长周期波浪激发矩形港池多模态共振研究

长和宽接近的矩形港池存在横向、纵向及横纵向混合共振模态。采用基于混合有限元的椭圆型缓坡方程数值模型模拟不同波浪入射角的低频波浪激发矩形港池的多模态共振,并分析不同平面布置形式的矩形港池模态响应特性。结果表明,斜向波浪会激发港池的横向共振模态,其放大因子受入射角度影响较大,而纵向共振模态的放大因子受入射角度影响较小。口门宽度对港池的共振模态个数与放大因子均有影响,具体为:随着口门宽度增加,各阶模态放大因子减小。口门位置对纯横向以及纯纵向共振的振荡模式有显著影响,而对横向纵向混合模态影响较小。各阶模态放大因子的大小和波节线与波腹线与口门的相对位置密切相关。     

曹妃甸粉沙质海岸围垦后港内泥沙研究

粉沙质海岸离岸围垦后港内淤积引人关注。基于平面二维潮流数学模型,采用网格嵌套技术,模拟了渤海、曹妃甸海域潮流场;该海域泥沙为粘性沙,且围垦后港内流速很小,采用悬沙运动数学模型模拟了潮流和波浪作用下正常天气和大风天的含沙量场,分析了大风后含沙量衰减过程,计算了正常天气年淤积强度和大风天泥沙淤积厚度。计算表明,外海泥沙主要通过甸头东侧老龙沟进入港池水域。正常天气下,港内流速小,基本处于淤积环境,但由于外海含沙量小,港池水域年淤积厚度小于10 cm。大风浪作用下,曹妃甸海域含沙量明显增大,由老龙沟进入三港池的泥沙沿程落淤,港内普遍淤积,泥沙淤积厚度在5 cm以内。     

涌浪作用下港内波况试验研究

基于秘鲁钱凯港的防波堤三维整体模型试验结果,研究了涌浪绕射、透射联合作用对港内波况的影响.分析了不同波向、不同谱峰周期的入射波条件下港内不同功能区的波况分布规律,并对比分析了具有不同周期的入射波对港内不同区域波高的影响,兼顾分析了波向的影响.结果表明,在涌浪作用下,受透射、绕射影响,不同入射波条件下港内比波高分布规律相...     

人工岛游艇码头泊稳试验与数值模拟研究

针对青岛万达游艇码头项目进行了港域波浪物理模型试验研究。试验表明,当口门处人工岛护岸采用直立式结构时,港池入口处波浪反射严重,港内波高较大,各码头泊位不满足泊稳要求;当采用斜坡式结构时,港内波高显著减小,游艇码头泊位满足泊稳要求,工作船泊位不满足泊稳要求,其最大波高比允许值仅大0.1m。采用MIKE21BW模型,考虑波浪的折射、绕射、反射及破碎等物理过程,对港域的波浪传播变形过程进行数值模拟,计算得到了港域的波浪分布状况,将计算结果与试验结果进行比较,吻合良好,表明该模型可用于近岸波浪的传播变形模拟及港域泊稳计算,计算结果可用于游艇码头结构设计。     

基于Boussinesq波浪模型的港池波浪数值模拟与泊稳分析

基于Boussinesq方程的MIKE21-BW模型,建立等水深、双突堤式的波浪数值港池,采用不同的波浪入射方向和双突堤口门宽度,分别对波浪经双突堤后的绕射情况进行模拟。根据《港口与航道水文规范》中的计算参数和突堤绕射系数结果,对BW模型进行率定和验证,结果表明二者吻合度较好,可以较好地描述港池的泊稳状况。在此基础上,利用MIKE21-BW模型对秦皇岛某港口防波堤工程的不同布局方案进行模拟计算和泊位稳定性分析,提出了工程设计方案建议。     

河口拦门沙航道整治方案及效果研究

在分析射阳港拦门沙航道一期整治工程建设后航道回淤特征的基础上,通过潮流泥沙数学模型分析研究了二期不同整治方案建设后的水流、含沙量及淤积分布特征,论证了不同方案的整治效果。研究表明:现状条件下由于导堤为潜堤,受越堤水流、口门回流等影响,一期工程建设后航道沿程普遍淤积。在一期导堤的基础上将导堤加高后有利于减小口门段航道淤积;将导堤延长后,淤积最严重的部位年淤强度有所减小,但在新的口门附近航道淤积仍然较严重;将口门宽度缩窄后,口门附近的淤积强度有所减小,但幅度有限;在航道内增加丁坝后,口门段泥沙淤积强度有所减小,但对改善中段航道淤积有限。     

直立式防波堤口门区海啸局部冲刷规律实验研究

海啸作为世界上最严重的自然灾害之一,其巨大的破坏力使得近海建筑物遭受了严重的损害。基于波浪水槽实验,开展海啸波作用下不同口门距离的防波堤局部冲刷机理实验研究。实验结果表明,在海啸波越顶水流产生的水跌以及海啸波通过防波堤口门时产生的扰流共同作用下,口门中心线处产生明显的局部冲刷坑,随着口门距离的增加,防波堤局部冲刷先加剧后减弱。建立防波堤局部最大冲刷深度与海啸波波高、防波堤宽度及出水高度、口门间距的关系式,揭示了最大局部冲刷深度与海啸波波高、防波堤尺寸、口门距离的内在关系。     

气压扰动时空特征参数对港湾共振的影响

为研究运动大气扰动的时空特征要素对港湾共振的影响,本文以简化的气压扰动和海岸港湾物理模型为对象,探究气压扰动在不同运动方向、登陆点位置和作用时长情境下的港内波动分布规律。研究结果表明:气压扰动在接近沿岸运动时港内水体响应最剧烈;随着运动方向与海岸线夹角绝对值增大,波动总体呈减弱趋势;气压扰动向岸运动比离岸运动更能够引起更加显著的波动;当气压扰动登陆先于掠过港湾时刻,更易在港湾内产生更强烈的波动;中长历时气压扰动引起的港内波动比短历时气压扰动更具有威胁性。研究结论可以为港湾共振预警系统建立提供理论依据。     

S工程回淤预报与分析

S工程位于我国某大港的东侧,是在淤泥质浅滩上开辟的一个港口,拟建中的港口工程分一、二两期,第一期有回填、护岸、防波堤和滑道;第二期有接长防波堤、建造浮码头和开挖港池航道等(见图1)。本文的研究内容是:在建成护岸、防波堤工程后,在不开挖港池的情况下,港内自然回淤情况,包括港内不同部位随时间变化的淤积状况以及港池挖至-5米时回淤情况。根据以上研究内容,组织了港区潮流的观测,结合过去对这一地区波浪、泥沙运动的研究成果和淤泥质海岸的保滩促淤工程的研究成果,开展了上述任务的研究。     

淹没矩形防波堤透反射系数特性研究

采用解析方法研究了斜向入射波作用下淹没矩形防波堤的透反射系数特性.首先利用特征函数展开法导出了绕射势函数的分析解和透反射系数的计算公式,然后利用边界元方法验证了解析解,在此基础上利用解析解分析了若干工况下的防波堤透反射特性.计算结果表明,淹没矩形防波堤截面的宽度、高度和相对位置以及入射角的改变都不同程度影响反射系数和透射系数.在中等深度条件下,对于一定频率的波浪,位置和尺寸适当的淹没矩形堤可以反射大部分斜向入射波.研究结果对设计淹没的矩形防波堤具有重要的参考价值.     

Transient response of harbours to long waves under resonance conditions

This paper presents the results of a study aimed at quantifying the time–response of harbour basins to long waves under resonance conditions. On the basis of numerical simulations reproducing long waves in the yacht harbour of Rome (Ostia, Italy), it shows that the results valid for periodic forcing waves, acting for an infinitely long time, as those provided by models based on elliptic equations like the Helmoltz and the mild-slope equations, can be misleading with respect to the more realistic ones that can be obtained using time-varying wave equations. Taking advantage of the similarity between the processes studied here and a simple one-dimensional resonator, a method is also proposed to roughly estimate a time–response parameter of each mode of the harbour, using results from steady-state numerical model results, commonly applied for studying harbour resonance in engineering practice. On the basis of further numerical simulations, aimed at reproducing schematic harbour layouts, the effect on resonance of the position of the entrance and of an outer harbour is studied. The results indicate that the effects of design solutions to reduce resonance, by placing the entrance at the middle of the harbour, or using the outer harbour as a resonator, can be correctly evaluated only when considering the time needed for the oscillations to fully develop.     

Experimental Study on the Effects of A Breakwater on Wave Field Characteristics

Studies on the possible effects of a detached breakwater on the characteristics of the wavefield are carried out experimentally.A serpentine wave generator is used to generate both uni- andmulti-directional waves.Characteristics of the wave fields analyzed here include the wave fielddirectionality,and the probability distributions of surface elevations and of the wave heights.Owing to thepresence of the breakwater,waves outside the harbour are found to be reflected with,however,concen-trated energy within the harbour entrance.In general,wave heights can be approximated with a Rayleighdistribution,with occasional deviations from the theory.This occurs more frequently for waves with high-er peak frequency values than for those with lower values both for uni-and multi-directional waves.Sur-face elevations can be approximated with the Gaussian model.although the Edgeworth's form of the typeA Gram-Charlier series expansions would yield better fits.Wave directionality is found to have nodiscernible effects on     

A study of resonant oscillations in the Split harbour (Adriatic Sea)

The study examines the occurrence of Proudman resonance in front of the Split harbour (Adriatic Sea). The dataset comprises air and sea pressure (sea level) data collected at the harbour entrance during August to October 2000 and is characterized by rather strong synoptic disturbances that took place over the harbour. The analyses encompass empirical tools, such as time-series analysis, high- and band-pass filtering, spectral and wavelet analyses, while the theoretical approach includes the conceptual model of the resonance. Resonance appears in front of the harbour and then propagates inward, covering periods between 7.7 and 28.5 min as a result of complex atmospheric gravity wave structure. Gain between sea level and air pressure equals 0.05–0.40 dbar/hPa (5–40 cm/hPa).     

Calculation of Wave Pressure and Pressure Spectrum for Perforate-Pipe Breakwater

Standing waves are formed due to the reflection when waves meet vertical wall,thereforestrong structures are needed to keep the wall stability under the serious wave attack.For the improvementof the working condition and increase of the stability of the wall,the lower reflecting breakwaters have at-tracted close attention Reports mostly from Japanese researchers are often concerned with the wall ofcaisson equipped with open windows.In this paper a kind of hollow-pipe perforated breakwater is exam-ined which waves may partially perforate into the harbour basin.The wave in front of the wall can onlyform partial standing wave and wave force is reduced obviously.And the theoretical calculation of waveforce and analysis of wave force spectrum are all derived.Comparison between the results from theoreticalcalculation and hydraulic modeling shows reasonable agreement.     

Water levels in a dual-basin harbour in response to infragravity and edge waves

Seiche modes in a compound harbour (an “Outer Harbour” connected both to the sea and to an “Inner Harbour”) were studied using water level data and a numerical model. A variety of harbour oscillations are present, with periods up to 67 min. Periods longer than 25 min exceed resonant modes of the harbour. This paper addresses the characteristics and causes of the open-basin modes. The dual harbour open-basin mode is modified by constriction at the connection between harbours, by partial reflection at the antinode, and by the geometry of the entrance. The single-harbour open-basin mode excites the dual harbour closed-basin mode, which has nearly the same period. This forcing moves the closed-basin antinode and slightly changes the modal period, but the coupling permits the amplitude to increase through the closed-basin resonance. The water level response to wind stress is weak, but significant residual currents can occur, which take the form of clockwise gyres in each basin. Energetic peaks in the water level spectrum at 26, 35, and 67 min are shown to correspond to possible edge waves on the local shelf. The work has practical implications to port design, e.g. towards minimisation of ship ranging while at anchor.     

Sedimentary processes operating around the entrance to a river mouth port,Westport, New Zealand

The paper presents investigations of wave climate, tidal inlet hydraulics, and sand sediment bypassing at the entrance to Westport Harbour, South Island, New Zealand. The results complement and extend those of studies of bar morphologies and sediment characteristics already published. Longshore transport of about 1 × 10⁶ m³/year is directed in a net eastward fashion across the inlet because of an in‐built misalignment of the harbour training walls. Approximately 90% of the drift is bypassed, and has been since 1921, by deflection and splitting of the main sediment streams through the inner and outer bars and a transverse channel aoross the entrance. The outer bar appears to be the submarine, downdrift extension of Carters Breach and river load appears to contribute an order of magnitude less sediment to the complex than annual littoral drift. River sediments and littoral drift are mixed off the harbour and a declining proportion over time is recirculated to cause progradation of North Beach. The tidal compartment contributes little to scour of the entrance because of the predominance of bar bypassing. Contrary to the recommendations of several past studies, it is argued that improvements in navigation depths at West‐port are more likely to be obtained through modification of the littoral drift system than they are from tidal compartment enlargement.     

Net Sand Transport Direction in a Tidal Inlet, using Foraminiferal Tests as Natural Tracers

The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance.     

中咀湾避风港工程波浪分析及其应用

中咀湾是一个天然的避风良港,一般情况下外海波浪影响很小,主要受局部风场产生的局部风浪影响。本文采用曹宏生在Massel的扩展缓坡方程基础上推导出来的考虑陡变地形和能量耗散效应的缓坡方程为控制方程,结合固边界的反射边界条件,构成波浪传播变形的联合折射、绕射和反射的数学模型。文中将此方法运用在中国台州市大陈岛中咀湾避风港中,用波浪数学模型计算极端高水位和设计高水位时3种波况分别在3组重现期时工程海域的波浪要素,提供防波堤的堤前波高,并分析比较此处实心式和透空式防波堤的防浪性能。     

港口内靠码头系泊船运动的计算

本文以英国南海岸处Ｓｈｏｒｅｈａｍ港内系泊船为例，研究了港口内靠码头系泊船运动的数值计算问题。该船的实船实验和模型实验已经完成，为验证本文计算结果提供了依据。运动方程在时域内求解。在计算船体脉冲响应函数时，引入了船体阻尼系数在频率很低时的渐近表达式和一迭代算法。分析了港内共振波浪和其对船体的作用力。讨论了靠码头系泊船运动的非线性特征。计算结果与实验结果符合很好。     

港域波浪数学模型的改进与验证

通过物理模型对改进的港内波浪传播变形数学模型进行验证。该数学模型以推广的时变缓坡方程为控制方程,采用含松弛因子的ADI法求解,并对波浪反射和透射边界模拟方法进行改进。先通过物理模型试验确定斜向浪入射条件下抛石防波堤前的波浪反射系数,作为数学模型中部分反射边界模拟的依据。然后进行了一个典型港口内波浪折射、绕射和反射的模型试验,测量港内波浪分布。对比模型试验和数学模型计算的结果表明,数学模型可较好地模拟港内复杂地形和边界条件下规则波和不规则波的传播变形。