偶氮氯磷-mN-二苯胍-溴化十六烷基吡啶胶束增溶分光光度法测定岩矿中微量铈组稀土

随着稀土矿石分析工作的需要,对铈组稀土的分析测试要求越来越高,不仅要求灵敏度要高,而且选择性要好。 长碳链季胺盐表面活性剂在胶束增溶光度法中的增色作用,为使此显色剂在测定组份较复杂的矿石中铈组稀土的灵敏度和选择     

偶氮胂-DBS光度法测定黑钨矿中稀土总量

偶氮胂-DBS系不对称双偶氮化合物,它是测定稀土的高灵敏显色剂。测定合金中铈组稀土已有报导。 本文应用该显色剂,在0.18mol/L盐酸、EDTA和抗坏血酸存在下,光度法测定黑钨矿中稀土总量。取得较好效果。 黑钨矿分析试样中,通常含有少量稀土。其成分常以轻稀土镧、铈为主,但也有些矿区试样含有显著重量稀土钇。本法在拟定的显色条件下,它们的吸光度较为一致。体系具有高的灵敏度,镧的摩尔吸光系数为1.33×10~5,比偶氮胂Ⅲ法灵敏度高2—3倍。     

P507萃取色谱分离三溴偶氮胂光度法测定矿石中痕量铈组稀土

本文改进了三溴偶氮胂与铈组稀土的显色反应条件,提高了铈组稀土测定的选择性并采用P_(507)萃淋树脂分离富集稀土元素。所拟定的矿石中痕量铈组稀土的测定方法,操作简便快速,易于掌握,适于矿石中0.000x～0.x％含量的铈组稀土的测定。经标准矿样验证,精密度、准确度均符合要求。     

偶氮溴膦-pSN光度法测定矿石中的铈族稀土元素

新显色剂偶氮溴膦-pSN已应用于稀土总量的光度测定,但对于铈族稀土元素的测定还未见报导。本文研究BPA-pSN光度测定矿石中铈族稀土元素的适宜条件,采用适宜的掩蔽剂掩蔽钇族稀土元素及其它干扰元素,拟定矿石中铈族稀土元素的测定方法。本法灵敏度高,精密度好,准确,易掌握。     

滇东南铝土矿床地球化学特征及成矿物质来源研究

滇东南地区铝土矿资源丰富。本文以滇东南沉积型铝土矿为对象,研究了铝土矿的地球化学特征,进而对其成矿物质来源进行了讨论。含铝岩系之中富含稀土元素、分散元素镓、黑色金属元素钛和稀土金属元素铌,均已达到工业开采要求。含铝岩系的稀土总量总体较高,但样品之间稀土总量差别较大;具中等程度的铕负异常;铈异常较为复杂,具铈正异常和铈负异常;稀土配分曲线均为向右倾斜的弱"V"字型曲线,斜率不等,反映稀土元素分馏程度不等;稀土配分曲线特征与下伏咸宁组灰岩的稀土曲线特征一致,说明含铝岩系与下伏威宁组灰岩关系密切。含铝岩系明显富集大离子亲石元素Li、U、高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th、过渡元素V、Cr、Ti和分散元素Ga,其余元素则明显亏损。野外观察发现含铝岩系直接在风化壳上沉积,含铝岩系具复杂的铈异常和中等的Th/U比值(3~7)、高的Sr/Ba比值(1)以及高钛率值(3.41~44.02)。这些特征说明滇东南铝土矿的成矿物质主要来源于下伏威宁组灰岩风化形成的风化壳,沉积作用起到了对风化壳上成矿物质的改造作用。     

磷矿中稀土总量和铈组稀土含量的测定

本文采用TBA做显色剂,光度法测定磷矿中稀土总量并用Mn-CyDTA做钇组稀土的掩蔽剂测定铈组稀土含量。其结果满意。     

偶氮氯膦mN光度法测定矿石中铈组稀土元素

新试剂偶氮氯膦mN(理化检验16,1980)是在磷酸-草酸-焦磷酸钠体系中,可在钇组稀土存在下,测定铈组稀土。由于这一特点也改善了地质样品中测定铈组稀土元素的条件。为了适应地质样品中的复杂情况,我们做了30个干扰离子的试验,在下列     

直接阴离子交换快速分离矿石中钇组、铈组稀土及钍

采用阴离子(国产717型)交换树脂在甲醇-硝酸存在下进行铈组,钇组稀土元素的分离,其效果远较经典法优越。为了能更快地达到分离目的,我们对洗脱液的组成比例等离子交换分离条件进行了改进试验。结果表明:以70％甲醇-30％3.4M硝酸为交换介质和洗脱液,100毫升便可将1毫克以下的钇组稀土或钇定量洗脱而与铈组稀土(镧、铈、镨、钕)分离。稀土与钍的分离,我们的试验表     

应用HDEHP萃淋树脂萃取色谱分离快速测定矿石中微量铈组和钇组稀土

HDEHP萃淋树脂,其载体是苯乙烯二乙烯苯的共聚合物,固定相是HDEHP[即二-(2-乙基已基)—磷酸]。这种萃淋树脂的主要优点是萃取容量较大、有机固定相不易脱落、洗脱曲线形状良好,但能否用于矿石中稀土元素的分组,尚未见有报导。本实验选用此种萃淋树脂,以不同浓度的盐酸为流动相,进行了铈组、钇组稀土的分离洗脱条件试验。然后分别加大掩蔽剂,直接用光度法测定各组稀土。标准回收试验及矿石分析质量符合地质要求。铈组稀土回收率为98.8-109％,钇组稀土回收率为93.7-102％。     

矿石及合金中铈的快速分析

这是一个测定矿石及合金中铈的新方法。用盐酸—磷酸分解样品,在15％的硫酸—磷酸溶液中,以3％高锰酸钾将铈从三价氧化至四价。加入2g尿素,用0.2％亚硝酸钠溶液还原过剩的高锰酸盐。以一滴0.5％邻菲罗啉-亚铁溶液为指示剂,用标准亚铁溶液滴定。方法准确、快速、选择性好。测定范围CeO_20.5％—100％ 稀土元素在冶金、石油、玻璃、电子、原子能、化学工业等方面均有广泛的用途,还应用于超导材料、农业、医学、轻工和环境保护等诸多方面 铈是稀土族元素的重要的指示元素,其含量常居族首。因此,准确、快速测定它的含量,对地质找矿、综合利用、冶金工艺及生产各类稀土产品意义重大。 在现有的测定稀土矿石及稀土合金中铈的方法里,以滴定法较为准确、简便、快速、经济,工作条件要求不高,应用最为广泛。常用的测铈的滴定法有过硫酸铵法、高氯酸法、硝酸铵法等。其中以高氯酸法最为简便、快速、准确,且易于掌握。该法只将锰氧化到三价,其干扰仅为过硫酸铵法的五分之一,但该法需用高氯酸,它在高温冒烟时不够安全,铬对测定有干扰。因此,有必要寻求更为理想的方法。 用高锰酸钾为氧化剂测钒已广泛应用于矿石及合金中。我们发现铈与钒相似,在磷酸或磷酸—硫酸介质中,即使在室温和无催化剂存在下,铈亦能被高锰酸钾定     

滑坡敏感因子的灰色关联分析

提出了用灰色关联模型对滑坡进行敏感性分析,建立了以滑坡敏感性影响因子为子序列、以其稳定性系数为母序列、以极差变化为数据转化方法、以关联度为评价结果的滑坡敏感因子分析灰色关联模型。本文以三峡库区水田坝下土地岭滑坡工程为例,选取滑带凝聚力c, 内摩擦角φ, 地震加速度及库水位为子序列,以剩余推力法计算的滑坡稳定性系数为母序列,得出了滑带的c,φ值对滑坡稳定性影响最为敏感的结论。     

Tectonics of the crystalline basement and types of magnetic fields of Siberian Platform

The principal types of magnetic fields in the Siberian Platform, such as mosaic-like "high" over shields and massifs, banded maxima-minima over the surrounding linear folds, widespread "lows" over ancient Proterozoic folded zones, and others, with their regional modifications, are taken as expressions of major structural members of the base. The base appears to consist of large homogeneous crustal blocks, undifferentiated and practically unaltered since early Precambrian. It differs from the Russian Platform in this respect, as well as by the character of its magnetic fields, inasmuch as the Russian base has been subjected to an appreciable differentiation, reworking, and evolution. --IGR Staff.     

岩溶塌陷机理定量研究的初步思考

岩溶塌陷作为世界上岩溶地区最为普遍的地质灾害和环境地质问题之一,对人类社会发展、工程建设等方面产生了严重的危害。二十世纪七十年代以来,国内外学者对岩溶塌陷的发育规律、分布特征、致塌原因、成因机理、勘测技术、防治措施、监测预报和数值模拟等方面做了大量的工作,取得了丰富的研究成果,由于岩溶塌陷发生和发展在地表以下而不易察觉和探测,其具有突发性、隐蔽性、多因素性、不确定性和模糊性等特点,目前统一的、系统的、权威的岩溶塌陷的成因机理及定量预测等理论和认识仍在逐步完善中。本文根据岩溶塌陷机理研究现状及发展趋势,从复杂性科学角度探讨了岩溶塌陷机理定量研究中的基本科学问题,对岩溶塌陷机理定量研究进行了初步思考,在参考借鉴多个相关领域技术方法的基础上,梳理了定量研究的内容,探讨了定量研究的方法、技术思路,以期在一定程度上丰富岩溶塌陷机理定量研究理论体系,推动岩溶塌陷机理定量研究进程。     

高效纤维素降解菌系的构建

筛选出能产生不同纤维素酶的10株纤维素降解菌, 系统地分析了各菌株的EG、CBH和BG酶等3类纤维素酶活.经各菌株优化组合、混合培养, 构建了一组由5株细菌(LCB03、LCB12、LCB52、LCD12和LCD51)组成、能协同作用的复合微生物菌系.经生理生化和分子水平鉴定, 这5株细菌分别为Pseudomonas citronellolis(香茅醇假单胞菌)、Stenotrophomonas malto-philia(嗜麦芽寡食单胞菌)、Pseudomonas aeruginosa(铜绿假单胞菌)、Pseudomonas aeruginosa(铜绿假单胞菌)和Flavobacterium mizutaii(水氏黄杆菌).复合菌系的各菌株可产生不同类型的纤维素酶, 且各类酶可以协同作用有效分解天然纤维素, 在纤维素类污染的治理与资源化利用中具有很好的应用前景.      

桂林市七星区土壤汞赋存形式及其污染性研究

文章对桂林市七星区五个采样片区的土壤热释汞含量、部分样品汞的赋存形式以及其污染性状进行了分析,并对主要相态汞的来源进行了简单的分析。结果发现:桂林市七星区部分区段土壤汞存在轻度的污染,污染主要源于原始岩石背景含量较高;区内土壤中汞的赋存方式多种多样,组成差异也较大,其中以硫酸汞为主的高温热态汞含量最高,其次为硫化物形态汞,再次为以氧化物形态为主的中温热态汞,而吸附态汞和低温热态亚汞及低温热态汞含量较低,所占总汞含量小于10%。     

Geochronology of anthropogenic pollutants in riparian wetland sediments of the Lippe River (Germany)

Anthropogenic pollutants were determined in a dated sediment core, collected from a riparian wetland of the Lippe River (Ruhr district, Germany). The historical trend in heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorines, polychlorinated biphenyls and linear alkylbenzenes as well as more recent contaminants such as industrial additives, organotins, synthetic musks, methyltriclosan and some other compounds were determined for the time period between 1930 and 1986. Emission sources, information on technical production and usage, as well as on the individual pollution pathways, with appropriate environmental stability, were considered in the interpretation of the sediment contamination over the past 50 years.Contaminants were analysed and interpreted according to two different criteria: (a) the origin of the main contaminants as related to mining and industrial activities as well as municipal sewage and agricultural effluents and (b) the pollution history. Due to a significant appearance of formerly missing contaminants in sediments deposited since 1970, we suggest classifying contaminants as either common (predating 1970) or modern (postdating 1970).In summary, the study provided a comprehensive reconstruction of the pollution history of the Lippe River system.     

Quantitative analysis of earthquake fatalities: case of Iran

Earthquakes in Iran are major and chronic disasters, but there is a seemingly downward trend in the number of lives lost from earthquake disasters in the past five decades. This paper particularly examines whether factors such as urbanization, literacy rate, wealth, and retrofitting measures have contributed to the declining trend of fatalities over past decades. Data records of 1960–2010 have been used to demonstrate the fatalities trend and a shorter series of 1990–2010 has been used to carry out a statistical analysis due to limited availability of information on retrofitting practices in the country. Regression models run in two stages. The first stage consists of normalized fatalities of Iran’s earthquakes, regressed on urbanization, wealth, and retrofitting. The second stage involves the measure of retrofit as the dependent variable regressed over urbanization and/or wealth as explanatory variables. The resulted regression models clearly explain the importance of retrofitting measure in saving lives in earthquakes disasters, as well as providing economic advantages and robust environment to the population. The study provides significant guidance for public policy. Undoubtedly, retrofitting, started in the country from 1990, has decreased the number of deaths; nonetheless, the measure is found to be mostly enforced in the cities and not in rural areas. Decision makers can use the results of this study to prioritize retrofit in rural areas, more than ever, and as much as possible.     

《水经注》中有关北京地理的科学思想

《水经注》是我国古代著名的地理学著作之一,作者郦道元是北魏时期范阳(涿州—北京)人,因此书中对北京附近的水系和地理情况进行了描述。书中称拒马河为巨马水、大石河为圣水、永定河为漯水、清水河为清夷水、温榆河为湿馀水、潮白河为鲍邱水、泃河为泃水,称永定河出山段为清泉河、流经北京城内的什刹海和中南海为高粱河。对家乡附近的地理进行了描述,称房山为大房岭、石景山为梁山,记录了昌平县、密云戍、平谷县等行政区域,记录了羊头埠(羊头岗)、马兰(马栏)、芹城(秦城)、独乐水(独乐河)、良乡、居庸关、盘山等地名。记录了中国最早的首都——涿鹿,记录了中国现代首都蓟城(北京)内曾有蓟丘,说明永定河沟通了古今首都。记录了北京最早的水利工程戾陵堰和车箱渠。     

Dual-energy X-ray computer axial tomography and digital radiography investigation of cores and other objects of geological interest

An X-ray multi-purpose dual-energy computer tomograph has been used to investigate a variety of objects of geological interest such as unconsolidated sediments (sand, silt, clay, mud) and/or metamorphic rock samples. By using an appropriate set of standard materials as well as a proper version of filtered back projection reconstruction algorithms, we have obtained for each studied sample two images, depicting with an error of 2 to 3% densities as well as the effective atomic number. In the case of unconsolidated sediment samples, the computer tomograph has been also used to obtain good quality radiographs, prior to obtaining the tomographic images of the cross-sectional area of interest. Both radiographs and computer axial tomography images had a spatial resolution of 0.4 to 0.5 mm. Digital radiographs as well as tomographic images of unconsolidated sediment samples show with clarity internal features such as grain sizes, laminae thickness and orientation, bioturbations, revoked materials or fragments of wood. Computer tomography analysis of rock samples reveals rheological features in the relationship with metamorphism and deformation, image contrast regarding density and atomic effective number of constituents, as well as significant correlations between physical parameters and internal structures or textures.     

土体再压缩变形规律的试验研究

结合大量不同土性土体的回弹再压缩试验、模型试验,提出再加荷比、再压缩比率的概念,并在此基础上得出了土体再压缩变形的基本规律：当再加荷量为卸荷量的20%时,土样产生的再压缩变形量已接近回弹变形量的40%~50%;当再加荷量为卸荷量的80%时,再压缩变形量与回弹变形量大致相等,则此时回弹变形完全被压缩;当再加荷量与卸荷量相等时,再压缩变形量大于回弹变形量,且再压缩变形的增大程度与土性有关。可见在土样的再压缩过程中,在初始阶段再压缩变形增长速率较大,之后增长速率随着加荷量的增加反而逐渐降低。由此得出土体的再压缩变形发展规律为两阶段线性规律,这一规律具有工程实用意义：基底以下土体的回弹再压缩变形对于减小主群楼之间的差异沉降是一种有利因素;再压缩变形的发展规律为建筑物基底以下土体的回弹再压缩变形而产生的沉降计算提供了依据