镍箔恒温自沉积总α、总β计数法同时或连续测定样品中210Pb、210Bi、210Po

研究了210Bi、210Po同时恒温自沉积于镍箔的最佳制源环境,建立了岩石、土壤以及水体样品中210 Pb、210 Bi、210 Po同时或连续测定的方法——镍箔恒温自沉积总α、总β计数法。试验发现,当镍镀片面积为3.14cm2,盐酸浓度为1.0mol/L,溶液体积为25mL,恒温90℃,振荡频率180次/min,振幅20mm,制源60min,210Bi和210Po可同步定量自沉积。210 Po加入量与总α净计数率相关系数为0.9998,210Bi加入量与总β净计数率相关系数为0.9997。放置衰变法可以消除Bi和Po其它短寿命放射性同位素对测量产生的影响,盐酸肼及酒石酸存在时大量共存离子不干扰测定。方法的精密度优于5%,全程加标回收率在99.5%～100.5%。     

岩石土壤及沉积物样品中210Pb-210Bi-210Po的快速联合测定

铀系核素210Pb一210Bi-210Po目前通常采用相对独立的分析技术,三核素分别进行测定,并存在一些技术问题需要解决.文献报道的三核素联测技术需要使用多种昂贵的测试设备和示踪剂,或者制源体系抗干扰能力较弱且分析周期较长.本文研究了210Bi、210Po同时且定量恒温自沉积于铜箔的最佳制源条件,建立了双样-两次铜箔恒温自沉积制源-总α、总β同时计数法快速联合测定岩石、土壤及沉积物样品中210Pb-210Bi-210Po的分析技术.结果表明,当铜镀片面积为3.14 cm2,盐酸浓度为0.5 mol/L,氯化钠浓度为3.5 mol/L,溶液体积为20 mL,恒温90℃,振速为120 r/min,振幅20 mm,制源70 min,210Bi和210Po可同步定量自沉积且210Pb不沉积.在抗坏血酸存在下,大量共存元素不干扰自沉积.方法的精密度优于5％,全程加标放化回收率在99.5％～100.5％之间.该联测技术采用的制源体系抗稳定铋干扰能力较强,回收稳定,分析周期短,仅需一台国产测试设备并无需示踪剂即可完成三核素联合测定,同时也适合于三核素的独立测定.     

一种用于铀同位素比值α能谱分析的磷化膜制源新技术

研发了一种用于铀同位素比值α能谱分析的磷化膜制源新技术。试验发现,当镍镀片面积为3.14cm2,盐酸浓度为0.5mol/L,氯化钠浓度为2.5mol/L,磷酸二氢钾浓度为0.08mol/L,抗坏血酸浓度为20g/L,溶液体积为25 mL,恒温90℃,振荡速率为160次/min,振程20 mm时,磷化膜制源70min,200μg以下的铀可在镍箔上定量转化为磷化膜。与传统的电沉积制源技术相比较,应用磷化膜制源技术进行测量源制备时无需电沉积装置,制源过程简单快速,工效高,大量共存的232 Th、230 Th、226 Ra、231Pa等核素均不产生干扰,铀的全程回收率接近100%,α能谱峰分辨率较好。     

控温自镀法制源快速、准确测定化探样中~(210)Po

本题详细研究了铜片镀~(210)Po时溶液酸度、温度、体积以及振荡时间对镀~(210)Po率的关系;观察了样品粒度、取样量和样中有机物对~(210)Po浸出率的影响。拟定了酸浸-自镀流程和全溶-自镀流程。用前一流程对取自四个剖面的样品进行平行分析的结果表明,f=0.973～102.9;按“钋法找矿暂行规程”计算相对误差,平行分析一次合格率大于90％。     

环境水中^210Po的测量

水样用盐酸酸化后,用Fe(OH)_3沉淀富集~(210)Po,在0.2—0.5mol/L盐酸介质中70℃时在铜或银片上自镀3h,在低水下α测量仪上测量。全程回收率>95％,对<5×10~(-4)Bq/L的自来水,相对均方差<±20％。     

用次灵敏线火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定含铜物料中高含量铜

应用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定滑石中痕量砷和汞,并对样品的浸取方法及共存元素和实验奈件进行了研究。结果表明,用浓盐酸浸取样品,砷、汞溶出量最大;加入硫脲-抗坏血酸溶液后,滑石中共存元素铝、铁、钙、铜、铅、镉不干扰砷、汞的测定。方法的检出限为砷0.047 mg/L,汞3.9 ng/L;回收率为砷107.5%～109.2%,汞103.3%～130.0%;精密度(RSD,n=11)为砷0.6%,汞0.7%。建立的氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱同时测定滑石中砷、汞含量的分析方法能满足日常检验的要求。     

一次溶矿多仪器联合测定铀矿地质样品中目标元素、伴生元素和主微量元素

为实现铀矿地质样品中的目标元素、伴生元素和主微量元素的一次溶矿、多仪器联合测定,样品采用逆王水预消解、四酸常压消解溶矿、低温蒸干和逆王水提取;消解得到的试样原液经ICP-OES测定主量元素,原液稀释后经ICP-MS测定目标元素（U、Th）、伴生元素（Mo、V、Ga、Ge、Re）和微量元素,原液经酸化和加入铁盐溶液后经AFS测定伴生元素Se;通过优化各仪器的测定条件和采取恰当的干扰消除方法,各元素得到准确测定。经试验测定,各元素的线性相关系数大于0.999,主量元素检出限为0.001%～0.03%,其他元素检出限为0.005～0.6μg/g;经国家标准物质验证,各元素的相对误差为-11.3%～12.1%,相对标准偏差（n=12）为2.1%～7.0%。文章中的研究方法实现了一次溶矿、多仪器联合测定的目的,测试结果满足地质矿产实验室测试质量规范的要求。     

土壤样品中痕量价态金石墨炉原子吸收光谱法的测定及分离方法实验研究

在前人研究泡塑吸附金分离的基础上,用聚氨酯泡沫塑料吸附,利用石墨炉原子吸收法测定了痕量价态金的含量,探讨了溶矿介质、解脱时间、吸附温度、Fe~(3+)加入量等对测定结果的影响,确定了最佳测定条件,详细讨论了Fe~(3+)在溶矿和吸附过程中的作用,并将该方法用于土壤中痕量价态金的测定。方法检出限为0. 01 ng/g,测定范围为0. 03～300 ng/g,价态金回收率分别是Au~(3+)97. 3%、Au~+95. 8%、Au098. 9%,价态金分离精密度(RSD,n=12)为7. 3%～18. 8%。用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定价态金,不但有效地抑制了共存元素的干扰,而且能降低检出限,提高灵敏度和准确度,自动化进样减少了劳动强度,提高了分析测试效率,适合大批量样品的测试。     

封闭压力酸溶-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定电气石中29种元素

电气石是一种含硼的铝硅酸盐矿物,是重要的非金属矿产资源和成岩成矿作用的灵敏示踪剂,因类质同象置换普遍使其组成成分多变,主量元素为Si、B、Al、Fe和Mg,微量元素有稀土元素、Cu、Pb、Zn、Sn、Ag和Sr等。电气石的化学性质非常稳定,不能被一般的酸或碱完全溶解,本文采用硝酸-氢氟酸封闭压力溶矿,50%王水封闭压力复溶进行样品前处理,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定电气石中稀有轻金属、重金属、放射性金属、稀土元素等29种元素的分析方法。方法检出限为0.003~0.4μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=12)为0.9%~9.2%;国家标准物质的测定值与标准值基本相符,各元素的加标回收率为95%~105%。本方法解决了电气石样品难分解、复溶时易出现氢氧化铝微细残渣的问题,样品试液中B、Al、Fe等主要共存离子的干扰小,各待测元素测定结果准确、可靠。     

混合碱熔融-离子选择电极法测定铝灰中的总氟

为了能够准确测定铝灰中的总氟含量,对离子选择电极法测定总氟的前处理熔剂类型、称样量、熔融温度、熔融时间以及共存元素干扰进行了实验研究。确定了最佳混合熔剂比例为3g氢氧化钠∶1g过氧化钠,称样量为0.1g,熔融温度为650℃,熔融时间为15min。干扰试验表明:Cl-的质量浓度小于60mg/L时,对氟的测定不产生干扰;通过移取5mL浸出液,再加入15mL总离子强度缓冲溶液可消除质量浓度小于60mg/L的Al3+、质量浓度均小于15mg/L的Mg2+和Zn2+干扰。实验结果表明:标准曲线线性相关系数为0.9998,方法检出限为13.9mg/kg,相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.95%～1.69%之间,加标回收率在95.2%～101.7%之间。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of