塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层流体包裹体研究

本文在充分收集整理前人研究资料和成果的基础上,以流体包裹体技术方法为主要研究手段,展开对塔河油田流体包裹体研究,结果表明:所研究储层流体包裹体主要分为H2O包裹体、有机质包裹体、有机质-H2O包裹体3类;塔河油田奥陶系储层经历过5期热流体活动;得出3个盐度值;流体密度变化范围从0.90～1.15g/cm3;系统阐述了塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩流体包裹体在成岩环境、高温热水作用、低温多旋回、油气成熟度及油气充注等多方面的应用。     

准噶尔盆地北三台地区侏罗系储层流体包裹体研究

北三台地区侏罗系储层经历了多次构造运动的改造.对研究区11口井101块流体包裹体样品的系统分析结果表明,该区侏罗系储层具有多期次的油气充注特征.流体包裹体的均一温度和油包裹体的荧光颜色(强度)等测试结果表明,研究区侏罗系储层经历过4期热流体活动,捕获了3期油包裹体和1期天然气包裹体,分别对应地质历史时期3次油充注和1次天然气充注过程.3期油包裹体的均一温度分别为40～65,65～80,80～120℃.油包裹体和盐水包裹体均一温度以及盐水包裹体盐度的统计结果表明,第2期和第3期热流体活动占主导地位.结合埋藏史分析可知,油充注发生于燕山期,天然气成藏发生在喜山早期.研究区现今油气与古油气无论在油气组分还是在成熟度方面都存在明显的差异,这种差异性与油气早期成藏后期遭受改造破坏有关.综合研究区烃源岩的生、排烃史,侏罗系储层埋藏史以及构造活动演化史的分析可知,燕山晚期是北三台地区侏罗系储层的主成藏期,燕山晚期充注的油气是现今油气的主要来源.     

川东北飞仙关组包裹体特征及其在天然气成藏研究中的应用

在系统检测四川盆地东北部下三叠统飞仙关组碳酸盐岩储层中流体包裹体的类型、均一温度、冰点、盐度及单个包裹体成分的基础上,探讨了该区飞仙关组鲕滩气藏天然气的充注时期和运移方向。研究表明,在四川盆地东北部飞仙关组碳酸盐岩储层中,流体包裹体的类型有沥青包裹体、气液包裹体、气相包裹体和液相包裹体,其中沥青包裹体相对含量最多,普遍达50%~60%,其次是气液两相包裹体(一般占20%~30%);均一温度从55~220℃均有分布,表现出连续充注的特点;包裹体气相成分主要以烃类气体为主,其中CH4含量为0.04%~91.3%,非烃组分以CO2为主,占0.11%~65.49%;油气的充注时期主要在侏罗纪,油气总体上有从研究区西南部向北东方向运移的趋势,但在不同时期、不同构造带上略有差异。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中部奥陶系方解石脉中包裹体流体势研究

结合前人研究成果，归纳出了一种利用盐水包裹体均一温度与盐度确定流体势的方法，并对鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田奥陶系方解石脉中包裹体进行了流体势计算，推算出了古流体运移方向。     

塔中奥陶系碳酸盐岩流体包裹体特征及其对成岩作用和深部流体作用的指示意义

塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩经历了多期构造运动,具有复杂的埋藏史和地热史,且受深部流体作用改造,成岩作用比较复杂。本文通过对塔中地区6El井奥陶系碳酸盐岩样品开展详细的显微镜岩矿鉴定、流体包裹体岩相学研究及包裹体均一温度和盐度的测定,结合塔中地区构造、地层埋藏史及热演化史等资料,对塔中地区奥陶系成岩作用及深部流体作用进行了探讨。塔中地区奥陶系包裹体大致可以分为4期：第1期包裹体形成于晚加里东一早海西期早成岩期的同生一准同生或表生暴露阶段,温度接近地表温度,包裹体均一温度〈60℃;第2期形成于晚海西期浅埋藏阶段,包裹体均一温度为90～105℃;第3期包裹体形成于波动埋藏一深埋藏阶段,包裹体均一温度变化范围较大,为120～186oC;第4期包裹体均一温度较高,多分布在192～235℃之间,这期高温流体包裹体的形成应该与岩浆．火山或深部热流体作用有关。另外,包裹体的盐度随均一温度升高而发生变化,这可能反映了塔中地区奥陶系在后期受深部热流体影响。     

合肥盆地石炭系——二叠系储层流体包裹体特征与油气运移研究

合肥盆地石炭系—二叠系具有油气勘探潜力,但研究薄弱。根据盆地中部安参1井石炭系—二叠系储层中流体包裹体的岩相学分析及显微测温,主要讨论了油气运移特征。结果表明,储层石英微裂隙及次生加大边中与油气包裹体伴生的盐水包裹体均一温度主要在145.2~150.2℃,155.6~160℃及169.9~177.9℃等三个温度区间。结合储层埋藏史-热史,发现储层主要经历了3期流体充注,时间在162.1~157.2 Ma之间(晚侏罗世)。通过包裹体冰点的测定,得到每一期流体的盐度特征,结合构造演化、烃源岩发育背景,推测油气主要是在石炭系—二叠系地层内部运移,同时也可能有新元古界、下古生界等深部的热液通过深大断裂运移到石炭系—二叠系,参与了油气的运聚,这在研究区今后的油气成藏研究中需要注意。     

塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞储层油气成藏动力学与油田水体类型

塔河油田是大型的碳酸盐岩不整合—古岩溶缝洞型奥陶系油气藏。由塔河油田主体往南,油气驱替程度逐渐降低,缝洞系统中含水量逐渐增加。油水界面分布总体上由潜山顶部向周围斜坡波动中降低。塔河油田的区域构造背景、储层缝洞系统以及成藏动力学过程导致了流体分布的非均质性。根据储层孔隙结构特征、油气驱替过程、开发过程中产出水的化学—动力学响应,塔河奥陶系缝洞油藏的水体类型可以区分出三种:洞穴底部油气驱替残留水、洞穴周缘小缝洞系统驱替残留水、储层下部层间水。不同水体类型的出水时间、水体能量、含水率、水化学性质等会呈现出不同的变化规律。     

运用方解石中流体包裹体最小均一温度确定塔河油田奥陶系油气成藏时间:来自激光原位方解石U-Pb年龄的证据

碳酸盐矿物中的同期烃类包裹体共生盐水包裹体均一温度变化范围较大,导致采用流体包裹体均一温度结合储层埋藏史和热演化史确定的油气成藏时间具有多解性.以塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气藏为例,基于方解石脉体中发育的流体包裹体岩相学、荧光分析和显微测温,结合激光原位方解石U-Pb定年结果,提出利用同期烃类包裹体共生盐水包裹体最小均一温度确定油气成藏时间,并确定塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层油气充注期次和时间.塔河油田奥陶系储层共存在4期油充注,第1期至第3期油充注时间分别与3期方解石脉体形成时间一致,第4期油充注发生于3期方解石脉形成之后.对发育原生烃类包裹体的方解石脉进行激光原位U-Pb同位素绝对定年,结果指示采用同期油包裹体共生盐水包裹体最小均一温度确定的油气充注时间与方解石脉形成时间一致,说明采用同期盐水包裹体最小均一温度确定的油气充注时间更可靠.运用同期油包裹体共生盐水包裹体最小均一温度得到,塔河地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气藏4期油气充注时间分别对应加里东、海西、印支和燕山构造运动时期.      

塔里木盆地克拉2气田储层流体包裹体与油气成藏研究

储层流体包裹体研究是认识油气运移、油气成藏的有效方法之一.通过对塔里木盆地克拉2气田克拉201井储层流体包裹体的系统取样研究,得到储层流体包裹体的四组均一温度:75～105℃,120～135℃,155～175℃,200～250℃.其中前三组与油气成藏有关,第四组及更高的温度可能与地下的热液活动有关.结合沉积埋藏史和热史的恢复,认为克拉2气田的成藏时间为11～2.5 Ma之间,即康村组至库车组沉积初期开始,到库车组遭受抬升剥蚀时停止.推测来自地下的高温热液可能对气藏起过重要的改造作用.     

渤海湾盆地文安斜坡高温热流体活动与油气藏形成

为了研究渤海湾盆地上古生界(C-P)煤系地层油气藏形成和分布的规律，本文通过流体包裹体均一温度、盐度、成份的分析和有机质热演化、粘土矿物转化的研究，对渤海湾盆地文安斜坡苏桥凝析油气田高温热流体的活动和戍藏机理进行了探讨。文安斜坡的流体包裹体分为两期，第一期流体包裹体的盐度为2．2～3．85wt％NaCl，均一温度在91～157℃之间、代表了正常地温梯度和埋藏条件下的古地温；第二期流体包裹体的盐度为4．3～6、85wt％NaCl，均一温度在141～312℃之间．是地下高温热流体活动的结果。高温热流体是由第三纪时期辉绿岩侵入上古生界，引起地层水热对流形成的。高温热流体沿断层、不整合和储层构成的输导系统活动时，加速了粘土矿物的转化，提高了有机质的成熟度，扩大了生油窗的范围。而有机质在生烃过程中释放出的短链羧酸，溶蚀储层中的铝硅酸盐和碳酸盐矿物，形成次生孔隙。统计表明、文安斜坡石炭-二叠系镜质组反射率R。％与第二期流体包裹体的均一温度戍正相关关系，R。％异常高值带对应着储层的异常高孔隙发育带。热流体的活动有利于油气的生成、储层次生孔隙的产生、富烃热流体的运移。并使其在第三纪二次生烃和成藏．热流体活动的地区就是油气聚集的有利地区。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an