主要的两个花岗岩带,它们形成于不同构造环境。Pb、Sr 同位素研究表明,腾冲花岗岩主要来源于1200-2000Ma 的上地壳(或未分异的地壳)物质,同位素组成变化范围较小,说明源区物质组分较均一。临沧带 Pb 同位素组成变化较大,其物源是上地壳、造山带和上地幔不均匀的混合物,基底时代为800-1600Ma。因此,临沧地区和腾冲地区的基底时代和性质不同,应视为两个不同的基底地体。     

大庙斜长岩同位素地质年龄、稀土地球化学及其地质意义

大庙斜长岩的⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年龄测定呈现出一条典型的马鞍型年龄谱,在中温阶段有二个明显的坪年龄1656±15 Ma和1029±7 Ma,结合其构造位置和全球斜长岩分布来看,它们分别代表了侵位年龄和后期热扰动的时代。密云奥长环斑花岗岩中角闪石的⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar坪年龄为1716±21 Ma。两者时空上密切相关,代表了裂谷作用初期非造山环境中双模式岩浆作用产物。斜长岩类和苏长岩之间稀土配分模式的相似性表明,它们明显为同一成因的岩浆分异系列的产物。     

大兴安岭南段道伦达坝铜钨锡矿床成矿作用:来自锆石和独居石U-Pb和绢云母40Ar-39Ar年龄的约束

道伦达坝中型铜钨锡矿床位于大兴安岭南段,矿体呈脉状赋存于二叠系板岩及华力西期黑云母花岗岩的断裂破碎带中。道伦达坝矿床发育铜矿体、锡矿体、钨矿体、铜钨矿体、铜锡矿体、钨锡矿体和铜钨锡矿体。矿床的成矿过程可以划分为石英-萤石-白云母-电气石-锡石-黑钨矿阶段(Ⅰ阶段)、石英-萤石-黑钨矿-黄铜矿-毒砂-磁黄铁矿阶段(Ⅱ阶段)、石英-萤石-绢云母-黄铜矿-磁黄铁矿-黄铁矿-银矿物阶段(Ⅲ阶段)和方解石-石英-萤石-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅳ阶段)。道伦达坝矿床外围的张家营子岩体中的细粒花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为136.1±0.4Ma。Ⅱ阶段Cu-W共生矿体中2件独居石的LAICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为136.0±2.3Ma和135.1±2.2Ma。Ⅲ阶段Cu矿体中1件独居石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为134.7±2.8Ma。Ⅲ阶段铜矿体中1件绢云母的⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar坪年龄为138.8±0.47Ma,等时线年龄为140.0±1.1Ma。系统的定年结果表明,道伦达坝矿床的铜钨矿体和铜矿体均形成于早白垩世,它们属于同一个成矿系统;成矿与早白垩世高分异花岗岩有密切的成因联系。