九孔鲍室内流水养殖

设计了陆上室内流水养成池和育苗池进行集约化养鲍。每个养成池７．０ｍ×５．０ｍ×１．８ｍ，放鲍笼１２５４个，每笼放养壳长２ｃｍ的九孔鲍４０￣４５只，投喂新鲜江蓠。经８￣１０个月的饲养，鲍壳长可达６ｃｍ，成活率达７０％￣８５％。     

武汉台重力长期变化分析

通过对武汉台超导重力仪９年多连续观测的重力长期变化资料分析,得到长周期重力潮汐参数、该频段气压回归因子Ｃ、极移重力效应因子Ｐ和长周期气压回归因子Ｃ１分别为：Ｃ：－０．３８３（±０．０１４）×１０－８ｍ·ｓ－２／１００Ｐａ;Ｍｍ：１．１１７３（±０．０７２０）,－１°．１７８７（±３°．６９４３）;Ｍｆ：１．１４３２（±０．０４８４）,５°．２２３５（±２°．４２５３）;Ｍｔｍ：１．２２７６（±０．２２４５）,－１７°．５６４８（±１０°．４７５８）;Ｃ１：－０．３１２（±０．０１５）×１０－８ｍ·ｓ－２／１００Ｐａ;Ｐ：１．９０４７（±０．０６９５）．重力长期变化在Ｃｈａｎｄｌｅｒ周期附近的振幅约为３．２６×１０－８ｍ·ｓ－２。     

氟乐灵对斑节对虾卵和幼体的毒性研究

采用静水生物试验法测定了氟乐灵对斑节对虾卵和幼体的急性毒性。结果表明：氟乐灵对斑节对虾无节幼体、蚤状幼体、糠虾幼体和仔虾的２４ｈＬＣ５０／×１０－６分别是１．６８，０．８３，１．８４和２．０９；４８ｈＬＣ５０／×１０－６分别是０．７６，０．５３，１．０９和１．５１。５．０１×１０－６氟乐灵浸浴受精卵１２ｈ，５０％的受精卵可孵化。第２２天仔虾用１０×１０－６以下浓度的氟乐灵浸浴５ｍｉｎ，对其存活率无影响。     

过氧化钙对尖吻鲈,罗非鱼的增氧试验

系统试验了在过滤海水中加入不同浓度的ＣａＯ２后ＤＯ、ｐＨ的变化规律，以及不同浓度的ＣａＯ２对尖吻鲈、罗非鱼的饲养及运输的增氧效果。结果表明；加入ＣａＯ２ １５×１０＾－６￣２０×１０＾－６，能很快增加水中ＤＯ，对抢救尖吻鲈鱼苗浮头有较好效果，在平时饲养中施ＣａＯ２ １０×１０＾－６￣２０×１０＾－６增氧效果也明显。在罗非鱼高密度暂养或运输中，施入ＣａＯ２ ４５×１０＾－６￣７５×１０＾－６对增氧，     

孔雀绿、福尔马林对罗氏沼虾（M．rosenbergii）各期蚤状幼体的急性毒性研究

用孔雀绿、福尔马林对罗氏沼虾各期蚤状幼体及仔虾进行急性毒性试验。结果表明，孔雀绿的２４ｈＬＣ５０是：蚤状幼体为０．１４１～０．２５７×１０－６、仔虾为０．２７１×１０－６；４８ｈＬＣ５０是：蚤状幼体０．０７７～０．１５２×１０－６、仔虾为０．１７４×１０－６；安全浓度蚤状幼体为０．００７～０．０１６×１０－６、仔虾为０．０２１×１０－６．福尔马林的２４ｈＬＣ５０是：蚤状幼体为２３，５～５１．９×１０－６、仔虾为４２．６×１０－６；４８ｈＬＣ５０是：蚤状幼体为１４．３～３３．６×１０－６、仔虾为２８．７×１０－６；安全浓度蚤状幼体为１．２～４．２×１０－６、仔虾为３．９×１０－６。     

壳多糖对罗氏沼虾,斑节对虾苗生长和抗菌防病作用研究

探讨壳多糖对虾苗的生长和抗菌防病的作用。用玻璃缸培育罗氏沼虾和斑节对虾苗,在水体中添加不同浓度的壳多糖,人为感染气单胞菌或弧菌,观测虾苗的生长和抗病情况。结果表明：（１）在培养水体中加入壳多糖能净水水质,防止水质恶化,因而可进行不换水育苗;（２）壳多糖（２５×１０＾－６－１００×１０＾－６）可抑制气单胞菌和弧菌的生长繁殖,增强抗病能力,提高虾苗的成活率;（３）适宜浓度为２５×１０＾－６－１００×１     

南北带北段地壳上地幔密度与磁性结构

利用对应分析约束下的重磁联合反演方法,计算了南北带北段４条地震测深剖面的地壳上地幔的密度和磁化率物性参数。结果表明：①自上而下区内存在中新生界地层与下伏地层（０．１４～０．３０ｇ／ｃｍ３）、中上地壳与下地壳（０．１０～０．２０ｇ／ｃｍ３）和下地壳与上地幔顶部之间（０．３０～０．４０ｇ／ｃｍ３）３个密度分界面;②区内磁性参数随深度增加而增大,浅部中新生界地层几乎无磁性,中上地壳磁化率一般为１００～１５０００×１０－６ＩＳ;下地壳磁性层磁化率明显升高,一般为１５０００～２００００×１０－６ＩＳ;③区内地壳各构造层的密度和磁化率存在明显的横向变化,其分区特征与大地构造分区基本一致。     

东昆仑胜利铁铜矿区二长花岗岩锆石 Ｕ－Ｐｂ定年、岩石地球化学特征及找矿意义

东昆仑祁漫塔格－都兰成矿带是青海省重要的矽卡岩型铁多金属成矿带,胜利矽卡岩型铁铜矿床位于该成矿带东段,其成矿作用与二长花岗岩密切相关,矿体产于二长花岗岩与大理岩接触带的矽卡岩中。地球化学数据显示,胜利铁铜矿床二长花岗岩ｗ（ＳｉＯ２）为 ７１．８４％ ～７４．５０％,ｗ（Ｋ２Ｏ＋Ｎａ２Ｏ）为 ８．０３％ ～８．６１％,明 显 富 碱;Ｋ２Ｏ／Ｎａ２Ｏ 为 １．２８～１．６２,相 对 富 钾;Ａ／ＣＮＫ为０．９５～０．９８,属于准铝质高钾钙碱性Ｉ型花岗岩。岩石总体富集大离子亲石元素 Ｋ、Ｂａ、Ｒｂ和活泼不相容元 素 Ｔｈ、Ｕ,相对亏损高场强元素 Ｔａ、Ｎｂ、Ｐ、Ｔｉ等。样 品 稀 土 元 素 总 量 ｗ（∑ＲＥＥ）＝１３２．７３×１０－６～１８１．３６×１０－６,（Ｌａ／Ｙｂ）Ｎ 为７．４０～１１．６７,δＥｕ为０．６７～０．７８,稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,具有较明显的轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损的特征,具 Ｅｕ负 异 常。二长花岗岩 ＬＡ－ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ锆石 Ｕ－Ｐｂ加权平均年龄为（２４０．５±２．８）Ｍａ,形成于中三叠世。综合研究表明,二长花岗岩是阿尼玛卿洋盆向北俯冲,致使壳幔岩浆发生混合,后经侵位、结晶分异形成。      

几种抗菌药物对马氏珠母贝D型幼虫的毒性试验

试验了几种抗菌药物对马氏珠母贝幼虫的毒性，结果表明，几种抗菌药物对马氏珠母贝Ｄ型幼虫９６ｈ半数耐受浓度（９６ＴＬＭ＝９６ＬＣ５０）及安全浓度分别为：氯霉素４５．４×１０－６、４．５×１０－６；红霉素５３．０×１０－６、５．３×１０－６；呋喃西林６４．１×１０－６，６．４×１０－６土霉素、百炎净、硫酸链霉素、青霉素Ｇ钠均大于１００×１０－６及１０×１０－６。但若以幼虫活力、摄食率、日生长率的变化作为观察指标，则这些药物的９６ＴＬＭ及安全浓度分别落在下述区间内：土霉素（３８～６７）×１０－６、（３．８～６．７）×１０－６；百炎净（５２～６７）×１０－６、（５．２～６．７）×１０－６；硫酸链霉素（２５～３８）×１０－６、（２．５～３．８）×１０－６；青霉素Ｇ钠仍大于１００×１０－６及１０×１０－６。下列药物在一定浓度下对幼虫的生长有明显的促进作用：青霉素Ｇ钠，百炎净（１３～３８）×１０－６；呋喃西林１３×１０－６。     

化学发光测定痕量钒的研究及其应用

本文研究了鲁米诺－高碘酸钾－钒体系产生化学发光反应，建立了测定痕量钒新的化学发光法。在ＥＤＴＡ为活化剂存在下，方法的检出限为３×１９（－９）ｇ／ｍｌ，工作曲线响应浓度范围为１×１０（－８）～１×１０（－６）ｇ／ｍｌ，测定５×１０（－７）ｇ／ｍｌ钒的相对标准偏差为２．５％～３．０％之间。该法有很好的选择性，用于测定岩矿等物料中痕量钒可获得满意结果。     

湛江港湾表层沉积物重金属的分布特征及潜在生态危害评价

利用双道原子荧光分析仪对湛江港附近海域表层沉积物砷、汞、铅、镉的含量进行了分析,阐明了这几种重金属的分布特征。结果表明,As的质量分数为(8.138~16.749)×10-6,平均12.745×10-6;Hg的质量分数为未检出(nd)~0.322×10-6,平均0.059×10-6;Pb的质量分数为(14.306~68.904)×10-6,平均44.258×10-6;Cd的质量分数为(1.561~6.882)×10-6,平均3.0874×10-6;砷、汞、铅从港内往港外有逐渐减少的趋势,镉的分布没有规律性,在整个港湾内的分布较均匀。从单因子污染指数看,砷、汞和铅都属生态危害轻微;镉污染较为严重,属生态危害强;从综合污染指数看,属生态危害中等。     

菲律宾蛤仔糖胺聚糖的纯化及单糖组成的研究

菲律宾蛤仔中提取的糖胺聚糖(GAGs)粗品,经DEAE-52-离子交换柱层析和Sephadex G-100凝胶柱纯化后,采用Sephadex G-100凝胶柱层析法测定该糖胺聚糖纯品F-1-1的相对分子质量,并以薄板层析(TLC)法对F-1-1的酸水解液进行单糖组成分析。结果表明:两级纯化得到均一的糖胺聚糖,其相对分子质量为4.4×104,单糖组分主要为氨基半乳糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖;对多糖进行两级纯化效果较好,纯品可进行结构分析;TLC法可快速分析水解多糖的单糖组成。     

U-Pb geochronology,geochemistry and tectonic implications ofdiorite from Nangnimsan of Mehe in northern Da Hinggan Mountains

LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the weighted average age of diorite from Nangnimsan,Mohe in the northern Da Hinggan Mountains in Heilongjiang Province is 516.2±1.7 Ma,as a result of magmatic intrusion of Early Cambrian. Geochemistry analysis indicates that the rocks belong to high-K calc-alkaline series,with low content of SiO_2( 52.24%-53.64%) and high Mg( MgO = 5.67%-6.56%,Mg~#= 61. 05-65. 46).The rocks are characterized by the enrichment of LREE and LILE( e.g. Rb,Ba,Pb),and relative depletion in HREE and HFSE( e.g. Ta,Nb,P,Ti),and with a high content of Sr( 442. 3-622. 3) × 10~(-6),Yb( 2.49-3.42) ×10~(-6) and Y( 25.64-35.49) ×10~(-6),and slightly negative Eu anormaly( δEu= 0.60-0.81). Based on Rb/Sr( 0.15-0.25) and Rb/Nb( 8.27-15.12),it is concluded that the primary magma of diorite was derived from the mixture of the crust and mantle. Combined with background of regional tectonic evolution,it is suggested that diorite was formed in the extensional environment after the collage of the EGM with the Siberian.     

On the ultrastructure and classification of the hemocytes of penaeid shrimp,Penaeus vannamei (Crustacea, Decapoda)

The ultrastructure of hemocytes ofPenaeus vannamei was examined by transmission electron microscope. Three types of hemocytes were identified: hyaline cell, small-granule cell and large-granule cell. Hyaline cells are the smallest of the hemocytes, lack electron-dense granules, have average size of 11.11 μm (SE±0.50,n=10)×6.96μm (SE±0.55,n=10), comprise 25.8% (SE±2.87,n=4×10) of the hemocytes; small granule cells are the most abundant type of hemocytes, comprise 58.1% (SE±3.40,n=4×10) of the hemocytes, contain small electron—dense granules, have average size of 10.78 μm (SE±0.60,n=10)×8.63 μm (SE±0.44,n=10); and large-granule cells comprise 16.1% (SE±2.55,n=4×10) of the hemocytes, are filled with large electron dense granules, have average size of 12.51 μm (SE±0.63,n=10)×8.99μm (SE±0.71,n=10). This research was supported by the National Climbing Project B, PDB6-6-3. Contribution No. 3448 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Effects of algal concentration and initial density on the population growth of Diaphanosoma celebensis Stingelin （Crustacea, Cladocera）

The effects of algal concentration and initial density on the population growth of the estuarine cladocera,Diaphanosoma celebensis Stingelin,were evaluated in an indoor experiment.A 2 × 4 layout that included two algal concentrations(Chlorella pyrenoidosa,1 × 106 and 3 × 106 cell/mL) and four inoculation densities(100,200,300 and 400 ind./L) were established.Diaphanosoma celebensis were reared in 150 mL flasks containing 50 mL of algal medium at 22°C,under salinity of 10 and a photoperiod of 12 h L:12 h D.T...     

Transfort of oxygen,nutrients and carbonates by the Kuroshio Current

Measured concentrations of dissolved oxygen, phosphate, silicate, total alkalinity and calculated total CO₂ in a section between 121° E and 125° E across the Kuroshio near 22° N off Taiwan and the geostrophic velocity were used to estimate the gross transport of oxygen, nutrients and carbonates. The flux of dissolved oxygen is 6.7×10⁶ mol/s northward and 0.9×10⁶ mol/s southward. The net flux equals 5.8×10⁶ mol/s down-stream. The northward flux of phosphate is 22.6×10³ mol/s; the southward flux is 1.4×10³ mol/s. The net phosphate flux is 21.2×10³ mol/s northward. The flux of silicate is 967×10³ northward and 59×10³ mol/s southward; the net transport is 908×10³ mol/s down-stream. The flux of alkalinity is 75.5×10⁶ mol/s northward, and 10.8×10⁶ mol/s southward, the net flux is 64.7×10⁶ mol/s northward. For total CO₂ the transport is 73.4×10⁶ mol/s northward and 10.8×10⁶ mol/s southward, or a net transport of 62.6×10⁶ mol/s horthward.     

Dietary manganese requirement ofP. Vannamei

Graded levels of manganese were supplemented to a semi-purified diet containing 45% crude protein, to provide six levels of manganese (i. e. containing 5, 25, 50, 70, 140 and 210×10⁻⁶, respectively) for two experiments with these experimental diets. The initial weight of shrimp used in the 35–day experiment I was 0.30±0.04 g, and that in the 70–day Experiment II was more than one gram. The results showed that optimum content in the semi-purified diet for the more than 1 gram shrimp ranged from 70 ×10⁻⁶, to 140×10⁻⁶, but supplementation of Mn was not necessary for the small shrimp. Contribution No. 2673 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

凡纳滨对虾和斑节对虾对WSSV敏感性的比较

用6.0×104拷贝、1.2×104拷贝和6.0×103拷贝3种剂量白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)对凡纳滨对虾和斑节对虾进行人工注射感染,比较了两种对虾对WSSV敏感性的差异。结果表明,凡纳滨对虾死亡时间随病毒剂量降低而延长,斑节对虾死亡时间没有明显差异;随病毒剂量的降低,凡纳滨对虾人工注射感染后病毒复制高峰时间显著延长,斑节对虾感染后病毒复制高峰时间相同,WSSV在凡纳滨对虾体内比在斑节对虾体内复制慢。对虾携带WSSV数量最低为3.3×107拷贝.g-1,最高为4.3×108拷贝.g-1。凡纳滨对虾比斑节对虾对WSSV的抵抗性更强。     

THE WETLAND TYPES,FUNCTIONS ANDCONSERVATION IN CHINA

Wetland Is an important landscape existing almost DEFINITIONS OF WETLANDall over the world．In China，wetlands are distributedeverywhe。加mfrlgld－tern。。。ie zone to tropical zone，XU QI et al．dehned wetland as the soil which isfrom lmoral！o Inland from paln to pforeau and moisten by under－ground water or Is permanently ormountains．＞ome ot the wetlands share the sam。char－temno。rllv soak。d by ground。ater（XU，1995）．Thisacterlstlcs of other countries，and some are un…     

沂水县富锶地下水特征及成因分析

沂水县富锶(Sr)地下水分布广泛,白垩纪沂南序列侵入岩的锶(Sr)含量最高,平均含量1013.64×10^-6,其次为白垩纪火山岩,锶(Sr)平均含量为739.18×10^-6,太古代侵入岩、变质岩中的锶(Sr)平均含量为398.99×10^-6,寒武-奥陶纪灰岩、页岩中的锶(Sr)平均含量为201.54×10^-6;碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙水含水岩组地下水锶(Sr)平均含量为0.99mg/L,喷出岩孔洞裂隙水含水岩组地下水锶(Sr)平均含量为0.95mg/L,碳酸盐岩裂隙岩溶水含水岩组地下水锶(Sr)平均含量为0.76mg/L,块状岩类(侵入岩)裂隙水含水岩组地下水锶(Sr)平均含量为0.48mg/L。碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙水含水岩组、喷出岩孔洞裂隙水含水岩组、块状岩类(侵入岩)裂隙水含水岩组地下水中锶(Sr)主要来源为围岩的风化溶解;碳酸盐岩裂隙岩溶水含水岩组地下水中锶(Sr)主要来源于沂南序列构造破碎带和风化带的风化溶解,其次为寒武-奥陶纪灰岩的风化溶解,锶(Sr)强变异性与不同含水层地下水的混合比例有关。