塔里木北缘波孜果尔碱性(花岗)岩铌-钽-锆-铷-稀土矿床钠铁闪石、霓石特征及意义

碱性造岩矿物能够记录碱性岩源区特征、岩浆演化以及晚期成矿的重要信息,是开展碱性岩成岩成矿研究的有效手段。波孜果尔碱性花岗岩型铌-钽-锆-铷-稀土矿床位于塔里木北缘-中亚南天山晚古生代造山带,是塔里木地块北缘铌成矿带中典型的碱性岩型矿床。本文通过对含矿岩体中的霓石和钠铁闪石开展矿物学研究,结合全岩成分揭示波孜果尔稀有-稀土金属矿床含矿岩体的岩石类型、演化特征、构造背景及成矿条件。研究发现,含矿碱性岩体由霓石钠铁闪石碱长花岗岩、霓石钠铁闪石石英碱长正长岩、霓石钠铁闪石碱长正长岩组成。不同岩相岩石均表现出相似的稀土和微量元素配分模式,以富集轻稀土元素和高场强元素,亏损大离子亲石元素和重稀土元素为特征,具有显著的负Eu异常,指示三种岩石类型是同源岩浆演化的产物。含矿岩体中的辉石为霓石-霓辉石,角闪石为钠铁闪石。霓石和钠铁闪石稀土和微量元素配分模式相似且含量都较低,富集重稀土、亏损轻稀土,具有显著的负Eu异常,并富集Zr、Hf等高场强元素,亏损Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素。霓石和钠铁闪石微量元素特征指示三个岩相单元的演化程度由低到高依次为霓石钠铁闪石碱长花岗岩→霓石钠铁闪石石英碱长正长岩→霓石钠铁闪石碱长正长岩,且结晶分异作用控制了岩体的形成。同时,早期霓石钠铁闪石碱长花岗岩的钠铁闪石呈现Ce正异常,晚期岩相中则无异常,指示演化的早期阶段氧逸度较高,随着磁铁矿等氧化物的结晶熔体趋于还原。波孜果尔含矿岩体成矿元素除Rb外分布并不均匀,表现为演化早期的岩相富集Nb,而演化晚期的岩相更富集稀土和Zr。进一步研究发现,塔里木北缘碱性岩带发育的铌、稀土、钽、锆、铷、铀等稀有稀土金属矿化与地幔柱引起的幔源岩浆底侵有关,其构造背景可能为地幔柱对造山带的叠置。     

新疆拜城波孜果尔东矿区侵入岩矿物学特征

新疆拜城县波孜果尔东矿区侵入岩为富含铌、钽、铀、钍、稀土、锆、铷、铯、锂等有用元素的含矿岩体.通过偏光显微镜、电子探针(EPMA)分析, 对拜城波孜果尔东矿区侵入岩的矿物学特征进行了详细的研究, 并对岩浆形成的构造背景进行了初步探讨, 这对成岩、成矿作用研究有一定参考意义.研究结果表明, 波孜果尔东矿区侵入岩为黑云母碱性花岗岩, 主要造岩矿物包括石英、钠长石、钾长石、钠铁闪石、锂云母和黑云母等.其中, 黑云母为锂铁叶云母, 以富Si富Fe、低Al贫Mg为特征; 锂云母以富Si、高Li低Al为特征, 它们为黑云母-锂铁云母系列的不同成员, 均属三八面体型.钠铁闪石以富含Fe2+为特征.副矿物包括烧绿石、星叶石、氟铈矿、独居石、钍石、萤石、锆石、铌铁矿等.岩石形成于非造山的板内构造环境, 且具高温、无水、低氧逸度的成岩特点.      

Metallogenic age and metallogenic dynamic setting of the Boziguoer super-large rare-rare earth metal deposit in Xinjiang: Insights from monazite U-Th-Pb dating and graphite Laser Raman spectroscopySCIEI北大核心CSCD

波孜果尔碱性岩型Nb-Ta-Rb-Zr-REE矿床位于塔里木克拉通北缘与南天山造山带的接合地段,是近年来在塔里木北缘碱性岩带中发现的规模最大的稀有-稀土综合性矿床。本文通过对含矿岩体中的独居石和晶质石墨包体开展成矿年代学和岩浆形成条件研究,结合含矿碱性岩全岩成分,揭示波孜果尔碱性岩型稀有-稀土金属矿床的岩石地球化学特征、晶质石墨对成岩/成矿的指示、稀土成矿时代和成矿动力学背景,并进一步总结区域成矿指示意义。研究发现,波孜果尔碱性岩以富含碱性暗色矿物(钠铁闪石和霓石)为特征,岩性以正长岩为主,有较高的稀土总量,富集轻稀土元素和高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th、U等),亏损重稀土元素和Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素,显示强烈的负Eu异常。通过对晶质石墨的研究发现,不同岩相组中石墨的拉曼谱峰相似,显示具有较高的结晶程度,岩浆演化从细晶到伟晶阶段,石墨的无序度增大,可能与烧绿石和锆石等含放射性元素矿物增多使得辐射加强的影响有关。估算石墨的结晶温度介于700~800℃之间,其形成早于碱性岩浆,指示碱性岩浆早期为还原环境,晚期趋于氧化。独居石LA-ICP-MS U-Th-Pb结果显示波孜果尔稀土矿化时代约为280Ma,结合前人已获得的锆石U-Pb年龄,表明波孜果尔碱性岩浆活动时间从~290Ma到280Ma,持续了至少10Myr。进一步研究发现,从时间和空间上,波孜果尔含矿碱性岩所在的碱性岩带形成与塔里木地幔柱有关。地幔柱就位诱发被先前俯冲物质交代富集稀有-稀土元素和挥发性成分的岩石圈地幔低程度部分熔融形成富成矿元素的碱性岩母岩浆,随后在岩浆演化晚期富集成矿。     

新疆乌伦古河碱性花岗岩的地球化学及其构造意义

在新疆北部准噶尔板块与阿尔泰造山带的缝合带即阿尔曼泰-扎河坝蛇绿混杂岩带附近,沿乌伦古河南岸分布一条碱性花岗岩带。它们形成的时代为292-309Ma,是阿尔泰地区海西期继同碰撞s型花岗岩类、碰撞后抬升Ⅰ型花岗岩类之后的最后一次岩浆活动的产物。这些碱性花岗岩以出现霓石、钠铁闪石、高硅、高碱、低钙、低镁、富集高场强元素为特征,属于典型的A型花岗岩。碱性花岗岩是海西期岩浆旋回的最后产物,活动时间很短暂,在空间上与蛇绿岩带伴生,为后造山A型碱性花岗岩(PA型),是阿尔泰海西期造山运动结束的重要标志。     

四川锦屏山地区碱性杂岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

四川锦屏山地区碱性杂岩位于扬子地台西南缘,其岩体的主要岩石类型为霓石英碱正长岩、英碱正长岩、含萤石霓石钠闪-钠铁闪石碱性花岗岩、霓石(碱性)花岗斑岩、碱性伟晶岩脉。为确定该碱性杂岩的形成时代、成因及地质意义,对其进行了岩相学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地球化学研究。结果表明,碱性杂岩中的锆石为岩浆成因,锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄为27.06±0.51Ma,侵入时代属于渐新世。该岩石具有富碱,高钾,贫镁、钙的岩石化学特征,属于碱性岩石系列。其稀土元素总量极高,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,Eu异常不显著。微量元素相对富集Th、Zr、La、Nd等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素的特征。综合以上数据、结合区域构造演化背景,说明该碱性杂岩为扬子地块插入到龙门山地壳的过程中,俯冲陆壳发生变质、脱水后形成的产物。     

四川锦屏山地区碱性杂岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

四川锦屏山地区碱性杂岩位于扬子地台西南缘,其岩体的主要岩石类型为霓石英碱正长岩、英碱正长岩、含萤石霓石钠闪-钠铁闪石碱性花岗岩、霓石(碱性)花岗斑岩、碱性伟晶岩脉。为确定该碱性杂岩的形成时代、成因及地质意义,对其进行了岩相学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地球化学研究。结果表明,碱性杂岩中的锆石为岩浆成因,锆石⁽²⁰⁶⁾Pb/(206)Pb/⁽²³⁸⁾U加权平均年龄为27.06±0.51Ma,侵入时代属于渐新世。该岩石具有富碱,高钾,贫镁、钙的岩石化学特征,属于碱性岩石系列。其稀土元素总量极高,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,Eu异常不显著。微量元素相对富集Th、Zr、La、Nd等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素的特征。综合以上数据、结合区域构造演化背景,说明该碱性杂岩为扬子地块插入到龙门山地壳的过程中,俯冲陆壳发生变质、脱水后形成的产物。     

华南绍兴-恩平富碱侵入岩带的厘定及其动力学意义初探

根据野外地质及室内岩相学、矿物成分和岩石化学的研究，从华南腹地厘定了一条重要的中生代NE向富碱侵入岩带－绍兴－恩平富碱侵入岩带。该岩带全长约1400km，宽100－150km，不仅发育有狭义的碱性岩（方沸黑云橄榄黄长岩、白榴黄长煌斑岩、霞石正长岩、霓辉石正长岩、黑榴石正长岩和含霓石石英正长岩）和碱性花岗岩（钠闪石花岗岩、霓辉石钠闪石花岗岩），还发育有大量的正长岩类－二长岩类－碱长花岗岩或晶洞钾长花岗岩。这些富碱侵入岩主要形成于晚中生代。绍兴－恩平燕山期富碱侵入岩带的厘定将对研究华南中生代的动力学的背景与演化具有重要的意义。     

新疆东准噶尔北部扎河坝富碱花岗质岩石矿物学特征及物理化学条件

新疆东准噶尔北部扎河坝富碱花岗质岩石分布于乌伦古大断裂与额尔齐斯-玛因鄂博大断裂之间。富碱花岗岩类有石英碱性正长岩、碱性长石花岗岩、石英二长斑岩及碱性长石正长岩等岩石类型。在详细的显微镜观察基础上,全岩分析和电子探针分析结果表明,富碱花岗质岩中的矿物组合是碱性长石 石英 钠铁闪石 霓辉石,以出现高硅、富碱、贫铝、低钙、低镁、高铁、高锰、贫水为特征。铁钛氧化物温度计估算出的富碱花岗岩体结晶温度在650℃~755℃之间,氧逸度为10-17.17Pa~10-14.39Pa,结合钠铁闪石的特征,碱性岩浆演化后期存在着明显的水-岩作用,扎河坝富碱花岗质岩石形成于低压、高氧逸度、中高温环境,反映了相对开放、浅成的形成环境。     

新疆阿图什苏洪东碱性花岗岩型铌钽富矿脉的发现及意义

新疆阿图什苏洪东碱性花岗岩为西南天山哈拉峻巴什索贡杂岩体（辉长岩、霓石正长岩、碱性花岗岩）组成部分,处于塔里木板块北缘—南天山造山带中碱性杂岩带三大集中区（库尔勒、拜城、哈拉峻）西段。自1961年在杂岩体中发现稀土、铌钽矿化线索以来,虽持续对其进行找矿调查研究,但进展均不明显。近年来,通过预研究、野外查证、样品测试等研究工作,发现苏洪东碱性花岗岩为区内铌钽控矿岩体,（Na,Ta）2O5品位最高为0.106%,Ta2O5品位最高为0.010%;首次在碱性花岗岩边缘地带发现铌钽富矿脉,（Na,Ta）2O5品位为0.278%,Ta2O5品位为0.044%。研究认为苏洪东碱性花岗岩与拜城波孜果尔铌钽矿床控矿岩体特征相似,具有重要的找矿和研究意义,推进了西南天山碱性花岗岩型稀有金属及稀土找矿突破。     

东秦岭北部富碱侵入岩的主要矿物组成

在秦岭富碱侵入岩主要集中分布在陕西省洛南与河南省卢氏－确山一带，岩石类型有碱性岩、碱性花岗岩和石英长岩三大类。电子探针测定结果表明，岩石中的暗色矿物辉石类主要为霓辉石和霓石，角闪石类主要为钙质浅闪石、阳起石质闪石、镁质角闪石、钠钙质绿闪石、黑云母类主要为铁云母和金云母。浅色矿物化学及碱性长石粉晶X射线衍射研究表明，长石类主要为富K端员的微粒长石和最大微斜长石，少量钠长石，极少Na-Ca系列的斜长石。霞石类主要为钾霞石和钙霞石。     

The Geochemical and Zircon Trace Elements Characteristics of A-type Granitoids in Boziguoer,Baicheng County,Xinjiang

The Boziguoer A-type granitoids in Baicheng County,Xinjiang,belong to the northern margin of the Tarim platform as well as the neighboring EW-oriented alkaline intrusive rocks.The rocks comprise an aegirine or arfvedsonite quartz alkali feldspar syenite,an aegirine or arfvedsonite alkali feldspar granite,and a biotite alkali feldspar syenite.The major rock-forming minerals are albite,K-feldspar,quartz,arfvedsonite,aegirine,and siderophyllite.The accessory minerals are mainly zircon,pyrochlore,thorite,fluorite,monazite,bastnaesite,xenotime,and astrophyllite.The chemical composition of the alkaline granitoids show that SiO2 varies from 64.55％ to 72.29％ with a mean value of 67.32％,Na2O＋K2O is high （9.85％-11.87％） with a mean of 11.14％,K2O is 2.39％-5.47％ （mean =4.73％）,the K2O/Na2O ratios are 0.31-0.96,Al2O3 ranges from 12.58％ to 15.44％,and total FeOT is between 2.35％ and 5.65％.CaO,MgO,MnO,and TiO2 are low.The REE content is high and the total SREE is （263-1219） ppm （mean =776 ppm）,showing LREE enrichment and HREE depletion with strong negative Eu anomalies.In addition,the chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the alkaline granitoids belong to the ＂seagull＂ pattern of the right-type.The Zr content is （113-1246） ppm （mean =594 ppm）,Zr＋Nb＋Ce＋Y is between （478-2203） ppm with a mean of 1362 ppm.Furthermore,the alkaline granitoids have high HFSE （Ga,Nb,Ta,Zr,and Hf） content and low LILE （Ba,K,and Sr） content.The Nb/Ta ratio varies from 7.23 to 32.59 （mean =16.59） and the Zr/Hf ratio is 16.69-58.04 （mean =36.80）.The zircons are depleted in LREE and enriched in HREE.The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the zircons are of the ＂seagull＂ pattern of the left-inclined type with strong negative Eu anomaly and without a Ce anomaly.The Boziguoer A-type granitoids share similar features with A1-type granites.The average temperature of the granitic magma was estimated at 832-839℃.The Boziguoer A-type granitoids show crust-mantle mixing and may have formed in an anorogenic intraplate tectonic setting under high-temperature,anhydrous,and low oxygen fugacity conditions.     

冀北雾灵山碱性花岗质杂岩的岩石学,成因类型及构造意义

河北雾灵山碱性花岗质杂岩主要由似斑状碱长正长岩、碱长正长斑岩、碱性石英正长岩和碱性石英正长班岩组成，是华北地区燕山晚期岩浆活动的代表。本文系统报道了它的地质学、岩相学、岩石化学和地球化学的特征，讨论了它的成因类型归属和所代表的大地构造环境问题。这些资料表明；该杂岩体形成于白垩纪早期，是一个剥蚀程度较小、定位于浅成环境的硅饱和碱性－过碱性岩杂岩体，属裂谷－类裂谷Ａ型花岗岩类，它的出现表明华北地区早白垩纪时期曾处于板内裂谷－类裂谷的引张环境。     

安徽庐枞地区中生代A型花岗岩类及其岩石包体：在碰撞后岩浆演化过程中的意义

安徽庐枞地区位于下扬子断陷带内,区内中生代岩浆活动强烈,壳幔交换频繁,形成了一系列A型花岗岩类,其中产有一些同源岩石包体。这些A型花岗岩类以富碱富钾为特征,为准铝质硅饱和岩石,具有高的104×Ga/Al比值和REE含量,明显富集Rb,Th,K等大离子亲石元素,而Nb,Ta,Ti和Zr等高场强元素和Sr,P相对亏损。与寄主岩相比,岩石包体SiO2和全碱含量偏低,Cr,Co,Sc,V等元素明显偏高,Zr和Eu的负异常不明显。包体和寄主岩的（87Sr/86Sr）i 值为0.7053~0.7089,εNd（t）值为-2.2~-8.66。这些资料表明,庐枞地区中生代A型花岗岩类是起源于富集岩石圈地幔的玄武质岩浆与地壳物质发生轻度同化混染作用,并经历结晶分异作用的产物,在岩浆演化过程中,结晶分异作用发挥着主导作用。从岩石组合来看,庐枞地区的A型花岗岩类主要由石英正长斑岩、正长斑岩、辉石二长岩和碱长花岗岩组成,属于碰撞后准铝质镁铁质-长英质岩套的一部分。岩石样品分析数据在Nb-Y-Ce,Nb-Y-3Ga和Rb/Nb-Y/Nb图上的投影结果表明,庐枞A型花岗岩类为碰撞后环境结束阶段的产物。结合区域地质背景分析,可以认为庐枞地区A型花岗岩类形成于岩石圈伸展背景下的碰撞后岩浆活动的末期,其出现可能标志着碰撞后环境的结束。     

东天山东段国宝山晚二叠世—中三叠世花岗质岩石成因与构造意义——年代学和地球化学约束

东天山—北山地区是中国重要的金属成矿带,对于其晚二叠世—中三叠世构造演化的认识,仍存在较大分歧.东天山东段国宝山地区出露有一系列晚二叠世—中三叠世花岗质岩石,包括花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、石英正长岩、正长花岗岩和天河石花岗岩.该系列岩体整体以富硅、富碱为特征,其中花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和石英正长岩具有钾质和富镁特征,轻稀...     

河北平泉光头山碱性花岗岩中的钠铁非石

碱性花岗岩一般以含钠质镁铁硅酸盐矿物为特征,但光头山碱性花岗岩中除钠铁闪石和霓辉石外,还有钢铁非石。钠铁非石是一种三斜晶系的富钛、铁、铀的单链非辉石类硅酸盐矿物,通常和钠质辉石共生。和钠质角门石、钠质辉石一样,钠铁非石也是一种碱性指示矿物,只是比较少见。过碱性岩浆岩中是否出现钢铁非石,主要受岩浆的温度、氧逸度和成分的控制。钠铁非石形成于过碱性岩浆演化的晚期阶段。     

Geological and Geochemical Characteristics and Petrogenesis of the Anqing—Lujiang Quartz Syenite Rock Belt,East China

The Anqing-Lujiang quartz syenite rock belt consists of the Huangmeijian, Chengshan and Dalongshan composite batholiths which intruded into the Mesozoic strata. The country rocks were subjected to thermal contact metamorphism with little sign of folding and regional metamorphism. The rock belt is Late Yenshanian in age with a Rb-Sr isochron age of 135 Ma. Major rock types are quartz syenite and, to a lesser extent, syenite porphyry and alkali feldspar granite. Rock-forming minerals are dominantly potash feldspar (more than 50%) and lesser amounts of plagioclase and quartz. Mafic minerals, mostly Mg-biotite with lesser amounts of amphibole and pyroxene, are rare. Occasionally, alkalic mafic minerals (aegirine, riebeckite) are found. Characteristic accessary minerals of the earlier intrusives are magnetite, sphene and apatite and those of the later intrusives are ilmenite and zircon. Typologic distribution and evolutionary trend of zircon population are very similar to those of granites of mantle origin as suggested by Pupin, J. P. Petrochemically, the rock belt is poor in Ca but rich in alkali and Al with Na₂O+K₂O > 10%. It belongs to the K-Na transitional series, with a high alkalinity ratio (A. R. = 3–7) and a K /Na (atom) ratio close to unity. Rocks in the belt are rich in REE which tends to decrease from the early to the late stage, belonging to LREE type. The initial Sr ratio is 0.7078–0.7064. The rock belt is the Mesozoic anorogenic product of alkalic magmatic activity from a deep-seated source. According to a mantle-crust mixing model for Sr and Pb isotopes, it is estimated that 60.2–53.8% of the materials has been derived from the mantle. Additionally, its rich alkali, poor water content and anorogenic characteristics suggest that the belt is similar to the A-type granites.     

水泉沟杂岩体的地质学和岩石学研究

水泉沟岩体为岩浆成因,岩体的侵位深度2~3km,侵位时代为印支期,划分为4种岩石组合.水泉沟岩体是一个钾质-高钾质的钙碱性、弱碱性和碱性岩石共存的杂岩体.岩石化学成分变异图解证明岩浆存在两种演化趋势,一是酸性演化趋势:辉石闪长岩→角闪二长岩(包括二长岩)→石英碱长正长岩→碱长花岗岩;二是碱性演化趋势:正长岩→霓辉正长岩→碱长正长岩.同时也探讨了这两种演化趋势的内在机理.     

Geochemistry and Tectonic Significance of Alkali Granites along the Ulungur River,Xinjiang

In North Xinjiang there is an alkali granite belt extending in the NW-SE direction along the southern band of the Ulungur River and running parallel to the suture zone,i.e.,Aermantai-Zhaheba Ophiolitic Melange Zone ,between the Junggar Plate and the Altay Orogenic Belt.Whole -rock Rb-Sr isochron ages of the Ulungur alkali granites are within the range of 292-309Ma, showing that they were genetically connected with the latest episode of Hercynian magmatism subsequent to the syncollision S-type and post-collision uplifting I-type granitoids in the Altay region .The alkali granites are miner-alogically characterized by the occurrence of aegirine and arfvedsonite and chemically by high silicon and alkali,low calcium and magnesium and abundant high-field elements, being typical A-type granites .The alkali granites were formed in the final stage of the Hercynian calc-alkaline magmatic cycle in a very short period of time .They are in line with the post-orogenic A-type(PA-type)granites, implying that the tectonic regime was changed from compression to extension.     

Geochemistry of the uranium-thurium-bearing granitic rocks and pegmatites of wadi haleifiya area, southeastern Sinai, Egypt

There are two main granitic rocks cropping out in the study area:1) the syn-orogenic granites are moderately weathered,jointed,exfoliated and characterized by low relief.These rocks are subdivided into tonalite and granodiorite.They are essentially composed of plagioclase,quartz,biotite,hornblende and potash feldspar;and 2) the post-orogenic granites,characterized by high relief terrain and represented by monzogranite,syenogranite and alkali granite.The monzogranites suffered hydrothermal alteration in particular along joints,faults,shear zones and fractures,which recorded the highest values of radioactivity,reflecting the role of post-magmatic alteration processes in the enhancement of radioactivity.The hydrothermal alteration(desilicification and hematitization) resulted in the formation of mineralized(altered) granites.The altered granites are enriched in TiO 2,Al 2 O 3,FeO T,MnO,MgO,Na 2 O,Rb,Sr,Y,Zr,Zn,Ga and Co and depleted in SiO 2,CaO,P 2 O 5,Nb,Pb,Cu,Ni and Cr relative to the fresh monzogranite.The investigated granites contain basic xenoliths as well as pockets of pegmatites.Perthites,quartz,plagioclase and sometimes biotite,represent the essential constituents.Some accessory minerals like zircon are metamicted reflecting their radiogenic nature.The alkali granites are characterized by the presence of aegirine,rebeckite and arfvedsonite.Both syn-and post-orogenic granites show some variations in their bulk chemical compositions.The older granitoids are metaluminous and exhibit characteristics of I-type granites and possess an arc tectonic environment.On the other hand,the younger granites are peraluminous and exhibit the characteristics of post-collisional granites.It is interpreted that radioactivity of the studied rocks is mainly controlled by both magmatic and post-magmatic activities.Frequently,the post-orogenic granites host zoned and unzoned pegmatite pockets.Some of these pockets anomalously attain high radioactivity.The syenogranites and the pegmatites are characterized by high contents of SiO 2 and K 2 O and low CaO and MgO.They have transitional characters from highly fractionated calc-alkaline to alkaline.The alkali granites related to A2-subtype of A-type granites.The post-orogenic granites were originated from magma of dominant crustal source materials and related to post-collisional setting under extensional environment.